• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.31-49
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• 2016

Objectives The study was designed to evaluate the healing effects of Joaguihwan (JGH) extract on Anti-oxidation, Anti-inflammatory in RAW 264.7 Cells and factors related with bone metabolism in skull fractured Rat. Methods The fracture healing effect of JGH was measured by scavenging activities of1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibitory effect against the production of inflammatory mediators including interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necosis factors-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) expression was inhibited in RAW 264.7 cells was experimented using JGH. The effects of JGH on healing fractured rats was measured by osteocalcin, calcitonin, CTXII, TGF-${\beta}$, BMP-2, Insulin, ALP in the serum. and was checked every 3 weeks from 0 week to 6week using x-ray. Results 1. DPPH free radica and ABTS scavenging activity of JGH were increased according to concentration of JGH in RAW 264.7 Cells. 2. In the experiment, NO, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ all showed decrease, in general. Especially NO and IL-$1{\beta}$ showed significantly decrease at a concentration of 10, 100 (${\mu}g/ml$). 3. In the production of osteocalcin in the serum, JGH 200, 400 mg/kg experimental group showed significant increased effect at 2 weeks. 4. In the production of calcitonin in the serum. JGH 200 mg/kg experimental group showed significant increased effect at 4, 6 weeks. JGH 400 mg/kg experimental group showed significant increased effect at 2, 4, 6 weeks. 5. In the production of CTX, TGF-${\beta}$, BMP-2 in the serum, experimental group showed increased effect. but no significant effect. 6. In the production of insulin in the serum. JGH 200, 400 mg/kg experimental group showed significant decrease effect at 2, 4, 6 weeks. 7. In the production of ALP in the serum. JGH 200 mg/kg experimental group showed significant increased effect at 2, 4, 6 weeks. JGH 400 mg/kg experimental group showed significant increased effect at 4, 6 weeks. 8. In the change of X-ray, the experimental group showed better healing effects on skull fractured rats than control group. Conclusions From above results, JGH showed healing effect on Anti-oxidation, Anti-inflammatory in RAW 264.7 Cells, factors related with bone metabolism in the serum of skull fractured rat and x-ray, which is expected to be applied in clinics.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2015

열이나 빛의 자극에 의한 물질의 발광현상, 즉 열자극발광(thermoluminescence, TL)과 광자극발광(optically stimulated luminescence, OSL)의 메커니즘을 규명하고, 이 현상을 방사선량의 측정에 활용할 수 있는 새로운 발광물질을 개발하는데 활용할 수 있는 측정장치를 개발하였다. 이는 열자극과 광자극을 동시에 가할 수 있는 장치로서, 열자극에 필요한 온도제어를 위하여 35 kHz의 정현파 전원으로 변환하여 스트립 형태의 발열부에 걸어주게 되며, 최대 $20K{\cdot}s^{-1}$의 온도상승률로 약 1K의 정밀도로 온도를 제어할 수 있었다. 광자극을 위한 광원으로 중심파장이 470 nm인 Luxeon V형 고휘도 LED 등 여러 파장영역의 LED나 레이저를 사용할 수 있도록 하였다. 대표적으로 470 nm의 LED로 $Al_2O_3$:C의 OSL을 측정하는 경우, 시료의 발광에서 자극광을 분리시키기 위하여 LED의 자극광은 단파장차단필터인 GG420을 통과시켜서 시료에 걸리게 하고, 시료의 발광은 대역통과필터인 UG11를 통과하여 광증배관에 걸리게 하였다. 아울러 시료에 따라 LED나 필터들을 다르게 조합할 수 있도록 하여 시료의 발광특성에 맞는 최적의 측정을 수행할 수 있다. PC로 측정장치의 전체적인 제어가 이루어지며 LabView로 개발한 제어프로그램은 그래픽사용자환경(GUI)으로 되어 있다. 이 연구를 통해서 개발한 장치로 LiF:Mg,Cu,Si와 $Al_2O_3$:C를 표준시료로 하여 TL과 OSL을 측정하였고, 이들의 발광특성이 기존에 알려진 특성을 재현하여 이 장치가 신뢰할 수 있는 성능을 내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.725-743
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• 2000

This study was intended to investigate the contents associated with the neuropsychosis in the medical books published in the times of Chinese dynasty of Jin and Yuan. As a result, the following findings were drawn. 1. As for palpitation from fright and severe palpitation, the medical schools in the times of Chinese Jin and Yuan dynasties viewed their causes as heart-fire, shuiqichengxin, blood vacuity, phlegm and so on and presented a prescription for each cause for them. 2. As for psychosis, medical books published in the times of Chinese Jin and Yuan dynasties accurately divided and discussed epilepsy and viewed their causes largely as Yangming heat, phlegm of chest and heart-fire. And a number of medical schools made use of such therapeutics as sweating, vomiting and diarrhea therapies. 3. As for headache, medical books published in the times of Chinese Jin and Yuan dynasties presented their causes as fire and heat, phlegm heat, phlegm and so on and classified the aspect of headache in detail. As for vacuity rexation and dysphoria, medical books at that time saw their causes as fire and heat, heart-fire, blood vacuity and so forth and presented a prescription for them accordingly. 4. Liu Wan Su was the Hanliang school. He viewed the etiological cause for psychopathy as fire and heat and prescribed largely the medication of cold nature for it. 5. Zhang Cong Zheng belonged to the Gongxia School. He viewed the etiological cause for psychopathy as fire, phlegm and so forth and made use of sweating, vomiting and diarrhea therapies. Especially, he used the 'Jingzhepingzhe' therapy as a method to treat the symptom of fright. 6. Li Gao did not any specific mention of psychopathy and divided headache due to internal injury and headache due to external contraction. 7. Zhu Zhen Heng viewed most of the etiological causes for psychopathy as phlegm, fire and deficiency of blood and attached importance to such its therapeutics as resolving phlegm, cleaning away fire and nourishing Yin. 8. Wang Hao Gu did not present the specifically common etiological cause and prescription for psychopathy but described the cause and prescription for headache, dysphoria, maniac speech, palpitation and so forth. Luo Tian Yi presented the process of psychosis due to abnormal therapy for cold demage and prescription of it. 9. Wang Lu made a detailed explanation about the therapeutics of five types of stagnated syndrome and said that stagnated syndrome became the major cause for them in the occurrence of such psychopathy. Wei Yi Lin presented the prescription and medication for comparatively diverse mental diseases such zhong-qi, severe palpitation, palpitation for fright, impaired memory, vacuity rexation, headache, psychosis.

• World Technopolis Review
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2014

Center for Research of Science and Technology ("PUSPIPTEK") has 460 hectares land area, still maintained as a green area with more than 30% green space. There are 47 centers for research and testing technology, technology-based industries, and as well as public supporting facilities in PUSPIPTEK area. Based on the concepts developed to make this area as an ecological region, PUSPIPTEK can be seen as a model of eco-innovation. The purpose of this research is to develop a model of water, energy and waste management with eco-innovation concept. As a new approach in addressing environmental degradation and maintaining the sustainability of ecosystem, studies related to eco-innovation policy that combines the management of water, energy and waste in the region has not been done. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, a series of techniques for collecting data on PUSPIPTEK existing conditions will be carried out, which includes utilities data (water, electricity, sewage) and master plan of this area. The savings over the implementation of the concept of eco-innovation in water, energy, and waste management were calculated and analyzed using quatitative methods. The amount of cost savings and feasibility were then calculated. Eco innovation in water management among other innovations include the provision of alternative sources of water, overflow of rain water and water environments utilization, and use of gravity to replace the pumping function. Eco-innovation in energy management innovations include the use of LED and solar cell for air conditioning. Eco-innovation in waste management includes methods of composting for organic waste management. The research results: (1) The savings that can be achieved with the implementation of eco innovation in the water management is Rp. 3,032,640 daily, or Rp.1,106,913,600 annually; (2) The savings derived from the implementation of eco innovation through replacement of central AC to AC LiBr Solar Powered will be saved Rp.1,933,992,990 annually and the use of LED lights in the Public street lighting PUSPIPTEK saved Rp.163,454,433 annually; (3) Application of eco innovation in waste management will be able to raise awareness of the environment by sorting organic, inorganic and plastic waste. Composting and plastic waste obtained from the sale revenue of Rp. 44,016,000 per year; (4) Overall, implementation of the eco-innovation system in PUSPIPTEK area can saves Rp. 3,248,377,023 per year, compared to the existing system; and (5)The savings are obtained with implementation of eco-innovation is considered as income. Analysis of the feasibility of the implementation of eco-innovation in water, energy, and waste management in PUSPIPTEK give NPV at a 15% discount factor in Rp. 3,895,228,761; 23.20% of IRR and 4.48 years of PBP. Thus the model of eco-innovation in the area PUSPIPTEK is feasible to implement.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.725-737
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• 2020

Background: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a kind of aggressive hematological cancer, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is activated in most patients with T-ALL and responsible for poor prognosis. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (20(S)-GRh2) is a major active compound extracted from ginseng, which exhibits anti-cancer effects. However, the underlying anticancer mechanisms of 20(S)-GRh2 targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in T-ALL have not been explored. Methods: Cell growth and cell cycle were determined to investigate the effect of 20(S)-GRh2 on ALL cells. PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins were detected in 20(S)-GRh2-treated Jurkat cells by immunoblotting. Antitumor effect of 20(S)-GRh2 against T-ALL was investigated in xenograft mice. The mechanisms of 20(S)-GRh2 against T-ALL were examined by cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Results: In the present study, the results showed that 20(S)-GRh2 decreased cell growth and arrested cell cycle at the G1 phase in ALL cells. 20(S)-GRh2 induced apoptosis through enhancing reactive oxygen species generation and upregulating apoptosis-related proteins. 20(S)-GRh2 significantly elevated the levels of pEGFP-LC3 and autophagy-related proteins in Jurkat cells. Furthermore, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was effectively blocked by 20(S)-GRh2. 20(S)-GRh2 suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis and autophagy by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in Jurkat cells. Finally, 20(S)-GRh2 alleviated symptoms of leukemia and reduced the number of white blood cells and CD3 staining in the spleen of xenograft mice, indicating antitumor effects against T-ALL in vivo. Conclusion: These findings indicate that 20(S)-GRh2 exhibits beneficial effects against T-ALL through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and could be a natural product of novel target for T-ALL therapy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.87-108
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• 1996

본원에서 하악지시상골 절단술을 시행한 하악전돌증 환자 29명 (남자 12명, 여자 17명)을 대상으로 수술전, 수술후, 장기관찰기간동안 경조직과 연조직 변화를 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 술후 하악은 반시계방향회전하면서 후방이동 하였으며 장기관찰시 B와 Pog에서 1.23mm, 1.28mm의 재발을 보였다. 이는 술후의 하악이동에 따른 순수한 효과(Net effect)가 81.7%, 82.2% 라는 것을 의미하며 이러한 재발로 인하여 수술의 효과를 감소시킬 수 있다는 사실을 술전 치료계획에 포함시켜야 한다고 할 수 있다. 2. 하악 경조직의 수평변화에 대한 하악 연조직의 변화비율은 하순구에서 100%, 이부에서 99.1-102.1% 로 나타났으며 하순의 경우 72.7-93.7% 로 나타났으며 상순의 경우 하악 전치 이동량의 5.7% 정도 후방 이동하게 되지만 통계적 상관관계는 미약했으나. 수직적으로 8.3-9.6% 정도 유의한 하방이동양상을 보였다. 3. 술수 상순과 하순의 관계가 개선되어 심미선에 대하여 상순(Ls)은 상대적으로 동출하고 하순(Li)은 후방이동하였으며, 상순구가 얕아지고 하순구가 깊어졌으며, 비순각이 개선되어 전반적 안모가 개선되었으나 턱부위의 전돌은 수술후에도 약간 남아있었다. 4. 하악 연조직점을 종속변수로, 하악 경조직점을 독립변수로한 회귀분석에서 경조직 변화와 연조직 변화 사이의 높은 상관관계가 있다고 하여도 이를 정확하게 예측하기 어렵다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 연조직 두께와 수평이동사이에는 통계적 유의성이 없었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2020

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Charybdis japonica (C. japonica) water extract on the acute reflux esophagitis in rat models. Methods : Twenty rats were divided into four groups for examination: normal control group (n=6), the reflux esophagitis group (n=6), reflux esophagitis treated with positive control group (ranitidine 40 mg/kg, n=6), reflux esophagitis treated with C. japonica group (100 mg/kg, n=6). All rats fasted for 18 hr and then were induced with reflux esophagitis by a pylorus and forestomach ligation operation. After 4 hr, the rats were sacrificed. The proinflammatory cytokine and proteins expression measured by western bolt assay, and the histopathological analysis of the esophageal mucosa measured by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results : C. japonica administration significantly was protecting esophageal mucosal damage upon histological analysis of reflux esophagitis in rats. The C. japonica treatment confirmed the protection of the reduction of claudin-5, an evaluation index of the damage of tight junctions in the reflux esophagitis. C. japonica was also found to inhibit the expression of proteins such as COX-2 and TNF-α in the rat esophagus. C. japonica markedly attenuated the activation of NF-κB and phosphorylation of IκBα at the same time. Conclusion : These results indicated that C. japonica suppressed the development of esophagitis through the modulation of inflammation by regulating NF-κB activation. Based on these findings, we concluded that C. japonica can prevent reflux esophagitis.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2020

중국은 1978년 개혁·개방 정책 이후 동·서부 지역의 경제가 중부 지역보다 빠르게 성장한 반면 중부 지역은 경제발전에서 소외되는 문제가 발생하였다. 이에 2000년대 들어 지역 경제 발전 균형 등의 차원에서 중부 지역의 발전이 국가 차원에서 거론되었다. 본 연구는 중국 정주시가 교통의 요지라는 점을 활용한 중국 정부의 정책이 정주시의 대외무역 발전에 미친 영향을 분석하였다. 중국 정부 정책의 일환으로 2013년 "정주시 항공항 경제종합 실험구 발전 계획(2013-2025년)"이 수립되었으며 일대일로(一帶一路, One Belt and One Road)이 건설되면서 5개 노선 중 2개 노선이 정주시를 관통하고 있다. 또한, 중국 정주시 수출입 총액은 2018년 622억 달러로 2009년에 비교하여 약 10배 증가하였다. 이에 따라 정주시는 중부 6개 성도(장사, 남창, 우한, 합비, 태이위안) 중 수출입총액이 2009년에는 가장 낮았으나 현재는 가장 수출입 규모가 크다. 또한, 정주시는 국내외 여객 및 화물수송량이 증가하고 있으며, 육로, 수로, 항공 등의 다양한 물류 시스템을 갖추어 나가고 있다. 주성분 회귀분석을 통한 분석에서도 정부 정책이 대외무역(수출입 총액)에 직접적으로 양(+)의 영향을 주는 것을 발견하였다. 이와 같은 정주시의 사례는 지역 특성을 살린 정부 정책이 지역발전에 있어 중요함을 보여준다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.3588-3592
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• 2010

Second-order rate constants ($k_N$) have been measured spectrophotometrically for nucleophilic substitution reactions of 2-pyridyl X-substituted benzoates 8a-e with a series of alicyclic secondary amines in $H_2O$ at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. The $k_N$ values for the reactions of 8a-e are slightly smaller than the corresponding reactions of 4-nitrophenyl X-substituted benzoates 1a-e (e.g., $kN^{1a-e}/k_N^{8a-e}$ = 1.1 ~ 3.1), although 2-pyridinolate in 8a-e is ca. 4.5 $pK_a$ units more basic than 4-nitrophenolate in 1a-e. The Br$\o$nsted-type plot for the aminolysis of 8c (X = H) is linear with $\beta_{nuc}$ = 0.77 and $R^2$ = 0.991 (Figure 1), which is typical for reactions reported previously to proceed through a stepwise mechanism with breakdown of a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate $T^{\pm}$ being the rate-determining step (RDS), e.g., aminolysis of 4-nitrophenyl benzoate 1c. The Hammett plot for the reactions of 8a-e with piperidine consists of two intersecting straight lines (Figure 2), i.e., $\rho$ = 1.71 for substrates possessing an electron-donating group (EDG) while $\rho$ = 0.86 for those bearing an electron-withdrawing group (EWG). Traditionally, such a nonlinear Hammett plot has been interpreted as a change in RDS upon changing substituent X in the benzoyl moiety. However, it has been proposed that the nonlinear Hammett is not due to a change in RDS since the corresponding Yukawa-Tsuno plot exhibits excellent linear correlation with $\rho$ = 0.85 and r = 0.62 ($R^2$ = 0.995, Figure 3). Stabilization of substrates 8a-e in the ground state has been concluded to be responsible for the nonlinear Hammett plot.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1336-1345
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 국내외 실버화와 일반적인 운동화에 대한 1차 운동기능학적 분석을 통하여 노인에게 가장 적합한 신발을 정하고 2차 운동생리학적 실험을 통해 체지방률변화, 운동강도에 따른 대사량의 변화 그리고 에너지 소비량의 변화를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 대상으로는 특별한 질병을 가지고 있지 않은 남자 어른들 20명을 대상으로 하였으며, 평균나이는 $62.78{\pm}4.32$세, 신장은 $170.89{\pm}3.56cm$ 그리고 몸무게는 $75.12{\pm}8.76kg$이었다. 실험 전 실험에 대한 충분한 설명을 하고 동의서를 받은 후 데이터를 수집하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 운동 기능학적 실험과 운동 생리학적 실험을 수행하였으며, 본 연구결과 걷기나 달리기 시 최초 발 뒤꿈치 접촉 시 발이 회내(pronation)되는 정도와 최대 회내가 되는 정도를 알아 본 결과 걷기속도가 가장 빠르게 나온 B형의 신발이 회내값($-2.3{\pm}1.05^{\circ}$)이 가장 크게 나타났으며 일반걷기용 신발에서 가장 작은 값($-1.5{\pm}0.49^{\circ}$)을 보여주고 있다. 또한 노인들의 일상생활에서 착용하는 건강증진용 신발을 대상으로 운동 생리학적 부분을 살펴보면 체지방율의 변화는 모든 그룹에서 감소는 하였으나, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았는데, 이는 체지방율의 변화를 가져오기 위해서 일시적인 운동이 아닌 규칙적이고 장기적인 운동이 필요할 것으로 사료되어지며, 노인들이 건강증진용 기능화를 장기적으로 착용하여 운동할 경우 체 지방율에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료되어진다.