• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.177-185
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• 2006

Objectives : To observe the effect of acupuncture treatment and western medical treatment on frozen shoulder patients. Methods : 39 voluntary patients were randomly assigned to the Eastern treatment group(E group, n=22) and the Western treatment group(W group, n=17). The E group received acupuncture treatment on LI15, TE14, GB21 and Master Dong's acupuncture points, Shin-gwan and Gyun-joong, twice a week for 4 weeks. The W group received suprascapular nerve block, subacromial injection and trigger point injection, twice a week for 4 weeks. Both groups were instructed to practice self exercise during their daily lives. Evaluations were made before treatment and after treatment using Constant Shoulder Assessment(CSA), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index(SPADI) and the patient's satisfaction concerning the treatment was measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). The obtained data were analyzed and compared. Results : The E group showed significant improvement(p<0.05) according to the CSA and SPADI. The patient's satisfaction scored 5.67 on a scale of 10. The W group showed significant improvement(p<0.05) according to the CSA and SPADI. The patient's satisfaction scored 7.73. But the difference between the two groups were insignificant according to CSA and SPADI. Conclusion : Both acupuncture and nerve block treatment significantly improved frozen shoulder. But the difference of the two treatments was insignificant.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.69-75
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• 2005

Objective : This study is designed to find out the effect of Bee Venom Acupuncture Therapy on the Post-stroke Pain. Methods : Bee venom solution was injected on Seven Points of CVA-GB2l(肩井), LI15(肩隅), Ll11(曲池), GB31(風市), ST36(足三里), GB39(絶骨), ect- every other day for 3 weeks, in twenty patients who were admitted in Dong-Seo Oriental Medical Hospital, as diagnosed by their typical pain characteristics of central pain from stroke. Result : After 3 weeks treatment, visual analogue scale of pain severity showed significant decrease.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.431-437
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• 2007

The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of abalone in reducing blood pressure and increasing anti-coagulant capacity. The serum angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) activities of rats on an abalone-supplemented diet did not significantly differ from the ACE levels of rats on a normal diet, at any time (before the experiment, or 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks, after commencement of the abalone diet) during the experiment. This result showed that abalone-supplemented diets had no effect on the activity of ACE, which controls blood pressure. To determine if an abalone-containing diet might increase anti-coagulant capacity, both prothrombin (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) levels were measured. The PT levels of control rats remained constant throughout the experiment. In rats fed the abalone-containing diet, PT levels increased with time, and the increase became statistically significant after 2 weeks, when compared to pre-trial PT levels. Control rats showed no significant change in APTT levels over time. The rats fed abalone, however, showed significant differences in APTT levels. Specifically, when pre-trial APTT levels were compared with 4-week levels, and when 1-week levels were compared with 4-week levels, the differences attained statistical significance. These results indicate that an abalone-supplemented diet may inhibit blood coagulation in normal rats. The results of this study prove the inherent health value of abalone, and may encourage investment in the seafood industry. Future studies will explore other possible beneficial effects of abalone, apart from the anti-hypertension and anti-coagulant effects examined above.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.79-82
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• 2015

The physical and chemical properties of prestellar cores, especially massive ones, are still far from being well understood due to the lack of a large sample. The low dust temperature (< 14 K) of Planck cold clumps makes them promising candidates for prestellar objects or for sources at the very initial stages of protostellar collapse. We have been conducting a series of observations toward Planck cold clumps (PCCs) with ground-based radio telescopes. In general, when compared with other star forming samples (e.g. infrared dark clouds), PCCs are more quiescent, suggesting that most of them may be in the earliest phase of star formation. However, some PCCs are associated with protostars and molecular outflows, indicating that not all PCCs are in a prestellar phase. We have identified hundreds of starless dense clumps from a mapping survey with the Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO) 13.7-m telescope. Follow-up observations suggest that these dense clumps are ideal targets to search for prestellar objects.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2005

The absorption of a P-gp substrate, rhodamine 123, from a liposomal dosage form was investigated across Caco-2 cell monolayers, rat intestines and rat intestinal Peyer's patches in Ussing chamber, Rhodamine 123 was incorporated into liposomes according to the standard evaporation method, which led to a production of liposomes with a mean diameter of 71.3 nm. The permeability (Papp of rhodamine 123 from a water solution across the monolayer was $2.45{\times}10^{-6}$ cm/s for $A{\leftrightarrow}B$ (apical to basal) and $14.0{\times}10^{-6}$ cm/s for $B{\leftrightarrow}A$ (basal to apical) directions, consistent with the fact that rhodamine 123 is one of the P-gp substrates. The transport of rhodamine 123 from the liposomal dosage form was much lower for both directions compared to the solution of rhodamine 123. The transport of rhodamine 123 across the rat intestine was also significantly decreased for both directions, I.e., influx and efflux, by the liposomal incorporation of the compound. The transport of rhodamine 123 across the Peyer's patch was substantially reduced by liposomal incorporation. No difference was found in the transport between the Peyer's patch and non-Peyer's patch. These observations suggest that the contribution of transport via Peyer's patches in the uptake of liposomes may be minimal, especially for rapidly absorbed compounds like rhodamine 123. Therefore, the increased absorption of P-gp substrates does not appear to be feasible by incorporating the compounds in liposomes, due to negligible involvement of Peyer's patches in the uptake of particulate dosage forms like liposomes. Liposomes may rather represent a sustained release dosage form of incorporated compounds.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2002

Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle is process by which depolarization of the muscle fiber membrane, elicited by a nerve action potential, triggers the release of $Ca^{2+}$ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR). The resulting rise in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration$([Ca^{2+}]_i)$ activates the troponin complex, thereby initiating the contraction of the muscle. The question remains as to what factors are involved in the inhibition of SR $Ca^{2+}$ release in fatigued muscle. The purpose of this study was determine whether ATP-sensitive $K^+(K_{ATP})$ channels are activated and contribute to decrease in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ during fatigue development in the mouse skeletal muscle. To elucidate a role of $K_{ATP})$ in relation to ECC, I measured the modulation effects of $K_{ATP})$ channel blocker(glibenclamide) and opener(pinacidil) on $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ after fatiguing electrical field stimulation(FEFS). Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ signals were recorded by conforcal laser microscopy(LSM 410) and monitored using the fluorescent $Ca^{2+}$-Sensitive indicator Fluo-3 AM. The results of this study were as followed: 1. The relative [Ca2'li after FEFS in the pre-glibenclamide-treated group was higher than the control. And relative $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ after FEFS in the pre-glibenclamide-treated group was lower than the control. 2. The relative $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ after FEFS for 3 min in the control, pre-glibenclamide-treated group and pre-pinacidil-treated group showed a similar pattern; the gradually significant decrease in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. But, these decreasing pattern was most significant in the control. These findings suggest a tight relationship between $K_{ATP})$ and $Ca^{2+}$ in ECC during fatigue. Therefore, 1 thought that activation of $K_{ATP})$ channels may be one of mechanisms of the fatigue in skeletal muscle.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.1227-1234
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• 2008

In this paper is designed a 256-bit synchronous OTP(one-time programmable) memory required in application fields such as automobile appliance power ICs, display ICs, and CMOS image sensors. A 256-bit synchronous memory cell consists of NMOS capacitor as antifuse and access transistor without a high-voltage blocking transistor. A gate bias voltage circuit for the additional blocking transistor is removed since logic supply voltage VDD(=1.5V) and external program voltage VPPE(=5.5V) are used instead of conventional three supply voltages. And loading current of cell to be programmed increases according to RON(on resistance) of the antifuse and process variation in case of the voltage driving without current constraint in programming. Therefore, there is a problem that program voltage can be increased relatively due to resistive voltage drop on supply voltage VPP. And so loading current can be made to flow constantly by using the current driving method instead of the voltage driving counterpart in programming. Therefore, program voltage VPP can be lowered from 5.9V to 5.5V when measurement is done on the manufactured wafer. And the sens amplifier circuit is simplified by using the sens amplifier of clocked inverter type instead of the conventional current sent amplifier. The synchronous OTP of 256 bits is designed with Magnachip $0.13{\mu}m$ CMOS process. The layout area if $298.4{\times}314{\mu}m2$.

• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.12.1-12.14
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• 2018

Osteoporosis develops with high prevalence in both postmenopausal women and hypogonadal men. Osteoporosis results in significant morbidity, but no cure has been established. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) critically contribute to bone homeostasis and possess potent immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory capability. Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of using an infusion of MSCs to treat sex hormone-deficient bone loss and its underlying mechanisms. In particular, we compared the impacts of MSC cytotherapy in the two genders with the aim of examining potential gender differences. Using the gonadectomy (GNX) model, we confirmed that the osteoporotic phenotypes were substantially consistent between female and male mice. Importantly, systemic MSC transplantation (MSCT) not only rescued trabecular bone loss in GNX mice but also restored cortical bone mass and bone quality. Unexpectedly, no differences were detected between the genders. Furthermore, MSCT demonstrated an equal efficiency in rectifying the bone remodeling balance in both genders of GNX animals, as proven by the comparable recovery of bone formation and parallel normalization of bone resorption. Mechanistically, using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based cell-tracing, we demonstrated rapid engraftment but poor inhabitation of donor MSCs in the GNX recipient bone marrow of each gender. Alternatively, MSCT uniformly reduced the $CD3^+T$-cell population and suppressed the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in reversing female and male GNX osteoporosis, which was attributed to the ability of the MSC to induce T-cell apoptosis. Immunosuppression in the microenvironment eventually led to functional recovery of endogenous MSCs, which resulted in restored osteogenesis and normalized behavior to modulate osteoclastogenesis. Collectively, these data revealed recipient sexually monomorphic responses to MSC therapy in gonadal steroid deficiency-induced osteoporosis via immunosuppression/anti-inflammation and resident stem cell recovery.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1145-1152
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• 2019

Objective: Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is a cultivated shrub grown widely in the sub-tropical and tropical areas. It has been shown that mulberry leaf contains high levels of protein while having polyphenols as phytonutrients. Therefore, it is important to conduct an experiment to assess potential toxic level from mulberry on behavior, blood hematological and coagulation parameter using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Both male and female SD rats were given an intragastric administration of respective treatments of mulberry leaf intakes (control, low and high levels). Parameters of feed intake, hematological and coagulation of blood parameters, as well as liveweight changes were taken during the 7 d of adaptation, 28 d of treatment exposure, and 14 d of recovery periods, respectively. All treatment data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance of SPSS17.0 for Windows Statistical Software following the Randomized complete block design with sex as a block. Results: Most of the parameters of the physical symptoms of the SD rats, were not significantly different (p>0.05) when compared with that of the control group. Those which remain unchanged in each dose group were, body weight (BW) gain, feed intake, the hematology and coagulation indexes. Although, there were a few individual indicators that were abnormal, but the overall physiological appearance of the rats were normal. Conclusion: Results under this experiment revealed that most hematological and coagulation parameters of the SD rats in both male and female were normal, although the weight gain of female rats in high-dose group was significantly reduced than those of the male rats. Under this study, the use of mulberry leaf up to 2 g/kg BW did not result in abnormal phenomenon in the SD rats. These findings would offer useful information for further in vivo feeding trials in animals to extensively use of mulberry leaf to improve animal production, particularly in P.R. China.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1784-1793
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• 2021

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of bamboo leaf extract (BLE) on the production performance, rumen fermentation parameters, and rumen bacterial communities of heat-stressed dairy cows. Methods: The experiment comprised a 14-day adaptation period and a 21-day experimental period and was conducted in a high-temperature and humidity environment (daily mean ambient temperature = 33.5℃±1.3℃; daily mean relative humidity = 64.9%±0.8%, daily mean temperature-humidity index = 86.2±0.4). Twelve Holstein dairy cows were randomly allocated into two groups. A total mixed ration supplemented with BLE at 0 (CON) and 1.3 g/kg dry matter (DM) were fed, respectively. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk samples were collected on 1, 11, and 21 d of the experimental period to analyze milk performance. Rumen fluid samples were collected on 21 d of the experimental period to analyze rumen fermentation parameters and rumen bacterial communities. Results: Compared with the control group, supplementation of BLE increased milk yield (p<0.01), milk fat yield (p = 0.04), 4% fat-corrected milk (p<0.01) and milk fat content (p<0.01); reduced somatic cell count (p<0.01). No differences in DM intake and milk protein or lactose content were observed between two groups. Supplementation of BLE also increased the rumen total volatile fatty acid (p<0.01), acetate (p<0.01), butyrate (p<0.01), and valerate (p = 0.05) concentrations. However, no significant effects were observed on rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen, propionate, acetate/propionate ratio, isobutyrate, or isovalerate. Furthermore, BLE increased the rumen bacterial abundance and the diversity of the rumen bacterial community. The BLE reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes abundance ratio and increased the abundances of Butyrivibrio_2 (p<0.01) and Ruminococcus_2 (p<0.01). Conclusion: The BLE supplementation at 1.3 g/kg DM could improve production performance and rumen fermentation in dairy cows during heat stress.