• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.7-20
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• 1996

According as the living standard has been high, the demands on hospital facilities become incresing. That fact made LDR/P(Labor, delivery, Recovery/Postpartum) which followed patient-centered concept proposed in the department of delievery. And in recent years. LDR/P in department of delievery is also introduced in our country as medical demands expands. This study aims to represent the standards for architectural planning of the LDR/P in department of delievery according to domestic situation.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.17-28
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• 1997

The demands on hospital facilities are increasing because of the higher living standard and the advanced medical technology. The user-oriented concept of LDR/P(Labor, Delivery, Recovery/Postpartum), which reflects the current demand, were proposed in the delivery center and was recently introduced to Korea. This study aims to represent the data base for architectural planning and the design of the LDR/P in delivery center reflecting the domestic situation. The case study was performed to investigate the change of space and to consider the architectural characteristics of LDR system in delivery center.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.87-97
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Doula support during labor on anxiety, labor pain, and perceived childbirth experience of primiparas. Method: Of 65 primiparas who were hospitalized in LDR from March 1 to September 30, 2007. 32 women were placed in the Doula group and 33 in the control group. VAS was used to measure the degree of labor pain and anxiety in the latent, active, and transitional phases. Perceived childbirth experience was measured within 2 hours after birth. Results: The Doula group had a significantly lower anxiety level than the control group in the active phase (t=-2.13, p=.04) and the transitional phase (t=-3.99, p=.000). The degree of labor pain of the Doula group was significantly lower than that of the control group for the active phase (t=-3.10, p=.003) and the transitional phase (t=-7.24, p=.000). Also, There was no significant difference in perceived childbirth experience between the two groups (t=.19, p=.85). Conclusion: The results of this study show Doula support in LDR decreases not only anxiety of primiparas but also labor pain in the active and transitional phases. Therefore Doula support by nurses in LDR can be a useful intervention during childbirth.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.371-379
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• 2002

The purpose of the present study is to consider its effect on the childbirth of a woman. This is a quasi-experimental study with nonequivalent control group post-test design. The subjects of this study are 60 primiparas (30 in the control, and another 30 in the experimental group) who have had a regular prenatal care from February 5 to March 20, 2002, in an outpatient obstetrics and gynecology of S university medical center located in Seoul. The result is as follows: 1. The hours of labor pains in the entire delivery period: the average hours are 7 hr. 9 min. in the experimental group, and 10 hr. 39 min. in the control group. The hours of labor pains are shorter in the woman with a family delivery experience in LDR. The difference is statistically significant (t=-3.34, p=.001). 2. The degree of pains in the entire delivery period: the average degree is 7.38 in the experimental group, and 7.68 in the control group. The degree of labor pains are lower in the woman with a family delivery experience in LDR. But, the difference is statistically insignificant (t=-0.86, p=.396). 3. The perceptions of the delivery experience: the average score of the perception is 73.63 in the experimental group, and 63.57 in the control group. The women with a family delivery experience in LDR have more positive perception of the delivery procedure, and, the difference is statistically significant (t=4.65, p=.000). In summary of the above result, a family-participated delivery in LDR is proved to be an effective nursing intervention that shortens the hours spent in the delivery procedure and promotes positive perceptions of the delivery experience.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.56-62
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• 2012

To determine the biological effects of low-dose-rate radiation ($^{137}Cs$, 2.95 mGy/h) on EL4 lymphoma cells during 24 h, we investigated the expression of genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, iron transport, and ribonucleotide reductase. EL4 cells were continuously exposed to low-dose-rate radiation (total dose: 70.8 mGy) for 24 h. We analyzed cell proliferation and apoptosis by trypan blue exclusion and flow cytometry, gene expression by real-time PCR, and protein levels with the apoptosis ELISA kit. Apoptosis increased in the Low-dose-rate irradiated cells, but cell number did not differ between non- (Non-IR) and Low-dose-rate irradiated (LDR-IR) cells. In concordance with apoptotic rate, the transcriptional activity of ATM, p53, p21, and Parp was upregulated in the LDR-IR cells. Similarly, Phospho-p53 (Ser15), cleaved caspase 3 (Asp175), and cleaved Parp (Asp214) expression was upregulated in the LDR-IR cells. No difference was observed in the mRNA expression of DNA repair-related genes (Msh2, Msh3, Wrn, Lig4, Neil3, ERCC8, and ERCC6) between Non-IR and LDR-IR cells. Interestingly, the mRNA of Trfc was upregulated in the LDR-IR cells. Therefore, we suggest that short-term Low-dose-rate radiation activates apoptosis in EL4 lymphoma cells.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.95-102
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• 1998

The validity of new building prototypes must be confirmed to support the design process for comparable future projects. This project invovled a post-occupancy study at a new women's health center that provides LDR/P (labor, delivery, recovery, postpartum). The study's objectives were to test whether the intentions of the designers were effectively executed, to provide feedback to the hospital about the new facility, and to provide design guidelines.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2000

Purpose :The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix is low. Traditionally, Low Dose Rate (LDR) brachytherapy has been used as a standard modality in the treatment for patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the effects of the High dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy in the patients with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix compared with the LDR. : From January 1971 to December 1992, 106 patients of adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix were treated with radiation therapy in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University with curative intent. LDR brachytherapy was carried out on 35 patients and 71 patients were treated with HDR brachytherapy. In LDR Group, 8 patients were in stage I, 18 in stage II and 9 in stage III. External radiation therapy was delivered with 10 MV X-ray, daily 2 Gy fractionation, total dose 40$\~$46Gy (median 48 Gy). And LDR Radium intracavitary irradiation was peformed with Henschke applicator, 22$\~$59 Gy to point A (median 43 Gy). In HDR Group, there were 16 patients in stage 1, 38 in stage II and 17 in stage III. The total dose of external radiation was 40$\~$61 Gy(median 45 Gy), daily 1.8$\~$2.0 Gy. HDR Co-60 intracavitary irradiation was peformed with RALS (Remote Afterloading System), 30 $\~$ 57 Gy(median 39 Gy) to point A, 3 times a week, 3 Gy per fraction. Conclusion : The 5-year overall survival rate in LDR Group was 72.9$\%$, 61.9$\%$, 45.0$\%$ in stage I, II, III, respectively and corresponding figures for HDR were 87.1$\%$, 58.3$\%$, 41.2$\%$, respectively (p>0.05). There was no statistical difference in terms of the 5-year overall survival rate between HDR Group and LDR Group in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. There was 11$\%$ of late complication rates in LDR Group and 27$\%$ in HDR Group. There were no prognostic factors compared HDR with LDR group. The incidence of the late complication rate in HDR Group stage II, III was higher than that in LDR Group(16.7$\%$ vs. 31.6$\%$ in stage II, 11.1$\%$ vs. 35.3$\%$ In stage III, p>0.05). Although the incidence of radiation induced late complication rate was higher in HDR Group stage II and III patients than that in the LDR Group, statistical significance was not detected and within acceptable level. Conclusion : There was no difference in terms of 5-year survival rate and failure pattern in the patients with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with HDR and LDR brachytherapy. Even late complication rates were higher in the HDR group It was an acceptable range. This retrospective study suggests that HDR brachytherapy seems to replace the LDR brachytherapy in the adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. However, further studies will be required to refine the dose rate effects.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4121-4126
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• 2013

Objective: Low dose radiation may stimulate the growth and development of animals, increase life span, enhance fertility, and downgrade the incidence of tumor occurrence.The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effect and hormesis in an erythrocyte system induced by low-dose radiation. Methods: Kunming strain male mice were subcutaneously implanted with S180 sarcoma cells in the right inguen as an experimental in situ animal model. Six hours before implantation, the mice were given 75mGy whole body X-ray radiation. Tumor growth was observed 5 days later, and the tumor volume was calculated every other day. Fifteen days later, all mice were killed to measure the tumor weight, and to observe necrotic areas and tumor-infiltration-lymphoreticular cells (TILs). At the same time, erythrocyte immune function and the level of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG) were determined. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of EPO and VEGFR of tumor tissues. Results: The mice pre-exposed to low dose radiation had a lower tumor formation rate than those without low dose radiation (P < 0.05). The tumor growth slowed down significantly in mice pre-exposed to low dose radiation; the average tumor weight in mice pre-exposed to low dose radiation was lighter too (P < 0.05). The tumor necrosis areas were larger and TILs were more in the radiation group than those of the group without radiation. The erythrocyte immune function, the level of 2,3-DPG in the low dose radiation group were higher than those of the group without radiation (P < 0.05). After irradiation the expression of EPO of tumor tissues in LDR group decreased with time. LDR-24h, LDR-48h and LDR-72h groups were all statistically significantly different from sham-irradiation group. The expression of VEGFR also decreased, and LDR-24h group was the lowest (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Low dose radiation could markedly increase the anti-tumor ability of the organism and improve the erythrocyte immune function and the ability of carrying $O_2$. Low-dose total body irradiation, within a certain period of time, can decrease the expression of hypoxia factor EPO and VEGFR, which may improve the situation of tumor hypoxia and radiosensitivity of tumor itself.

• Journal of the Korean hospital association
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• v.22 no.5 s.204
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• pp.4-10
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• 1993

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.41-49
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• 2000

Today, medical system faces to two major flows of change. The first one changes to small-to-middle size special hospital from large size general hospital. The another one changes to the patient-focused hospital. In these two flows of change, women's hospital is a typical small-to-middle size special hospital. In Korea, several studies on the architectural planning of delivery-part designed with recent trends in large size general hospital have done with focusing on LDR type or LDR/P type, but few studies on the architectural planning of the recent trends in women's hospitals. Therefore, this study aims to propose improve way after analysis the developing circumstances and problems on the Architectural planning on women's hospital by case studies on Women's hospital builded recently in Korea.