• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.9-15
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• 2014

In this paper, we proposed a new LDP code to solve a previous LDP code's problem and can include a face-color information. To include the face-color information, we developed various methods reducing the existing LDP code and analyzed the results. A new LDP code is represented by 6-bits different from the previous LDP code To adapt to a noise and environmental changes effectively and include 2-bits face-color information. The result shows better recognition rates of face and facial-expression than the existing methods effectively.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.270-281
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• 2003

ETF made the RFCs of MPLS technologies for providing the QoS of ATM or Frame Relay and the flexibility&scalability of IP on the Internet services. IETF has been expanding MPLS technologies as a common control component for supporting the various switching technologies called GMPLS. Also, IETF has standardized the signaling protocols based on such technologies, such as LDP, CR-LDP and RSVP-TE. ETRI developed the MPLS system based on ATM switch in order to provide more reliable services, differentiated services and value-added services like the VPN and traffic engineering service on the Korea Public Sector network. We are planning on deploying model services and commercial services on that network. This paper explains the basic functions of LDP, design and development of LDP on our system, and compares with LDP development and operation on other MPLS systems made by Cisco, Juniper, Nortel and Riverstone. In conclusion, this paper deduces the future services and applications by LDP through these explanation and comparison.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.23-28
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• 2014

This study proposes the design and implementation of the system for a facial expression recognition system. LDP(Local Directional Pattern) feature computes the edge response in a different direction from a pixel with the relationship of neighbor pixels. It is necessary to be estimated that LDP code can represent facial features correctly under various conditions. In this respect, we build the system of facial expression recognition to test LDP performance quickly and the proposed evaluation system consists of six components. we experiment the recognition rate with local micro patterns (LDP, Gabor, LBP) in the proposed evaluation system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.86-92
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• 2015

This study proposes new LDP code to improve facial expression recognition rate by including local directional number(LDN), edge magnitudes and differences of neighborhood edge intensity. LDP is less sensitive on the change of intensity and stronger about noise than LBP. But LDP is difficult to express the smooth area without changing of intensity and if background image has the similar pattern with a face, the facial expression recognition rate of LDP is low. Therefore, we make the LDP code has the local directional number and the edge strength and experiment the facial expression recognition rate of changed LDP code.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.539-545
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• 2018

Longitudinal Displacement Profile (LDP) is an appropriate tool for determination of the displacement magnitude of the tunnel walls as a function of the distance to the tunnel face. Some useful formulations for calculation of LDP have been developed based on the monitoring data on site or by 3D numerical simulations. However, the presented equations are only based on the tunnel dimensions and for different quality of rock masses proposed a unique LDP. In the present study, it is tried to present a new formulation, for calculation of LDP, on the basis of Rock mass quality. For this purpose, a comprehensive numerical simulation program was developed to investigate the effect of rock mass quality on the LDP. Results of the numerical modelling were analyzed and the least square technique was used for fitting an appropriate curve on the derived data from the numerical simulations. The proposed formulation in the present study, is a logistic function and the constants of the logistic function were predicted by rock mass quality index (GSI). Results of this study revealed that, the LDP curves of the tunnel surrounded by rock masses with high quality (GSI>60) match together; because the rock mass deformation varies over an elastic range.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.12B
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• pp.2249-2261
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• 1999

In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) for Multiprotocol Label Switching System. We review the implementation issues of LDP that is required to make a gigabit switched router, and propose a detail design of it. We present the data structures and procedures for the LDP as a result, which are based on IETF standard. We present design issues for applying this to carrier class products. The implemented protocol could afford 40,000 entries of the IP routing table that is required for deploying this system to commercialized data network. Furthermore this system implemented using the standard API of Unix, as a result, it has portability. By implementing LDP based on the international standard and these implementation issues, we expect that the implemented LDP will be interoperable with other commercialized products. We prove the validity of the design of the LDP through prototyping, and also verify the prototype with the specification using the process algebra and the performance analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.12B
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• pp.1051-1059
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• 2003

The key feature of GMPLS is the provision of network resources and the automatic set-up of a path. And the mechanism of protection and restoration of a path is presented when network component fails. This paper suggests CR-LDP Static Detour Mechanism and Dynamic Detour Mechanism. CR-LDP Detours are a mechanism to set up detour paths automatically at every node to protect working path. Hence suggested mechanism performance is compared with existing mechanisms by computer simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.53-58
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 작은 고정길이의 레이블에 의해 IP 패킷 forwarding을 수행하도록 하여 라우터에 비해 IP 패킷 처리 성능을 향상시키는 방안으로 제안된 MPLS에 대한 주요 특징을 설명하고, MPLS망에서의 트래픽 엔지니어링에 대해서는 LDP 방식을 확장한 CR-LDP 방식과 ER-LSP 설정 과정을 고찰하고, CR-LDP를 기반으로 하는 ER-LSP 설정 및 장애 복구 과정에 관한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 MPLS망에서 IP 패킷 전송 과정을 분석한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.402-404
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• 1999

인터넷 사용자의 기하 급수적인 증가로 고속 데이터 전성과 멀티미디어 서비스에 대한 요구사항이 증가하고 있다. MPLS는 이러한 요구사항에 부응하는 기술로 레이블이라는 짧고 고정된 길이의 식별자를 사용하여 패킷 포워딩을 하는 3계층 스위칭 방법이다. LDP는 MPLS 도메인 내에서 LSP를 설정하기 위해 FEC에 대한 레이블 바인딩과 매핑 결과를 분배하는 프로토콜이다. 현재 전 세계적으로 많은 ISP들이 LDP 개발을 진행 중인데, 본 논문은 서로 다른 환경에서도 상호 연동이 가능하도록 관리 블록과 상태 머신을 이용한 LD 구현에 관하여 기술한다.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.21-29
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• 2017

Accurate encoding of local patterns is a very important factor in texture classification. However, LBP based methods w idely studied have fundamental problems that are vulnerable to noise. Recently, LDP method using edge response and dire ction information was proposed in facial expression recognition. LDP is more robust to noise than LBP and can accommod ate more information in it's pattern code, but it has drawbacks that it is sensitive to rotation transforms that are critical to texture classification. In this paper, we propose a new local pattern coding method called Rotation Invariant Local Direc tional Pattern, which combines rotation-invariant transform to LDP. To prove the texture classification performance of the proposed method in this paper, texture classification was performed on the widely used UIUC and CUReT datasets. As a result, the proposed RILDP method showed better performance than the existing methods.