• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.355-375
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• 2022

In this study, LCA based on EU PAS 2050 and Product Category Rules (PCR) was conducted for steel products with the highest proportion of Korea's exports to the EU among the carbon border adjustment items that were passed by the EU Parliament in June and applied to imports from 2025. Carbon emissions were calculated by (ISO 14040) analysis. As a result of the analysis, the total emission is 394,000 tons, and when converted to the EU ETS weekly price, it is 39,000.000 euros, which is about 5% of the export amount of 734 million dollars. This is the same effect as a 5% tariff increase. This study applies international standards in calculating the carbon footprint and provides information that is closest to the expected amount to be imposed in the future EU CBAM, providing the effect of enabling exporters to establish trade strategies and international competitiveness measures in advance.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.13
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• pp.199-210
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• 2008

Nous tentons ici d'une analyse esthetique sur le film d'animation francais "Renaissance". Le film d'animation est un genre du recit d'images. L'on no peut donc le traiter simplement comme les chaines des images sans I'histoire, ni comme I'histoire sans les images. Nous essaions de trouver dans notre etude, un meddle d'analyse sur le film d'animation. L'acces y est commece par expliquer le context du film et son resume de I'histoire. Ensuite, nous travaillons sur les caracteristiques produites par des images(noir et blanc) et des techniques(motion capture). Elles sont considerees comme les traits expressifs, ou les trails formels. Troisiement, on analysr des codes des genres et des sens implicites qui sont presentes dans le film. Apres aborder tous ces prises on comptes, nous les synthetisons dans ie principe d'esthetique. lci, celui-ci est figure comme un accord entre les caractedristiques formelless et les contenus traites. Mais le film n'arrive pas a cette concordance. L'avancee technique et le plaisir visuel que le film nous donne ne sont pourtant pas meprisable memo si I'objectif esthetique du film no s'acheve sur un echec. Notre etude est un peu large afin d'analyser les detailes du film. Nous laisssons cette faiblesss a un autre travail du futur, on etant content sur l'etude qui pout servir a analyser un film d'animation, mame un peu grossierement.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 1997

Lipocortin 1 has been proposed as a putative mediator of anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids. We investigated the role of lipocortin 1 in the effect of dexamethasone using rat splenic leukocytes. Concanavalin A(ConA; 1 ${\mu}g/ml$) increased the leukocyte proliferation and nitric oxide(NO) generation, which were measured as $[^3H]-thymidine$ uptake by the cells and nitrite accumulation in the culture media, respectively. Dexamethasone suppressed ConA-induced cell proliferation, in a concentration-dependent manner with $EC_{50}$ around 50nM. The addition of anti-lipocortin l(Anti-LCl) reversed dexamethasone effects: 0.24, 1.2, 6 ${\mu}g/ml$ of Anti-LC1 reversed dexamethasone(50 nM)-induced suppression of thymidine uptake by $9{\pm}3%$, $16{\pm}3%$, $36{\pm}5%$, respectively; 0.24, 1.2, and 6 ${\mu}g/ml$ of Anti-LCI reversed dexa-methasone-induced decrease of nitrite concentration by $49{\pm}16%$, $61{\pm}20%$, $77{\pm}19%$, respectively. The present data indicate that lipocortin 1 mediates, at least in part, glucocorticoids-induced suppression of leukocyte proliferation and blockade of NO generation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.51-61
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• 2018

Transportation and storage technologies, which are key drivers for trade, has increased global trade of agricultural products about 165% from 1995 to 2015. Korea imports 76.2% of grain from major food exporters such as USA, Australia, Brazil, and China. The expected long shipping distances from these countries can seriously cause environmental impacts on various environmental categories such as climate change, particulate matter, and acidification. The goal of this study is to assess the environmental implications focused on greenhouse gases (GHGs) and particulate matters (PMs) emissions of imported grains (wheat, corn, and bean) using food miles analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA). The environmental impacts of imported crops are estimated by transportation modes using the national LCI database provided by Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI). The results of this study are as follows; (1) Imported wheat comes from USA (29%), AUS (27%), and URK (20%), corn is imported from USA (34%), BRA (29%), and URK (16%), and bean comes from BRA (57%), USA (40%), and CHN (2%); (2) the food miles of imported crops (wheat, corn, and bean) are 3.62E+10, 1.30E+11, and $2.20E+10ton{\cdot}km$, respectively; (3) the potential GHGs and PMs of wheat, corn, and bean are 5.02E+08, 1.67E+09, and 2.84E+08 kg $CO_2e$ and 5.89E+05, 1.83E+06, 3.07E+05 kg $PM_{10}e$, respectively. The outputs of this study could provide environmental impacts and carrying distances of imported agricultural products for preparing a plan to reduce environmental impacts.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.5B
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• pp.264-273
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• 2005

Nowadays the integration of heterogeneous wireless networks become a hot issue in communications research area. Especiall,y, 3G and WiBro interworking will be introduced soon as users can be offered the most suitable service according to service area and service providers can reduce network construction and operation expenses. In this paper, we propose an interworking scheme for fast handoff between 3G and WiBro networks. The SCI (Smoothly Coupled Integration) scheme proposed in this paper takes advantages of the existing LCI (Loosely Coupled Integration) and TCI (Tightly Coupled Integration) scheme and can offer seamless services by providing fast handoff between 3G and WiBro although each network may work independently. Through extensive computer simulations using OPNET, the efficiency of the proposed scheme has been validated.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.537-543
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• 2014

As environmental matters such as Green House Effect rise, many construction industries are putting an effort on minimizing environmental impact in terms of building life cycle throughout the world. However, in South Korea, evaluating the eco-friendly building based on life cycle assessment has been facing an academic ostracism while the most studies are focusing on assessing the 6 environmental impact assessments of passive apartment based on life cycle assessment. The theoretical consideration of the life cycle assessment and environmental impact category were performed and the direction of the study was set up. Also, existing apartment and passive apartment, which had same structure and same type were chosen and building materials per unit area were compared to find out the difference environmental impact for building life cycle. As a result, passive apartment was rated as low level among the 6 environmental impacts. Also, effect of building material on passive apartment was more important than its operational stage.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.7-14
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• 2017

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of aqueous extract from roots of Siberian ginseng on mTORC1 pathway. Methods: mTORC1 activity was measured by the phosphorylation status of p70 S6 kinase (S6K) in HeLa cells as well as the brain, liver and muscle tissues in diabetic db/db mice. Autophagy induction after the treatment of Siberian ginseng extract was evaluated by monitoring the conversion of cytoplasmic LC3I into lipidated LC3II in cultured human HeLa GFP-LC3 cells. Cell cycle analysis was performed in HeLa cells treated with Siberian ginseng using flow cytometry. Results: Among >2,800 plant products used for oriental medicine, Siberian ginseng was found to inhibit mTORC1 to phosphorylate S6 kinsase (S6K) in HeLa cells as well as the brain, liver and muscle tissues in diabetic db/db mice. Siberian ginseng-mediated mTORC1 activity was reversible unlike the prolonged suppression of mTORC1 by rapamycin when HeLa cells were grown in fresh media after the removal of the inhibitors. Siberian ginseng extract at concentrations to inhibit mTORC1 was not overly cytotoxic in cultured HeLa cells whereas rapamycin was obviously cytotoxic. The conversion of cytoplasmic LCI into lipidated LCII was increased by fivefold in HeLa GFP-LC3 cells treated with Siberian ginseng extract. Progression of cell cycle was attenuated at G2/M phase by the treatment of Siberian ginseng extract. Conclusions: These results suggest that the aqueous extract of Siberian ginseng possibly plays a good therapeutic role in various diseases involving mTORC1 signaling.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.6 s.28
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• pp.152-159
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• 2005

Since Lean Construction has been introduced as a new management approach to improve productivity in the construction industry, much research is in progress to develop lean concepts and principles for better implementation and to get results of the successful adaptation of lean ideas from manufacturing for application in the construction industry. Currently, Lean Construction Institute developed Last Planner System to achieve better workflow and effective planning management. Domestic construction companies are also getting interested in the Lean Construction. However, there are no detailed guidelines how to implement lean system. Thus, this study will provide a guideline for deployment of last planner system, a prototype lean implementation control checklist, and all project participants roles based on the case studies in USA. This study should provide a framework to apply lean construction to domestic construction sites.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.722-726
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• 2006

Last Planner System (LPS) developed by Lean Construction Institute consists of four steps: Master Schedule, Phase Schedule, Lookahead Planning and Weekly Work Plan. This paper focuses on the process of measuring Percent of Plan Completed (PPC) at the Weekly Work Plan stage. PPC means the percentage of weekly assignments completed. According to the results of the researches that deal with PPC from many other countries, we can assure the benefits of using PPC. However, the concept of PPC is unfamiliar in Korea construction industry. This paper analyzes the cases in which PPC is applied in other countries and compares them with the production control system in Korean construction industry. The results of this research will provide the time management system for using PPC in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 2011

● The current world is suffering abnormal climate caused by global warming. The main cause of global warming is greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide. The carbon labeling system and carbon traceability system being pushed ahead in the agricultural sector is the policy for responding to climate change to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To make this policy more effective and enhanced, the amount of carbon emissions should be calculated based on the kind of crops or the various businesses in the agricultural sector. Therefore, in order to estimate the accurate amount of carbon emissions, it is necessary to establish carbon dioxide emission intensity of various agricultural materials added onto the agriculture, and to calculate the amount of carbon dioxide emission for each crop according to agricultural production. The purpose of this study is to establish the amount of emission, emission per agricultural materials, of agricultural materials being added for crop production as a basic step, and emission intensity which can be used in the future market in order to estimate accurate amount of carbon emission in all the policies being promoted in the agricultural sector. Therefore, in this study, in order to build LCI D/B about organic fertilizers among many organic materials added onto the organic agriculture sector, one leading company in organic fertilizer production was selected and LCA was conducted for this leading company. We had to build the intensity and integrated average concept of intensity upon the two cases once production farmers for their own consumption and farms besides organic fertilizer company were categorized even if it's little amount. But in this study, individually produced organic fertilizers were excluded. Calculated results are following. Carbon emission of mixed expeller cake fertilizer in organic fertilizer was 1,106,966.89kg-$CO^2$ and emission intensity was 0.01606kg-$CO^2$, respectively. Total emission of mixed organic fertilizers was 241,523.2kg-$CO^2$ and emission intensity was 0.01705kg-$CO^2$. And total emission of organic compound fertilizers was 94,592.66kg-$CO^2$ and emission intensity was 0.01769kg-$CO^2$, respectively.