• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.173-180
• /
• 2008

Cotton, wool, cotton/wool blended (80:20) and tencel fabrics were treated with low temperature oxygen plasma, enzymes (cellulase or protease), or oxygen plasma-enzyme and they were examined for dyeing and handling properties for environment friendly finishing. The appropriate conditions for cellulase treatment were enzyme concentration of 3g/l, pH of 5, and $60^{\circ}C$ for one hour, and for protease treatment were enzyme concentration of 4g/l, pH of 8, and $60^{\circ}C$ for one hour. The equilibrium uptake of a direct dye on cotton changed with plasma treatment and plasma-cellulase treatment, and the rate of dyeing slightly decreased. When wool was dyed with acid dye, the equilibrium dye uptake did not change with plasma, protease treatment nor plasma-protease treatment, however, the rate of dyeing had increased with plasma-protease treatment. From these results, it is assumed that plasma attacks the surface of the fiber, and enzyme mainly affects the inner part of the fiber. Plasma treatment did not affect mechanical properties related to the handling of fabrics. The handling test showed increased extension at maxmum load(EM), tensile energy(WT) with decreased tensile resilience (RT), and the fabrics became softer but resilience decreased slightly with enzyme treatment. The bending recidity(B), hysteresis of bending moment(2HB), and hysteresis of shear force at five degrees(2HG5) decreased, however, shear stiffness(G) increased. I knew the plasma pre-treatment made fabrics softer with lower koshi(stiffness). The handling of plasma pre-treated fabrics was better than that of enzyme-treated fabrics. When we pre-treated fabrics, the handling test showed decreased coefficient of friction(MIU), geometrical roughness(SMD), while the surface of fabrics became smoother and numeri increased. Even though compression resilience(RC) increased, fukurami(bulky property) and compressive elasticity, decreased due to the linearity of compression-thickness curve(LC) and compression energy(WC).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.3293-3298
• /
• 2012

The present study was conducted to evaluate in vivo anticancer activity of two novel mononuclear ruthenium(II) compounds, namely Ru(1,10-phenanthroline)$_2$(2-nitro phenyl thiosemicarbazone)$Cl_2$(Compound $R_1$) and Ru (1,10-phenanthroline)$_2$(2-hydroxy phenyl thiosemicarbazone)$Cl_2$(Compound $R_2$) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) mice and in vitro cytotoxic activity against IEC-6 (small intestine) cell lines and Artemia salina nauplii using MTT [(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)] and BLT [brine shrimp lethality] assays respectively. The tested ruthenium compounds at the doses 2 and 4 mg/kg body weight showed promising biological activity especially in decreasing the tumor volume, viable ascites cell counts and body weights. These compounds prolonged the life span (% ILS), mean survival time (MST) of mice bearing-EAC tumor. The results for in vitro cytotoxicity against IEC-6 cells showed the ruthenium compound $R_2$ to have significant cytotoxic activity with a $IC_{50}$ value of $20.0{\mu}g/mL$ than $R_1$ ($IC_{50}=78.8{\mu}g/mL$) in the MTT assay and the $LC_{50}$ values of $R_1$ and $R_2$ compounds were found to be 38.3 and $43.8{\mu}g/mL$ respectively in the BLT assay. The biochemical and histopathological results revealed that there was no significant hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity associated with the ruthenium administration to mice.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.129-141
• /
• 1995

Composite resin and glass-ionomer cement can be used for the purpose of repair of defective amalgam restoration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate of shear bond strength of esthetic restorative materials to dental amalgam. The materials used in this study were Photo Clearfil Bright(light curing composite resin), Clearfil F II(chemical curing composite resin), Fuji II LC(light curing glass-ionomer cement), Fuji II (chemical curing glass-ionomer cement), All-Bond 2(intermediary), and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (intermediary). A total of 120 acrylic cylinders with amalgam were divided into 8 groups After amalgam condensation, all specimens were stored for 48 hours in water at $37^{\circ}C$ and tested with Instron universal testing machine between amalgam and composite resins and glass-ionomer cements. The data were analyzes statiscally by ANOVA and Duncan test. The following results obtained ; 1. The shear bond strength of bonded composite resin to amalgam was higher than bonded glass-ionomer cement(P<.001). 2. The group 4 had highest shear bond strength with 15.45kgf/$cm^2$ and the group 5 had lowest shear bond strenght with 3.26kgf/$cm^2$(P<.001). 3. In the group 3, 4, 5, 6, the group 3, 4 with All-Bond 2 had higher shear bond strength than the group 5, 6 with Scotch bond MP both in light-curing and in chemical curing. 4. Both in composite resin and glass-ionomer cement, chemical curing materials had higher shear bond stength than light curing materials(P<.001).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.372-383
• /
• 1995

The staining tendency of esthetic restorative material was very important factor for the people who are great concern about the esthetics. Most external stains were superficial and adjustable by routine prophylactic procedure. But some of these stains were remained under superficial stain. Some of these stains were accumulative on external tooth surface and it's removal alter the anatomic contour of restoration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the staining tendency of esthetic restorative materials to staining solution. In this study two glass-ionomer cements (Fuji II Glass-Ionomer Cement and Fuji II LC Glass-Ionomer Cement) and three composite resins (Sil$\ddot{u}$x Plus, APH and P-50) were evaluated and compared. Total 8 disc-shaped specimens of each material (17mm diameter, Imm thick) were immersed in coffee staining solution. These specimens were divided into one control and 3 experimental groups according to the immersion period as follows : Control: immersed in distilled water during each testing period Group 1 : immersed in staining solution for 6 hours Group 2 : immersed in staining solution for 24 hours Group 3 : immersed in staining solution for 72 hours Staining tendency was evaluated by total color difference(${\Delta}E^*$) of specimen before and after staining by spectorcolorimeteric readings (ColorQUEST Spectrophotometer, U.SA.). The results were as follows : 1. The total color differences of each testing materials were increased with time. 2. Among the experimental groups, the Fuji II Glass Ionomer Cement showed the highest total color difference(6.803) and the Silux Plus showed the lowest total color difference(1.637). 3. In comparison of glass ionomer cements, the total color difference of chemical cured glass ionomer cements(6.803) were higher than light cured glass ionomer cements(3.891) (P<0.01). 4. In comparison of composite resins, the P-50 showed the highest total color difference and the Silux Plus showed the lowest total color difference, but there was not significant difference among composite resins(P>0.05).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.494-500
• /
• 2010

Bacterial blight, an important and potentially destructive bacterial disease in rice, is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae. Recently, this organism has developed resistance to available antibiotics, prompting scientists to find a suitable alternative. This study focused on secondary metabolites of Phomopsis longicolla to target X. oryzae. Five bioactive compounds were isolated by activity-guided fractionation from ethyl acetate extracts of mycelia and were identified by LC/MS and NMR spectroscopy as dicerandrol A, dicerandrol B, dicerandrol C, deacetylphomoxanthone B, and fusaristatin A. This is the first time fusaristatin A has been isolated from Phomopsis sp. Deacetylphomoxanthone B showed a higher antibacterial effect against X. oryzae KACC 10331 than the positive control (2,4-diacetyphloroglucinol). Dicerandrol A also showed high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and yeast (Candida albicans). In addition, high production yields of these compounds were obtained at the stationary and death phases.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.203-208
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of acalculous cholecystitis after multiple trauma with fractures and to analyze the characteristics of cholecystitis. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of multiple trauma patients with fractures between April 2010 and April 2012. Sixty- nine patients were identified, and the average age was 46.8(range: 15-74) years. Data were collected regarding associated injury, injury severity score (ISS), the diagnosis time after trauma, diagnostic tool, and management Results: There were three cases(4.3%) of cholecystitis among the 69 cases, and cholecystitis was diagnosed an average of 20.7(range: 8-33) days after injury. Two patients complained of abdominal pain at diagnosis, but the other patient who had undergone surgery for small bowel perforation at the time of the injury had no abdominal pain. All three patients had abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) at diagnosis. The cholecystitis was confirmed with ultrasonography or computed tomography, and all cases were acalculous cholecystitis. At first, percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage was performed; then, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was tried an average of 12(range: 11-13) days later. An laparoscopic cholecystectomy was successfully done in only one case, the other cases being converted to an open cholecystectomy due to severe inflammation. Conclusion: The incidence of acaculous cholecystitis was 4.3% after multiple trauma with fractures. We should consider cholecystitis in patients with abdominal pain, fever and elevated LFTs after multiple trauma.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.313-322
• /
• 2013

Previous studies have demonstrated that repeated administration of the exogenous stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) induces dysregulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and results in depression and anxiety. The current study sought to verify the impact of catechin (CTN) administration on chronic CORT-induced behavioral alterations using the forced swimming test (FST) and the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Additionally, the effects of CTN on central noradrenergic systems were examined by observing changes in neuronal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in rat brains. Male rats received 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg CTN (i.p.) 1 h prior to a daily injection of CORT for 21 consecutive days. The activation of the HPA axis in response to the repeated CORT injections was confirmed by measuring serum levels of CORT and the expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in the hypothalamus. Daily CTN administration significantly decreased immobility in the FST, increased open-arm exploration in the EPM test, and significantly blocked increases of TH expression in the locus coeruleus (LC). It also significantly enhanced the total number of line crossing in the open-field test (OFT), while individual differences in locomotor activities between experimental groups were not observed in the OFT. Taken together, these findings indicate that the administration of CTN prior to high-dose exogenous CORT significantly improves helpless behaviors, possibly by modulating the central noradrenergic system in rats. Therefore, CTN may be a useful agent for the treatment or alleviation of the complex symptoms associated with depression and anxiety disorders.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.872-878
• /
• 2004

Food products selected based on their annual sales and international acrylamide research data were analyzed for quantitation of acrylamide. Samples including raw food, substitute meal, snack, drink, and sauce products were analyzed by LC/MS/MS methods adopted by PDA. Upon comparison, concentrations of acrylamide in these products were similar to those analyzed in other countries.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the potential embryo-fetal toxicity and toxicokinetics of the antimalarial agent artesunate (ARTS) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pregnant rats were administered ARTS daily from gestational day 6~15 via oral gavage, at test doses of 0, 2, 4, or 8 mg/kg (22 females per group). The fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities on gestational day 20. With regard to the dams, there were no deaths, treatment-related clinical signs, changes in body weight, or food intake in any of the treatment groups. There were no treatment-related gross findings at necropsy in any treatment group. In the 8 mg/kg group, there was a decrease in gravid uterine weight and in the weight of female fetuses. There was also an increase in fetal deaths (primarily late resorptions) and an increase in post-implantation losses (37%) at 8 mg/kg. An increase in the incidence of visceral and skeletal variations at 4 and 8 mg/kg was observed. These defects included minor changes in the appearance of the kidney and thymus, as well as absent ribs or thoracic vertebrae. Toxicokinetics were assessed in a parallel study, using 4 mated females per group. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, the concentration of ARTS and its metabolite dihydroartemisinin (DHA) were quantified in plasma from rats on gestational days 5, 6, 10, and 15. Amniotic fluid was assayed for ARTS and DHA on gestational day 15. There was evidence of rapid conversion of ARTS to the metabolite DHA in maternal plasma, since ARTS could not be consistently detected in plasma at the three doses tested. ARTS and DHA were not detected in amniotic fluid at gestational day 15, indicating limited placental transfer of the two agents. The embryo-fetal no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the test item was considered to be 8 mg/kg/day for dams, and 2 mg/kg/day for embryo-fetal development.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2017

In clinical diagnosis, it's well known that the abnormal level of uric acid (UA) in human body is implicated in diverse human diseases, for instance, chronic heart failure, gouty arthritis, diabetes, and so on. As a primary method, an isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) has been used to obtain the accurate quantity of UA in blood or serum and also develop the certificated reference material (CRM) so as to provide a SI-traceability to clinical laboratories. Due to the low solubility of UA in water, an ammonium hydroxide ($NH_4OH$) has been considered as a promising solvent to increase the solubility of UA that enables the preparation of both UA and its isotope standard solution for next IDMS-based absolute quantification. But, because of using this $NH_4OH$ solvent, it gives rise to the unwanted degradation of UA. In this study, we sought to optimize condition for the stability of UA in $NH_4OH$ solution by varying the mole ratios of UA to $NH_4OH$, followed by ID-LC-MRM analysis. In addition, we also inspected minutely the effect of the storage temperatures. Additionally, we also performed the quantitative analysis of UA in the KRISS serum certificated reference material (CRM, 111-01-02A) with diverse mixing ratios of UA to $NH_4OH$ and then compared those values to its certification value. Based on our experiments, adjusting the mole ratio of 1/2 ($UA/NH_4OH$) with the storage temperature of $-20^{\circ}C$ is an effective way to secure both the solubility and stability of UA in $NH_4OH$ solution for next IDMS-based quantification of UA in serum.