• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.2C
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• pp.109-116
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• 2006

Many application scenarios of ultra-wideband(UWB) radio assume non-line-of-sigit(non-LoS) signal propagations. Through-material propagation of UWB signal introduces a distortion of the waveform as well as attenuation, which will introduce a decrease of the correlation coefficient between the correlator template and the received signal. A hypothesis test approach to selection of the template waveform for UWB rake receivers is posed. Linde-Buzo-Gray(LBG) algorithm is used to select the candidate waveforms which are used to setup the hypothesis test. The performance of the algorithm is tested using a set of indoor non-LoS propagation measurement data.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.4E
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• pp.123-127
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a new method for reducing the number of distance calculations in the LBG (Linde, Buzo, Gray) algorithm, which is widely used method to construct a codebook in vector quantization of speech recognition system. The proposed algorithm can reduce the distance calculation between input vector and codeword by utilizing the observation that codewords are quickly stabilized as the number of iteration increases. From the simulation results, it is shown that we can reduce the running times over $43.77\%$ on average in comparison with current LBG algorithm without sacrificing the performance of codebook.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2013

In this paper, properties of pattern using LBG (Linde-Buzo-Gray) Algorithm was explored including the exactness of K-means algorithm and process time of EM (Expectation Maximization) algorithm in order to develop analysis algorithm of partial discharge pattern in a cable using acoustic data analysis system. Partial discharge was measured by generating inner fault due to lamination of XLPE which is used for cable insulation material. Discharge pattern was analysed by changing the number of swarm article to 2, 4, and 6 in order to interpret swarm structure and properties.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2E
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• pp.33-38
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• 1996

This paper provides an approach for representing an optimum vector quantizer by a scalar nonlinear gain-plus-additive noise model. The validity and accuracy of this analytic model is confirmed by comparing the calcuated model quantization errors with actual simulation of the optimum Linde-Buzo-Gray(LBG) vector quantizer. Using this model we frm MSE measure of an M-band filter bank codec in terms of the equivalent scalar quantizatin model and find the optimum FIR filter coefficients for each channel in the M-band structure for a given bit rate, given filter length, and given input signal correlation model. Specific design examples are worked out for 4-tap filters in the two-band paraunitary case. These theoretical results are confirmed by extensive Monte Carlo simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.04c
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• pp.241-243
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• 2003

일반적으로 사용되는 반도체 공정에 대한 진단 기법은 한 공정을 진행하기 전에 테스트 공정을 수행하여 공정의 진행 여부를 결정하고, 한 공정의 진행을 완료한 후에 다시 테스트 공정을 수행하여 공정의 결과를 진단하는 방법이다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 실시간 자동 진단 시스템은 기존 방법의 문제점인 자원의 낭비를 막고, 실시간으로 진단함으로써 시간의 낭비를 막는 진단 시스템을 제안한다. 실시간 자동 진단 시스템은 크게 시스템 초기화 단계, 학습 단계 그리고 예측 단계로 나누어진다. 초기화 단계는 진단할 공정에 대한 사전 입력값을 받아 시스템을 초기화하는 과정으로 공정장비 파라미터별 중요도 자동 설정 과정과 초기화 클러스터링으로 이루어진다. 학습 단계는 실시간으로 저장된 공정장치별 데이터와 계측기로부터 획득된 데이터를 이용하여 최적의 유사 클래스를 결정하는 단계와 결정된 유사 클래스를 이용하여 가중치를 학습하는 단계로 나누어진다. 예측 단계는 공정 진행 중 획득된 실시간 데이터를 학습 단계에서 결정된 파라미터별 가중치를 사용하여 공정에 대한 진단을 한다. 본 시스템에서 사용하는 클러스터링 알고리즘은 DTW(Dynamic Time Warping)를 이용하여 파라미터 데이터에 대한 특징을 추출하고 LBG(Linde, Buzo and Gray) 알고리즘을 사용하여 데이터를 군집화 한다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.675-678
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 음소별 코드북 개수의 선택과 벡터 양자화에 따른 음소 인식률과 고립단어 인식률에 대하여 다룬다. 음성모델은 이산 확률 밀도를 갖는 DHMM(Discrete Hidden Markov Model)을 사용하였으며, 코드북 생성과 벡터 양자화 알고리즘으로는 K-means 알고리즘과 LBG(Linde, Buzo, Gray) 알고리즘을 사용하였다 음소별 코드북 개수와 벡터 양자화를 최적화함으로써 음소 인식률을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 그 결과 안정된 고립단어 인식률을 얻을 수 있다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2003

This paper deals with the problem of channel identification for Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) slow fading channels using clustering algorithms. Due to the intrinsic memory of the discrete-time model of the channel, over short observation periods, the received data vectors of the SIMO model are spread in clusters because of the AWGN noise. Each cluster is practically centered around the ideal channel output labels without noise and the noisy received vectors are distributed according to a multivariate Gaussian distribution. Starting from the Markov SIMO channel model, simultaneous maximum ikelihood estimation of the input vector and the channel coefficients reduce to one of obtaining the values of this pair that minimizes the sum of the Euclidean norms between the received and the estimated output vectors. Viterbi algorithm can be used for this purpose provided the trellis diagram of the Markov model can be labeled with the noiseless channel outputs. The problem of identification of the ideal channel outputs, which is the focus of this paper, is then equivalent to designing a Vector Quantizer (VQ) from a training set corresponding to the observed noisy channel outputs. The Linde-Buzo-Gray (LBG)-type clustering algorithms [1] could be used to obtain the noiseless channel output labels from the noisy received vectors. One problem with the use of such algorithms for blind time-varying channel identification is the codebook initialization. This paper looks at two critical issues with regards to the use of VQ for channel identification. The first has to deal with the applicability of this technique in general; we present theoretical results for the conditions under which the technique may be applicable. The second aims at overcoming the codebook initialization problem by proposing a novel approach which attempts to make the first phase of the channel estimation faster than the classical codebook initialization methods. Sample simulation results are provided confirming the effectiveness of the proposed initialization technique.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.3
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• pp.709-716
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• 2004

This paper describes an intelligent real-time monitoring system of a semiconductor processing equipment, which determines normal or not for a wafer in processing, using multiple time-series pattern recognition. The proposed system consists of three phases, initialization, learning and real-time prediction. The initialization phase sets the weights and tile effective steps for all parameters of a monitoring equipment. The learning phase clusters time series patterns, which are producted and fathered for processing wafers by the equipment, using LBG algorithm. Each pattern has an ACI which is measured by a tester at the end of a process The real-time prediction phase corresponds a time series entered by real-time with the clustered patterns using Dynamic Time Warping, and finds the best matched pattern. Then it calculates a predicted ACI from a combination of the ACI, the difference and the weights. Finally it determines Spec in or out for the wafer. The proposed system is tested on the data acquired from etching device. The results show that the error between the estimated ACI and the actual measurement ACI is remarkably reduced according to the number of learning increases.