• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.940-944
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• 1998

This research was performed to investigate the effect of Codonopsis lanceolata water extracted on the levels of lipid in serum and liver of rats fed high fat diet for 6 weeks. Experimental groups were divided into normal group(NF), high fat diet group(HF), high fat diet and Codonopsis lanceolata water extract treated group(HFW). Codonopsis lanceolata water extract was orally administrated at the level of 0.1ml/100g body weight per day. Body weight gain and feed intake were not significantly different in three groups, but feed efficiency ratio was increased in HF and HFW. The weights of liver, kidney, heart were not significantly different among the groups. The level of serum total lipid was higher in HF than NF, but Codonopsis lanceolata water extract decreased the level of the lipid. The levels of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly increased in HF, but they were significantly decreased by administration of Codonopsis lanceolata water extract. The levels of serum HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid were slightly increased by Codonopsis lanceolata water extract. Codonopsis lanceolata water extract significantly decreased the levels of liver total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol which were increased by high fat diet.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.169-169
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• 2017

Medium composition plays a key role on influencing organogenesis in plant tissue culture. This study was carried out to examine the effects of medium composition on organogenesis in diploid and tetraploid Codonopsis lanceolata and obtain in-vitro mass propagation of superior species of C. lanceolata. Diploid C. lanceolata was found to be declined regarding MS medium composition for each concentration. However, shoot and adventitious root formation were suppressed with higher mineral salt concentration, and active growth of shoot and adventitious root was exhibited as 4.9 cm and 3.2 cm respectively in 1/2 MS medium. While in tetraploid C. lanceolata, it showed 2.9 cm and 3.2 cm respectively in 1/4 MS medium. In the case of sucrose concentration, no consistent decrease was observed for growth of shoot and the adventitious root of diploid both at high and low concentration. The growth of shoot (at 3% concentration) and adventitious root (at 7% concentration) was 2.3 cm and 2.0 cm respectively. Although there was no difference in shoot formation of tetraploid C. lanceolata in all concentrations with the range of 1.7~1.8, there was a slight decrease in shoot growth at high concentration. Results revealed that the adventitious root formation was suppressed at high concentration. The concentration of agar exhibited no significant difference in shoot formation of diploid C. lanceolata at all concentrations. The maximum result of adventitious growth (4.1 cm) was observed at 0.8% concentration. Slight inhibition of shoot formation and root formation of tetraploid C. lanceolata was observed at higher concentration. Shoot formation of diploid C. lanceolata also exhibited inhibition at higher concentration. Shoot formation of diploid C. lanceolata was increased at lower pH and shoot growth was the highest (2.3 cm) at pH 3.8. Adventitious root formation was higher at lower pH. However, both the adventitious root formation and growth exhibited comparatively higher result at pH 5.8. Taken together, the levels of pH had an effect on shoot and root formation in diploid and tetraploid of C. lanceolata

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.292-292
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of anti-obesity and antioxidant enzyme activities in vitro by different solvent fractions from the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata. The cytotoxicity of different solvent fractions of C. lanceolata on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were evaluated using the MTT assay, the rate of cell survival progressively decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Butyl alcohol fraction at $200{\mu}g/mL$ exhibited a pronounced cytotoxic effect (75.73%) on 3T3-L1 cell comparable to that of the hexane fraction (79.82%), methylene chloride fraction (84.02%), ethyl acetate fraction (87.62%) and DW fraction (86.30%) at the same concentration. The Oil Red O solution was used to determine whether different solvent fractions of C. lanceolata induce adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Confluent 3T3-L1 cells were treated with $50{\mu}g/mL$ concentration of solvent fraction extracts from C. lanceolata. Inhibitory degree of lipid accumulation against solvent fraction extracts showed a significant level compared with the control. Both lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation showed relatively high effect on methyl chloride fraction. The root extract of C. lanceolata had the highest SOD enzyme activity of 84.5% in ethyl acetate partition layer and while water partition layer of diploid showed the lowest SOD enzyme activity of 57.9%. The activity of CAT, APX and POD showed a significantly higher activity in ethyl acetate partition layer compared with the other fraction. These results suggested that the roots of C. lanceolata may assist in the potential biological activity on anti-obesity and antioxidant capacity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2014

Alzheimer's disease is progressive neurodegenerative disorder by the loss of memory and learning abilities. Codonopsis lanceolata (C. lanceolata) is traditional medicinal plant used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of steamed C. lanceolata on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. In addition, this study investigated the neuroprotective effects of steamed C. lanceolata on glutamate-induced cell death in HT22 cells using MTT assay. The results showed that steamed C. lanceolata (500 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) reversed spatial memory impairment by scopolamine in Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. Steamed C. lanceolata attenuated memory impairment by scopolamine compared with common C. lanceolata. In addition, administration of steamed C. lanceolata significantly also reduced cell death. We suggest that steaming process more improve cognitive enhancing and neuroprotective effect of C. lanceolata than common C. lanceolata.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1181-1186
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Codonopsis lanceolata extract on the activities of antioxidative enzymes in carbon tetrachloride treated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed until they reached about 110$\pm$10g body weight. Thereafter they were divided into normal group(N), carbon tetrachloride treated group(T), carbon tetrachloride and Codonopsis lanceolata water extract treated group(TW). Normal group were fed standard diet and carbon tetrachloride treated group were fed carbon tetrachloride once a week at the level of 0.12ml/100g body weight. Carbon tetrachloride and Codonopsis lanceolata water extract treated group were fed carbon tetrachloride once a week at the level of 0.12ml/100g body weight and Codonopsis lanceolata water extract at the level of 0.1ml/100g body weight once a day. The rats were sacrificed after 6weeks of feeding period. Content of hepatic cytochrome P-450 diminished by carbon tetrachloride was significantly increased by Codonopsis lanceolata water extract. Significant decrease in hepatic xanthine oxidase activity was found in rats treated with Codonopsis lanceolata water extract. The activity of superoxide dismutase was decreased by carbon tetrachloride, but it was significantly increased by Codonopsis lanceolata water exract. The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased by carbon tetrachloride was significantly decreased by Codonopsis lanceolata water extract. The activities of catalase and glutathione S-transferase were significantly influenced by Codonopsis lanceolata water extract. Contents of glutathione and lipid peroxide were increased by carbon tetrachloride, but they were significantly diminished by Codonopsis lanceolata water extract.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2013

According to previous reports, antioxidant activities of Codonopsis lanceolata could be increased by a steaming process. This study was performed to improve its antioxidant activity and skin whitening activities of C. lanceolata by high pressure and stepwise steaming complex process. The complex processed C. lanceolata showed highest free radical scavenging acitivity as 45.21%, and for phenol and flavonoid contents, complex processed C. lanceolata contained higher than those from conventional extraction process or steaming process alone. The Cytotoxicity of all C. lanceolata extracts also showed low cytotoxicity against human fibroblast cell (CCD-986sk) as 4.49 ~ 10.40%. In whitening activity, high inhibition of tyrosinase activity was estimated as 25.08% by adding the extracts from complex process. We found that whitening and antioxidant activity of complex processed C. lancolata extract was higher than those obtained from conventional extraction and a steaming process because various kinds of antioxidant compounds could be easily released by combined process, compared to one of each process.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.15-24
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• 2005

We investigated the changes of volatile flavor components from Codonopsis lanceolata, which were packed in woven polypropylene(WP) film or low density polyethylene(LDPE) film and stored for 15 and 30 days at refrigerated($2{\∼}4^{\circ}C$ ) or room($18{\∼}20^{\circ}C$) temperature. A hundred and sixty seven volatile flavor components in the fresh C. lanceolata were identified by GC/MS analysis. When determining the flavor components from C. lanceolata cultivated on a wild hill and stored at 4 conditions for 30days, six volatile components such as 1-hexadecene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-octanol, 2-methyl-2-dodecanol, $\alpha$-guaiene, $\delta$-cadinene and trans-2-hexen-1-ol were detected as common components of all stored samples, and The types of common flavor components of C. lanceolata were different according to storage conditions. The numbers were 16 from refrigerated, 7 from room temperature stored, and 10 components from WP or LDPE packed conditions, respectively. The total peak area ratio of the major 10 compounds were $52.0{\∼}86.8\%$, and the percentage of trans-2-hexen-1-ol, which was the only common compound among the major 10 components, was the highest as $26.4{\∼}68.1\%$ The major flavor profile, describe by highly trained panel, were green, aldehydic, earthy and camphoreous. As the result from sensory evaluation, the freshness of C. lanceolata was maintained better by controlling storage temperature rather than selection of package materials. The best condition for characteristic flavor of C. lanceolata was packing with LDPE and chilling.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

This study was conducted to develop optimal control tactics of the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, using cultural method and biological agents ｛Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Paecilomyces lilacinus and plant extract (Huhjunl)｝ in the fields of Codonopsis lanceolata. Germination of C. lanceolata was susceptible to fosthiazate, but not to Bt or a plant extract. In pot assay, the inhibitory effect of two microbial agents, Bt and Paecilomyces lilacinus, on M. hapla were significant, but less than that of fosthiazate. The plant extract also had significantly inhibitory effect on M. hapla. In field assay, treatments of P lilacinus and fosthiazate resulted in maximal yields and qualities of C. lanceolata. The effect of the plant extract on the yields of C. lanceolata was also better than no treatment. The nematode-occurring condition of the fields before transplanting had significant effect on development of C. lanceolata; nematode-occurring field type gave less yields than nematode-free field type. These results suggest that a cultural control technique using paddy field, microbial pesticides using Bt or P lilacinus, and the plant extract are the promising control tactics against M. hapla in C. lanceolata fields. As a field manual to decrease economical damage of C. lanceolata due to M. hapla, this study suggests that C. lanceolata can be cultured directly in paddy field or in upland field after nematode control using microbial agents or the plant extract.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.280-285
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• 2009

Both fresh Codonopsis lanceolata and lactic acid bacteria fermented Codonopsis lanceolata were extracted with water at $100^{\circ}C$, and tested for anticancer activity using several human cancer cell lines. The fermented extracts inhibited the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells up to 90%, compared to 75% for fresh Codonopsis lanceolata. The extracts of cytotoxicity on human normal lung cells (HEK293) were as low as 15%. Especially, human hepatocellular carcinoma cell were more efficiently inhibited than other cells. This extract also inhibited $\alpha$-glucosidase activity up to 60% at 1.0mg/$m{\ell}$. This fermented extracts showed the inhibition potency on tyrosinase by 25% at 1.0mg/$m{\ell}$. From the results, the fermented Codonopsis lanceolata enhanced several biological activities up to $20{\sim}30%$, compared to those from fresh Codonopsis lanceolata. It implies that fermentation process could be one of useful methods of utilizing low quality Codonopsis lanceolata. Because this process could yield high amounts of biologically active compounds by the help of microbial growth.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.8 no.1_2
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• pp.27-31
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• 2003

This study has been conducted to assess and analyze the damage of Codonopsis lanceolata by differential inoculation levels of Meloidogyne hapla in pot and plot. As the density of M. hapla increased, early growth of C. lanceolata was inhibited 60% in vine and 54% in root. However, growth of C. lanceolata was not remarkably different by density of M. hapla in the plot test. This result may be attribute to low density of M. hapla in the plot.