• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 2008

An actinomycetes F-97 producing tyrosinase inhibitor was isolated from soil samples. Isolation and purification of tyrosinase inhibitor produced by F-97 was performed as follows: IRC-120 ($NH_4^+$ type) column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, $C_{18}$ column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography were used successively after the centrifuged supernatant was adjusted to pH 4.0. To identify the purity of the inhibitor, octadecylsilyl(ODS) HPLC was carried out with 5% methanol as a mobile phase. Finally, the purification yield of a tyrosinase inhibitor was 5.24%. The inhibitor was very soluble in water, methanol and ethanol but insoluble in acetone, butanol, ethylacetate and chloroform. The ${\lambda}_{max}$ value of this inhibitor in water was 194nm under UV light. The biochemical test of the inhibitor was positive in Molish, Benedict, cone. $H_2SO_4$, and $KMnO_4$ tests but negative in iodine, ninhydrin, Million, Sakaguchi, xanthoproteic and Emerson tests. The tyrosinase inhibitor was stable against heat treatment of $100^{\circ}C$ for 50 minutes and pH $4{\sim}9$. The $IC_{50}$ value of this inhibitor was $19.2{\mu}g/ml$ for mushroom tyrosinase. In $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ inhibitor concentration, inhibition zone was 27 mm for Streptomyces bikiniensis NRRL B-1049. The inhibition of F-97 against mushroom tyrosinase was competitive with tyrosine.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.330-336
• /
• 2015

Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution was investigated using $TiO_2$ nanoparticles (Degussa P25) in this study. After a 3 hr photocatalytic reaction (${\lambda}=365nm$ and $I=3mW\;cm^{-2}$, $[TiO_2]=2.0g\;L^{-1}$), 98% of BPA ($1.0{\times}10^{-5}M$) was degraded and 89% of the total organic carbon was removed. In addition, BPA degradation by photolytic, hydrolytic and adsorption reactions was found to be 2%, 5% and 13%, respectively. The reaction rate of BPA degradation by photocatalysis decreased with increasing concentration of methanol that is used as a hydroxyl radical scavenger. This indicates that the reaction between BPA and hydroxyl radical was the key mechanism of BPA degradation. The pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant for this reaction was determined to be $7.94{\times}10^{-4}min^{-1}$, and the time for 90% BPA removal was found to be 25 min. In addition, acute toxicity testing using Daphnia magna neonates (< 24 h old) was carried out to evaluate the reduction of BPA toxicity. Acute toxicity (48 hr) to D. magna was decreased from 2.93 TU (toxic unit) to non-toxic after photocatalytic degradation of BPA for 3 hr. This suggests that there was no formation of toxic degradation products from BPA photocatalysis.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.355-360
• /
• 2009

In this study, the arylsulfatase gene (astA, 984 bp ORF) from Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora genome was expressed on the cell surface of S. cerevisiae by fusing with Aga2p linked to the membrane anchored protein, Aga1p. The constructed plasmid, pCTAST (7.1 kb), was introduced to S. cerevisiae EBY100 cell, and yeast transformants on YPDG plate showed the hydrolyzing activity for 4-methylumbelliferyl-sulfate and p-nitrophenyl-sulfate. When S. cerevisiae EBY100/pCTAST was grown on YPDG medium, the arylsulfatase activity of cell pellet reached about 1.2 unit/mL, whereas no extracellular arylsulfatase activity was detected. The DNA ladder in agarose prepared from agar by this recombinant arylsulfatase showed similar resolution and migration patterns with a commercial agarose. This results revealed that arylsulfatase expressed on the cell surface of S. cerevisiae could be applicable to the economic production of electrophoretic-grade agarose.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.515-525
• /
• 2020

Interferon (IFN)-λ plays an essential role in mucosal cells which exhibit strong antiviral activity. Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) has substantial application potential in the food and medical industries because of its probiotic properties. Alphacoronaviruses, especially porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), cause high morbidity and mortality in piglets resulting in economic loss. Co-infection by these two viruses is becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a new drug to prevent diarrhea infected with mixed viruses in piglets. In this study, we first constructed an anchored expression vector with CWA (C-terminal cell wall anchor) on L. plantarum. Second, we constructed two recombinant L. plantarum strains that anchored IFN-λ3 via pgsA (N-terminal transmembrane anchor) and CWA. Third, we demonstrated that both recombinant strains possess strong antiviral effects against coronavirus infection in the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line J2 (IPEC-J2). However, recombinant L. plantarum with the CWA anchor exhibited a more powerful antiviral effect than recombinant L. plantarum with pgsA. Consistent with this finding, Lb.plantarum-pSIP-409-IFN-λ3-CWA enhanced the expression levels of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) (ISG15, OASL, and Mx1) in IPEC-J2 cells more than did recombinant Lb.plantarum-pSIP-409-pgsA'-IFN-λ3. Our study verifies that recombinant L. plantarum inhibits PEDV and TGEV infection in IPEC-J2 cells, which may offer great potential for use as a novel oral antiviral agent in therapeutic applications for combating porcine epidemic diarrhea and transmissible gastroenteritis. This study is the first to show that recombinant L. plantarum suppresses PEDV and TGEV infection of IPEC-J2 cells.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.284-288
• /
• 2010

A series of experiments was carried out for selecting insecticides and determining proper spraying time to control pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum Linnaeus) in Jeonnam area. In the field trial two times spray with diazinon, carbaryl, imidacloprid, spinosad, etofenprox, clorpyrifos-methyl showed good control effect and threetimes spray showed the better control effect. The second spray (spraying on 10th of May) took the major role of insecticide effectiveness expression for controlling pea weevil. Further trial for selecting insecticides among organophosphates to control pea weevil in lab was conducted and every organophosphate insecticide tested was very effective to pea weevil even at the concentration of one forth of its recommending concentration.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.111-123
• /
• 2017

The phycocyanin pigment (PC) is a marker for cyanobacterial presence in eutrophic inland water. Accurate estimation of low PC concentration in turbid inland water is challenging due to the optical complexity and criticalforissuing an early warning of potentialrisks of cyanobacterial bloom to the public. To monitor cyanobacterial bloom in eutrophic inland waters, an approach is proposed to partition non-water absorption coefficient from measured reflectance and to retrieve absorption coefficient of PC with the aim of improving the accuracy in remotely estimated PC, in particular for low concentrations. The proposed inversion model retrieves absorption spectra of PC ($a_{pc}({\lambda})$) with $R^2{\geq}0.8$ for $a_{pc}(620)$. The algorithm achieved more accurate Chl-a and PC estimation with $0.71{\leq}R^2{\leq}0.85$, relative root mean square error (rRMSE) ${\leq}39.4%$ and mean relative error(RE) ${\leq}78.0%$ than the widely used semi-empirical algorithm for the same dataset. In particular, low PC ($PC{\leq}50mg/m^3$) and low PC: Chl-a ratio values of for all datasets used in this study were well predicted by the proposed algorithm.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.382-388
• /
• 2006

Physicochemical properties of chufa starch were investigated The result are summarized as follow: Moisture content crude protein and crude fat were 10.10%, 0.31% and 0.41,% respectively. Amylose content of chufa starch was 41.6% and blue value was 0.49. Lightness and whiteness of chufa starch was 96.36 and 92.23 of Hunter's color value. In iodine reaction, maximum absorbance wavelength (${\lambda}max$) was 628 nm. Water binding capacity was 83% and swelling power and solubility of chufa starch were increased slowly to $60^{\circ}C$, but increased rapidly after $60^{\circ}C$. Scanning election microscope(SEM) showed that granule type of chufa starch was round or elliptic type, and average granule size was $10{\mu}m$. The results by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) revealed that gelatinization patterns were similar to those of potato or rice starch. In rapid viscoanalyzer(RVA) examination, pasting temperature was $79.95^{\circ}C$ and peak viscosity of chufa starch was 385.08.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 2006

K/S values, Hue, Value, and Chroma changes of the hot-water and alkali extract of Boehmeria tricuspis have investigated to obtain an optimum dyeing conditions. Maximum optical absorption of the cotton, Hanji, and silk dyed with the extract were observed at 400 nm. The K/S value of the dyed silk was higher than those of other materials in the treatments with the temperature and time condition and there was not much changes in the treatments near $80\;^{\circ}C$ and 40 minutes. Also, the K/S value of the dyed silk was drastically increased as the concentration of the dye was increased. In the treatments with temperature and time condition, Hue of the materials dyed with alkali extracts resulted in YR color, whereas materials dyed with hot-water extracts provided R color. In the time and temperature condition of treatment, there were no significant changes in the samples treated near $80\;^{\circ}C$ and 40 minutes. The Value and Chroma of the dyed materials were not significantly changed. As a result, it is suggested that the optimum temperature, time, and concentration of dye would be $80\;^{\circ}C$, 40 minutes, and 100%, respectively, when cotton, Hanji, and silk are dyed with Boehmeria tricuspis extract.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.3727-3731
• /
• 2016

Background: The most common type of ocular lymphoma is non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), categorized into two groups: indolent (slow growing) and aggressive (rapid growing). Differentiating benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) from malignant ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) is challenging. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry have been used as diagnostic tools in such cases. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective case series, from 2002 to 2013 at Farabi Eye Center, 110 patients with ocular lymphoproliferative disease were enrolled. Prevalence, anatomical locations, mean age at diagnosis and the final diagnosis of the disease with IHC were assessed. Comparison between previous pathologic diagnoses and results of IHC was made. Immunoglobulin light chains and B-cell and T-cell markers and other immuno-phenotyping markers including CD20, CD3, CD5, CD23, CD10, CYCLIND1 and BCL2 were evaluated to determine the most accurate diagnosis. The lymphomas were categorized based on revised European-American lymphoma (REAL) classification. Results: Mean age ${\pm}$ SD (years) of the patients was $55.6{\pm}19.3$ and 61% were male. Patients with follicular lymphoma, large B-cell lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small cell lymphoma (CLL/SLL) tended to be older. Nine patients with previous diagnoses of low grade B-cell lymphoma were re-evaluated by IHC and the new diagnoses were as follows: extranodal marginal zone lymphoma(EMZL) (n=1), SLL(n=1), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) (n=3), reactive lymphoid hyperplasia RLH (n=2). Two cases were excluded due to poor blocks. Flow cytometry reports in these seven patients revealed SLL with positive CD5 and CD23, MCLwith positive CD5 and CyclinD1 and negative CD23, EMZL with negative CD5,CD23 and CD10. One RLH patient was negative for Kappa/Lambda and positive for CD3 and CD20 and the other was positive for all of the light chains, CD3 and CD20. Orbit (49.1%), conjunctiva (16.1%) and lacrimal glands (16.1%) were the most common sites of involvement. Conclusions: Accurate pathological classification of lesions is crucial to determine proper therapeutic approaches. This can be achieved through precise histologic and IHC analyses by expert pathologists.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.15-18
• /
• 2009

To enhance near UV-visible absorption region and to applied phosphor convert-white LEOs (PC-WLEDs), a red phosphor composed of ${Y_2}{SiO_5}:\;EU^{3+}$, $Bi^{3+}$ compounds was prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction. The photoluminescence (PL) shown that samples were excited by near UV light 395 nm for measurement of PL spectra. Emission spectra of samples have shown red emissions at 612 nm ($^5D_0{\to}^7F_2$). The enhanced near $UV{\sim}$ visible excitation spectrum with a broad band centered at 258 nm and 282 nm originated in the transitions toward the charge transfer state (CTS) due to the $Eu^{3+}-Bi^{3+}-O^{2-}$ interaction. The other excitation band at $350\;nm{\sim}480\;nm$, corresponding to the transitions $^7F_0{\to}^5L_9$ (364 nm), $^7F_0{\to}^5G_3$ (381 nm), $^7F_0{\to}^5L_6$ (395 nm), $^7F_0{\to}^5D_3$, (415 nm) and $^7F_0{\to}^5D_2$ (466 nm), occurred due to enhanced the f-f transition increasing $Bi^{3+}$ and $Eu^{3+}$ ions. The PL intensity increased with increased as concentration of $Bi^{3+}$ and the emission intensity becomes with a maximum at 0.125 mol.