• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.560-570
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• 2007

The effective and accurate assessment of the total microbial community diversity is one of the primary challenges in modem microbial ecology, especially for the detection and characterization of unculturable populations and populations with a low abundance. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to investigate the diversity of the microbial community during the biodegradation of cis- and trans-dichloroethenes in soil and wastewater enrichment cultures. Community profiling using PCR targeting the l6S rRNA gene and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) revealed an alteration in the bacterial community profiles with time. Exposure to cis- and trans-dichloroethenes led to the disappearance of certain genospecies that were initially observed in the untreated samples. A cluster analysis of the bacterial DGGE community profiles at various sampling times during the degradation process indicated that the community profile became stable after day 10 of the enrichment. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of selected DGGE bands revealed that the genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Comamonas, and Arthrobacter, plus several other important uncultured bacterial phylotypes, dominated the enrichment cultures. Thus, the identified dominant phylotypes may play an important role in the degradation of cis- and trans-dichloroethenes.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2018

Background: Selecting priority occupational carcinogens is important for cancer prevention efforts; however, standardized selection methods are not available. The objective of this paper was to describe the methods used by CAREX Canada in 2015 to establish priorities for preventing occupational cancer, with a focus on exposure estimation and descriptive profiles. Methods: Four criteria were used in an expert assessment process to guide carcinogen prioritization: (1) the likelihood of presence and/or use in Canadian workplaces; (2) toxicity of the substance (strength of evidence for carcinogenicity and other health effects); (3) feasibility of producing a carcinogen profile and/or an occupational estimate; and (4) special interest from the public/scientific community. Carcinogens were ranked as high, medium or low priority based on specific conditions regarding these criteria, and stakeholder input was incorporated. Priorities were set separately for the creation of new carcinogen profiles and for new occupational exposure estimates. Results: Overall, 246 agents were reviewed for inclusion in the occupational priorities list. For carcinogen profile generation, 103 were prioritized (11 high, 33 medium, and 59 low priority), and 36 carcinogens were deemed priorities for occupational exposure estimation (13 high, 17 medium, and 6 low priority). Conclusion: Prioritizing and ranking occupational carcinogens is required for a variety of purposes, including research, resource allocation at different jurisdictional levels, calculations of occupational cancer burden, and planning of CAREX-type projects in different countries. This paper outlines how this process was achieved in Canada; this may provide a model for other countries and jurisdictions as a part of occupational cancer prevention efforts.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.772-784
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• 2020

This study was performed to investigate the effects of taste-related compounds and antioxidatve profiles of retorted samgyetang made from fresh and dried Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) mushrooms. A total of 48 carcasses were prepared from commercial broilers (CB; Ross, 4 weeks old) and randomly distributed into eight different treatments. Each treatment group consisted of 6 chicken carcasses made with the addition of broth in different condition and concentration of C. militaris mushrooms. The addition concentration was based on the broth volume (v/w) under either fresh or dried conditions ranging from 0% as a control to 1%, 2%, and 3% of C. militaris mushrooms. C. militaris mushrooms contributed to an improvement of meat tenderness and the antioxidative profile that led to a greater suppression of lipid oxidation. The addition of C. militaris mushrooms at 2% could also enrich the flavor and taste-related compounds, particularly the increase in 5'-AMP and umami-related free amino acid compounds, L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid. Different addition forms of C. militaris mushrooms, particularly fresh or dried mushrooms, had only small effects on bioactive compounds, where the dried addition could possibly enrich samgyetang broth with higher cordycepin and adenosine contents than the fresh addition. Besides, the addition of C. militaris mushrooms in the dried form could also contribute to a higher antioxidative profile. Eventually, the addition of C. militaris mushrooms with a minimum addition of 2% contributed to an improvement of meat quality, antioxidative profile and flavor improvement of samgyetang.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.219-223
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• 2001

Nasal absorption of procyclidine, a synthetic anticholinergic compound, was investigated in Wistar rats and Beagle dogs. The dosing solution was prepared by dissolving$^{14}C$-procyclidme in 50% ethanolic saline. The dosing solution was administered intravenously and intranasally to rats at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg (i.e., $60{\mu}$l/kg in the form of a 1% w/v solution), and intravenously, orally and intranasally to doss at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg(i.e., $6{mu}$l/kg in the form of a 5% w/v solution). Blood samples were taken from an artery of the animals through the catheter for periods of 1200 (for rats) and 1440 min (for dogs), and the radioactivity in the samples was determined by liquid scintillation counting. The nasal bioavailability of Procyclidine in rats and dogs, based on the radioactivity was calculated to be 81.1 and 98.6% respectively. In both rats and dogs, the plasma profiles of procyclidine following nasal administration were very close to those following intravenous administration, leading to nearly superimposable profiles between the two protocols. In dogs, nasal administration resulted in significantly higher plasma concentrations during the first 30 min period compared to oral administration, suggesting the superiority of the nasal route over the oral route in terms of a prompt expression of the pharmacological effect of the drug. The results obtained in this study indicate that procyclidine is rapidly and nearly completely absorbed via the nasal route. In conclusion, nasal administration represents a viable alternative to intravenous administration in the case of procyclidine.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 2016

Objectives: The goals of this research were to evaluate acute (single-dose) and sub-acute (repeated-dose) toxicity profiles of methanolic extract of Pistacia integerrima J. L. Stewart ex Brandis (PI) for Wistar rats and to assess the safety profile of PI by observing physiological changes, mortality, changes in body weight, the histopathology of body organs, the hematology and the biochemistry of the animals. Methods: The toxicity profile of PI was evaluated using Wistar rats of both sexes. Animals were divided into four groups: Group 1; control group (normal saline), Group 2; PI-1 (250 mg/kg), Group 3; PI-2 (500 mg/kg), Group 4; PL-3 (1,000 mg/kg). An acute-toxicity study in which animals received a single dose of PI extract (2,000 mg/kg) and were then observed for 14 days for changes in skin, fur, eye color, mucous membrane secretions and excretions, gait, posture, and tonic or clonic movements was performed according to guideline 425 of the Organization of Economic and Corporation Development (OECD). In the repeated-dose toxicity study (OECD - 407) animals received a daily dose of PI extract for 28 days (4 weeks). The parameters observed in this study include body weight, hematology and biochemistry of the animals. Results: In the acute toxicity study, no mortalities or changes in behavior were noted in the animals. The repeated-dose toxicity study was also devoid of any toxicity in the animals during the 28 days of testing with PI extract. The extract did not alter- the body weight, hematology or biochemistry of the animals. The methanolic extract of PI was to be found safe to the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for the single-dose and repeated-dose toxicity tests in rats. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of PI was devoid of toxicity; hence, it can be used for various ayurvedic preparations and treatments of diseases.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.207-219
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• 2022

The suppression of high-intensity blob structures in the scrape-off layer (SOL) by ion-cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) power, leading to a decrease in the turbulent fluctuation level, is observed first in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) experiment. This suppression effect from ICRF power injection is global in the whole SOL at EAST, i.e. blob structures both in the regions that are magnetically connected to the active ICRF launcher and in the regions that are not connected to the active ICRF launcher could be suppressed by ICRF power. However, more ICRF power is required to reach the full blob structure suppression effect in the regions that are magnetically unconnected to the active launcher than in the regions that are magnetically connected to the active launcher. Studies show that a possible reason for the blob suppression could be the enhanced E_r × B shear flow in the SOL, which is supported by the shaper radial gradient in the floating potential profiles sensed by the divertor probe arrays with increasing ICRF power. The local RF wave power unabsorbed by the core plasma is responsible for the modification of potential profiles in the SOL regions.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.479-491
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: One ongoing effort to curtail dyslipidemia in school children is through lifestyle intervention. This study analyzes outcomes of the intervention of nutrition education and Javanese traditional game-based physical activity, on lipid profiles of overweight and obese children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The experimental study consisted of three steps: data collection (October to December 2016), intervention processes (January to March 2017), and final report preparation (April to May 2017). This was a split-plot block study, enrolling a total of 72 subjects. Traditional game intervention (12 meetings) and nutrition education (9 meetings) was carried out within 3 months with material related to obesity. RESULTS: Our results showed no decrease in the levels of total cholesterol in the group receiving nutrition education (rise by 1.56 mg/dL), but when compared to subjects without intervention, total cholesterol levels experienced was increased. The group which did not receive physical activity showed increase in the total cholesterol, whereas the traditional game intervention group showed a decrease of 0.05 mg/dL total cholesterol at the end of the intervention. Nutrition education and physical activity interventions did not influence any reduction in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, but rather showed a tendency to increase at the end of the intervention. However, the increase in LDL-c levels in the traditional game group was lower than in other intervention groups. Duncan's test indicated that the effect of nutrition education and physical activity interventions did not differ from the cut-off values of LDL-C and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the traditional game group tended to decrease at the end of the intervention, but the results did not differ much from other intervention groups. We deduce that nutrition education and traditional game-based physical activity interventions are not capable of improving blood lipid profiles in overweight and obese children within 3 months. It is necessary to increase the time of physical activity intervention to maintain the lipid profile in another study.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.5 s.108
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

The geometry of headboxes is of great importance in obtaining good formation, even basis weight profile and fiber orientation. Therefore, many attentions have been made to examine the influence of the geometry of headboxes on the flow behavior. In this study, to evaluate flow behavior in headboxes, three types of turbulence generators were examined using pilot headbox. Velocity profiles in MD and CD were measured using a pressure monitoring system and flow in headboxes was visualized by dye injection method. CD velocity profiles at three different locations inside the slice of Type A headbox showed that the velocity increased downstream to slice exit and had a pattern with four humps due to the persisting wall effect of step diffusors. Results from the evaluation of normalized velocity profile and flow visualization showed that L-shaped Type C headbox caused a large pressure drop but it lacked in flow stabilizing ability.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 1999

Thirty-six environmental isolates of Vibrio vulnificus obtained from seawater, sediments, and raw seafoods, and 18 clinical isolates from Vibrio septicemia patients were typed by restriction endonuclease digestion profiles (REDP) of genomic DNA with SfiI. The results revealed a high-level of variation in REDPs, indicating a vast genomic diversity among V. vulnificus strains. Genetic relatedness of the strains showed similarities ranging from 10％ to 100％. Different REDPs for isolates from various raw seafoods were obtained, and clustering of strains according to type of seafoods was not observed. In contrast, clinical isolates of V. vulnificus showed higher similarity to one another, and could be subdivided into one separate group. The difference in REDPs of the V. vulnificus isolates from clinical origin and from raw seafoods substantiates the previous observation that only a single type of pathogenic strain was involved in each human infection, despite the numerous genetically polymorphic strains found from implicated oysters.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.520-523
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• 2006

Whereas it is well known that the surface roughness parameters, the RMS height and the correlation length, of a natural soil surface are underestimated with a short surface profile, it is not clear how much the underestimated surface parameters affect the backscattering coefficients of the surface for various incidence angles and polarizations. The backscattering coefficients of simulated and measured surface profiles are computed using the integral equation method (IEM) and analyzed in this paper to answer this question. It is shown that the RMS error of the backscattering coefficients between 5-m- and 1-m-long measured surface profiles is 1.7 dB for vv-polarization and 0.5 dB for hh-polarization at a medium range of incidence angle ($15^{\circ}{\leq}{\theta}{\leq}70^{\circ}$), while the surface roughness parameters are significantly reduced; from 2.4 cm to 1.5 cm for the RMS height s and from 35.1 cm to 10.0 cm for the autocorrelation length l. This result is verified with numerous simulations with various roughness conditions and various wavelengths.