• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2002

This study is the series of photopolymerization on alkyl methacrylate(AMA) to continue further research. The objective of this work is to investigate the environmental fraternitive characteristics of photopolymerization kinetics on n-Buthyl methacrylate(BMA) and comparing the decomposition behavior to other AMA. The experiment was done in aqueous solution under the influence of photo-initiator concentration$(0.05{\sim}0.25mol/l)$, light intensity$(5000{\sim}9000{\mu}J/cm^{2})$ and monomer concentration$(2.0{\sim}6.0mol/l)$. n-BMA was polymerized to high conversion ratio using hydrogen $peroxide(H_{2}O_{2})$, and the kinetics model we have obtained is as follows. $R_{p}=K_{p}[S]^{0.24}[M]^{0.33}[L]^{153}exp^{(27.19/RT)}$ The differential method of thermogravimetric analysis(Friedman method) was used to obtain value of activation energy on decomposition reaction. The average value of it was 27.5Kcal/mol.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.186-190
• /
• 2011

정부는 홍수대응능력 강화, 대체수원확보, 안정적 물 공급 등을 목표로 '4대강 살리기 사업'을 추진 중이며, 이 가운데 수량확보 및 수질개선을 목적으로 권역별 중요지점에 보를 설치 중이다. 아직도 논란이 되고 있는 보설치 효과에 대해 본 연구는 수직 수평적으로 수리 및 수질 모의가 가능한 비정상 상태의 3차원 모형인 EFDC 모형을 이용하여 낙동강 유역 내 건설 중인 달성보의 설치 전후 수질변화를 비교함으로써 사업의 수질목표 달성 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 모의결과 연평균 DO는 미비하게 감소하는 경향이 있으나, T-N과 T-P의 경우 연평균 0.138mg/L, 0.069mg/L 가량 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, COD의 경우 연평균 1.911mg/L 감소하는 것으로 나타나 T-N, T-P, COD 항목을 기준으로 하였을 때 수질개선효과가 나타났다. 시기별로 살펴보면, 갈수기시 보로 인해 유량이 확보되면서 수질이 개선되는 것으로 나타났고, 이에 반해 홍수 기시에는 개선효과가 미비했다. 고정보를 가정한 한계는 있지만, 본 연구로부터 달성보 설치에 따른 수질개선효과를 확인할 수 있었으며 고정보가 아닌 가동보에서의 효율적인 운영시 보다 높은 수질개선 효과가 나타날 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.68-75
• /
• 2001

Photopolymerization, the utilization of electromagnetic radiation(or light) as the energy source for polymerization of functional monomers, oligomers is the basis of important commercial processes with broad applicability, including photoimaging and RV curing of coatings and inks. The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of environmental fraternitive photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate(MMA). This work is the first step to continue further research about alkyl methacrylate. The experiment was done in aqueous solution under the influence of photo-initiator concentration(0.05-0.25mol/l), light intensity (5000-9000 ${\mu}J/cm^2$) and monomer concentration(2-6mol/l). Methyl methacrylate was polymerized to high conversion ratio using hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) and the kinetics model we have obtained is as follows. $R_p=k_p[S]^{0.41}[M]^{0.62}[L]^{2.45} exp(53.64/RT$). The differential method of thermogravimetric analysis(Friedman method) was used to obtain value of activation energy on decomposition reaction. The average value of it res 45.4Kca1/mol.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 2023

This batch experiment evaluated the impacts of major plant nutrient releases by applying the modified Hyperbola model on the leachates and N₂O emissions from incorporated rice hull biochar with organic fertilizer materials. The treatments consisted of the control as incorporated with organic fertilizer materials, the incorporated rice hull biochar with organic fertilizer materials, and the incorporated plasma-activated rice hull biochar with organic fertilizer materials under redox conditions. The results indicated that the maximum release amount of NH₄-N was 3486.3 mg L^-1 in the control, and their reduction rates of NH₄-N, NO₃-N, PO₄-P, and K were 8.0%, 17.5% 44.3.0% and 8.7%, respectively, relative to the control. In the control, the highest soluble amount of PO₄-P was 681.0 mg L^-1. The estimations for accumulated NH₄-N, NO₃-N, PO₄-P, and K-releases in all the treatments were significantly (p<0.01) fitted with a modified Hyperbola model. For greenhouse gas emissions, the lowest cumulative N₂O was 340.4 mg kg^-1 in the soil incorporated with plasma-activated rice hull biochar, and the reduction rates were 27.8% and 86.4% in the rice hull biochar and plasma-activated rice hull biochar treatments, respectively, compared to the control. Therefore, it concluded that the incorporated rice hull biochar can be especially useful for controlling PO₄-P release and N₂O emissions for bio-fertilizer applications.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
• /
• pp.181-183
• /
• 2002

Complete load model of the substation not only should include the performances of the load components, but also should take into consideration the core losses of transformers, the line losses and the capacitor banks. In an actual distribution system, the control scheme of capacitor banks are so complex and is difficult to identify actual values for the reactive powers of capacitor banks. This research improves on this drawback by applying component-based modeling method including a capacitor banks in distribution systems. Initial differences between the model results and the actual values for reactive powers are later decreased by the proposed method.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 A
• /
• pp.322-324
• /
• 1999

This paper presents the methodology of measuring the 22.9[kV] bus load characteristics for verifying the bus load model developed with equivalent load aggregation of load components, and the analysis of 22.9[kV] load data.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.407-413
• /
• 2006

돌돔 치어의 사육 관리 및 생체역학 모델 결정을 위한 기초자료를 수집하기 위해 수온과 광주기에 따른 산소 소 비율을 조사하였다. 절식한 돌돔(평균 무게 $21.5{\pm}1.9g$ 총 180마리) 치어를 대상으로 네 가지 수온(10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$ 세 가지 광주기(24L:0D, 12L:12D, 0L:24D)에 따라 유수식 형태의 호흡실을 이용하여 24시간 동안 5분 간격으로(3반복) 산소 소비율을 측정하였다. 수온과 광주기 그리고 두 인자의 상호작용 모두가 돌돔 치어의 산소 소비율에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다.(P<0.001). 각 광주기 조건에서 수온 상승에 따라 산소 소비율은 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.001). 10, 15, 20그리고 $25^{\circ}C$에서의 시간당 평균 산소 소비율은 각각 $202.1{\sim}403.4,\;306.7{\sim}502.2,\;536.7{\sim}791.0$ 그리고 $879.9{\sim}1,077.4mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}h^{-1}$였으며, $Q_{10}$ 값은 $10{\sim}15,\;15{\sim}20,\;20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$에서 각각 $1.58{\sim}2.30,\;2.44{\sim}3.06,\;1.86{\sim}2.69$이었다. 모든 수온 조건에서 연속 명기(24L:0D)일 때 산소 소비율은 연속 암기(0L:24D)일 때보다 유의하게 높았다(P<0.001). l2L:12D의 명기에서의 산소 소비율은 같은 조건의 암기 때보다 유의하게 높은 산소 소비율을 보였다(P<0.001). 결론적으로, 돌돔 치어 사 육시 고수온 및 긴 낮 시간이 유지될 때 사육수의 산소 결핍 현상에 주의를 기울여야 한다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
• /
• pp.381-384
• /
• 2002

Response surface methodology (RSM) was successfully applied to optimize for the production of Ganoderma lucidum in batch fermentations using the whey (40,000 mg latose/L) as substrate. This study was performed according to the central composite design (CCD) with respect to pH and temperature, where the designed intervals were 3.3$22.9^{\circ}C$$37.1^{\circ}C$, respectively. A second-order factorial design of the experiments was used to build empirical models providing a quantitative interpretation of the relationships between the two variables. The optimum conditions to maximize the production of G. lucidum were pH 4.2 and $28.3^{\circ}C$. At optimum conditions, the mycelial dry weight (MDW) and residual soluble COD (SCOD) were simultaneously used to evaluate the biokinetic coefficients assocoated with substrate inhibition model by nonlinear least squares method with 95% confidence interval. The. maximum microbial growth rates (${\mu}m$), half saturation coefficient ($K_s$), and the inhibition substrate concentration ($K_{is}$) were determined to be 0.095 l/hr, 128,000 mg SCOD/L and 49,000 mg SCOD/L, respectively. And the microbial yield coefficient (Y), biomass decay rate coefficient ($K_d$), and the maintenance energy coefficient ($m_s$) were determined to be 0.37 mg MDW/mg SCOD, 0.001 1/hr, and 0.0015 1/hr, respectively.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.223-231
• /
• 2010

Purpose : The Purpose of this study was to compare muscle activation and foot pressure on baby carrier and sling for baby care. Methods : Thirty one women subjects (mean age 23.2 years) participated in four static conditions : unloaded quite standing, carrying an anterior baby carrier, carrying a posterior baby carrier, and sling. The baby carrier and sling were loaded with baby model that filled 7.6kg loads. Surface electromyography was used to measure activity in the internal oblique, T4, L3, L5 paraspinal muscle, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius for four conditions. And foot pressure was measured by using MatScan system(Tekscan, USA). Results : The activation of Biceps femoris, T4, L3, and L5 paraspinal muscle were significant differences(p<.05), but other muscles were no significant differences in four conditions(p>.05). Right foot contact area and peak pressure of right mid foot area were significant differences in four conditions(p<.05). Conclusion : The results of this study indicate that the use of baby carrier of sling for baby care were influenced postural responses of young women. Further work is recommended to find out the influences of various assistive devices for baby care.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.59-71
• /
• 2014

Purpose - In recent years, many firms have attempted various approaches to cope with the continual increase of aviation transportation. The previous research into freight charge forecasting models has focused on regression analyses using a few influence factors to calculate the future price. However, these approaches have limitations that make them difficult to apply into practice: They cannot respond promptly to small price changes and their predictive power is relatively low. Therefore, the current study proposes a freight charge-forecasting model using time series data instead a regression approach. The main purposes of this study can thus be summarized as follows. First, a proper model for freight charge using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, which is mainly used for time series forecast, is presented. Second, a modified ARIMA model for freight charge prediction and the standard process of determining freight charge based on the model is presented. Third, a straightforward freight charge prediction model for practitioners to apply and utilize is presented. Research design, data, and methodology - To develop a new freight charge model, this study proposes the ARIMAC(p,q) model, which applies time difference constantly to address the correlation coefficient (autocorrelation function and partial autocorrelation function) problem as it appears in the ARIMA(p,q) model and materialize an error-adjusted ARIMAC(p,q). Cargo Account Settlement Systems (CASS) data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) are used to predict the air freight charge. In the modeling, freight charge data for 72 months (from January 2006 to December 2011) are used for the training set, and a prediction interval of 23 months (from January 2012 to November 2013) is used for the validation set. The freight charge from November 2012 to November 2013 is predicted for three routes - Los Angeles, Miami, and Vienna - and the accuracy of the prediction interval is analyzed using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Results - The result of the proposed model shows better accuracy of prediction because the MAPE of the error-adjusted ARIMAC model is 10% and the MAPE of ARIMAC is 11.2% for the L.A. route. For the Miami route, the proposed model also shows slightly better accuracy in that the MAPE of the error-adjusted ARIMAC model is 3.5%, while that of ARIMAC is 3.7%. However, for the Vienna route, the accuracy of ARIMAC is better because the MAPE of ARIMAC is 14.5% and the MAPE of the error-adjusted ARIMAC model is 15.7%. Conclusions - The accuracy of the error-adjusted ARIMAC model appears better when a route's freight charge variance is large, and the accuracy of ARIMA is better when the freight charge variance is small or has a trend of ascent or descent. From the results, it can be concluded that the ARIMAC model, which uses moving averages, has less predictive power for small price changes, while the error-adjusted ARIMAC model, which uses error correction, has the advantage of being able to respond to price changes quickly.