• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare serum amyloid A (SAA) protein levels with high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels as markers of systemic inflammation in patients with chronic periodontitis. The association of serum titers of antibodies to periodontal microbiota and SAA/hs-CRP levels in periodontitis patients was also studied. Methods: A total of 110 individuals were included in this study. Patients were assessed for levels of hs-CRP and SAA. Nonfasting blood samples were collected from participants at the time of clinical examination. The diagnosis of adipose tissue disorders was made according to previously defined criteria. To determine SAA levels, a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was utilized. Paper points were transferred to a sterile tube to obtain a pool of samples for polymerase chain reaction processing and the identification of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Tannerella forsythia. The serum level of IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies to P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and T. forsythia was also determined. Results: SAA and hs-CRP levels were higher in periodontitis patients than in controls (P<0.05). In bivariate analysis, high levels of hs-CRP (>3 mg/L) and SAA (>10 mg/L) were significantly associated with chronic periodontitis (P=0.004). The Spearman correlation analysis between acute-phase proteins showed that SAA positively correlated with hs-CRP (r=0.218, P=0.02). In the adjusted model, chronic periodontitis was associated with high levels of SAA (odds ratio [OR], 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-18.2; P=0.005) and elevated hs-CRP levels (OR, 6.1, 95% CI, 1.6-23.6; P=0.008). Increased levels of serum IgG2 antibodies to P. gingivalis were associated with high levels of SAA (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.4-8.5; P=0.005) and high concentrations of hs-CRP (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.9-9.8; P<0.001). Conclusions: SAA and hs-CRP concentrations in patients with chronic periodontitis are comparably elevated. High serum titers of antibodies to P. gingivalis and the presence of periodontal disease are independently related to high SAA and hs-CRP levels.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2020

Of the various types of mice used for genome editing, conditional knock-out (cKO) mice serve as an important model for studying the function of genes. cKO mice can be produced using loxP knock-in (KI) mice in which loxP sequences (34 bp) are inserted on both sides of a specific region in the target gene. These mice can be used as KO mice that do not express a gene at a desired time or under a desired condition by cross-breeding with various Cre Tg mice. Genome editing has been recently made easy by the use of third-generation gene scissors, the CRISPR-Cas9 system. However, very few laboratories can produce mice for genome editing. Here we present a more efficient method for producing loxP KI mice. This method involves the use of an HDR vector as the target vector and ssODN as the donor DNA in order to induce homologous recombination for producing loxP KI mice. On injecting 20 ng/µL of ssODN, it was observed that the target exon was deleted or loxP was inserted on only one side. However, on injecting 10 ng/µL of the target HDR vector, the insertion of loxP was observed on both sides of the target region. In the first PCR, seven mice were identified to be loxP KI mice. The accuracy of their gene sequences was confirmed through Sanger sequencing. It is expected that the loxP KI mice produced in this study will serve as an important tool for identifying the function of the target gene.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.231-251
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• 2014

The present study examines the phosphate adsorption potential and behavior of mixture of Ground Burnt Patties (GBP), a solid waste generated from cooking fuel used in earthen stoves and Red Soil (RS), a natural substance in fixed bed column mode operation. The characterization of adsorbent was done by Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), and Proton Induced ${\gamma}$-ray Emission (PIGE) methods. The FTIR spectroscopy of spent adsorbent reveals the presence of absorbance peak at $1127cm^{-1}$ which appears due to P = O stretching, thus confirming phosphate adsorption. The effects of bed height (10, 15 and 20 cm), flow rate (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mL/min) and initial phosphate concentration (5 and 15 mg/L) on breakthrough curves were explored. Both the breakthrough and exhaustion time increased with increase in bed depth, decrease in flow rate and influent concentration. Thomas model, Yoon-Nelson model and Modified Dose Response model were used to fit the column adsorption data using nonlinear regression analysis while Bed Depth Service Time model followed linear regression analysis under different experimental condition to evaluate model parameters that are useful in scale up of the process. The values of correlation coefficient ($R^2$) and the Sum of Square Error (SSE) revealed the Modified Dose Response model as the best fitted model to the experimental data. The adsorbent mixture responded effectively to the desorption and reusability experiment. The results of this finding advocated that mixture of GBP and RS can be used as a low cost, highly efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal from aqueous solution.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1310-1315
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• 2008

This study was to investigate the influence of pH on the antioxidant activity of melanoidins formed from glucose (Glc) and fructose (Fru) with lysine enantiomers in the Maillard reaction. Melanoidins formed from D-isomers were found to be effective antioxidants in different in vitro assays with regard to the ferrous ion chelating activity, 1, l-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. In particular, the chelating activity of these melanoidins at a pH of 7.0 was greater than those with pH of 4.0 and 10.0. The chelating activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the melanoidins formed from the Glc systems were higher than those of the melanoidins formed from the Fru systems. However, the FRAP and ABTS radical scavenging activity of these melanoidins were not different according to pH level, with exceptions being the Fru systems.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.713-722
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to confirm Pseudomonas spp. as the specific spoilage organism (SSO) of chilled beef during aerobic storage and to establish a model to predict the shelf life of beef. Naturally contaminated beef was stored at $4^{\circ}C$, and the spoilage limit of Pseudomonas organisms was determined by measuring several quality indicators during storage, including the number of Pseudomonas organisms, total number of bacteria, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) values, L value color scale scores and sensory evaluation scores. The beef was then stored at 0, 4, 7, 10, 15 or $20^{\circ}C$ for varying amounts of time, and the number of Pseudomonas organisms were counted, allowing a corresponding growth model to be established. The results showed that the presence of Pseudomonas spp. was significantly correlated to each quality characteristic (p<0.01), demonstrating that Pseudomonas spp. are the SSO of chilled beef and that the spoilage limit was $10^{8.20}$ cfu/g. The Baranyi and Roberts equation can predict the growth of Pseudomonas spp. in beef, and the $R^2$ value of each model was greater than 0.95. The square root model was used as follows, and the absolute values of the residuals were less than ${0.05:\;{\mu_{max}}^{1/2}$ = 0.15604 [T+(-0.08472)] (p<0.01), $R^2$ = 0.98, $\lambda^{-1/2}$ = 0.0649+0.0242T (p<0.01, $R^2$ = 0.94). The model presented here describes the impact of different temperatures on the growth of Pseudomonas spp., thereby establishing a model for the prediction of the shelf life of beef stored between 0 to $20^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.229-237
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• 2021

Objective : Expansion in the spinal canal area (SCA) after laminoplasty is one of the critical factors to relieve the preoperative symptoms. No previous study has compared the increases in SCA achieved by open-door laminoplasty (ODL) and double door laminoplasty (DDL) according to the preoperative lamina angle (LA). This study was designed to clarify the relationship between the laminoplasty opening angle (OA)/laminoplasty opening size (OS) and increases in the SCA following ODL and DDL according to the preoperative LA using a simulation model. Methods : The simulation model was constructed and validated by comparing the clinical data of 64 patients who had undergone C3-C6 laminoplasty (43 patients with ODL and 21 patients with DDL). SCA expansion was predicted with a verified simulation model at various preoperative LAs (from 28° to 32°) with different OAs (40° to 44°) and OSs (10 mm to 14 mm) recruited from patient data. Results : The constructed simulation model was validated by comparing clinical data and revealed a very high degree of correlation (r=0.935, p<0.001). In this validated model, at the same OA, the increase in SCA was higher following ODL than following DDL in the usual LA (p<0.05). At the same OS, the increase in SCA was slightly larger following DDL than following ODL, but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). The difference was significant when the preoperative LA was narrower or much wider. Conclusion : Based on clinical data, a simulation model was constructed and verified that could predict increases in the SCA following ODL and DDL. When applying this model, prediction in SCA increase using the OS parameter was more practical and compatible with clinical data. Both laminoplasties achieved enough SCA, and there was no significant difference between them in the usual range.

• Carbon letters
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2013

An increase in population initiating rapid industrialization was found to consequently increase the effluents and domestic wastewater into the aquatic ecosystem. In this research the potentialities of Sambucus nigra L. (SNL) plant in the remediation of water, contaminated with methylene blue (MB), a basic dye were investigated. SNL was chemically impregnated with $KHCO_3$. Operating variables studied were pH, amount of adsorbent and contact time. In general, pH did not have any significant effect on colour removal and the highest adsorption capacity was obtained in 0.035 g MB/g-activated carbon. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to the Temkin isotherm. The mass transfer property of the sorption process was studied using Lagergren pseudo-first-order and chemisorption pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The sorption process obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The surface area, pores volume and diameter were assessed by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda methods. The results were compared to those from activated carbon (Merck) and an actual sample. The results indicate that SNL can be employed as a natural and eco-friendly adsorbent material for the removal of dye MB from aqueous solutions.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.510-513
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• 2014

A Q-band pHEMT image-rejection low-noise amplifier (IR-LNA) is presented using inter-stage tunable resonators. The inter-stage L-C resonators can maximize an image rejection by functioning as inter-stage matching circuits at an operating frequency ($F_{OP}$) and short circuits at an image frequency ($F_{IM}$). In addition, it also brings more wideband image rejection than conventional notch filters. Moreover, tunable varactors in L-C resonators not only compensate for the mismatch of an image frequency induced by the process variation or model error but can also change the image frequency according to a required RF frequency. The implemented pHEMT IR-LNA shows 54.3 dB maximum image rejection ratio (IRR). By changing the varactor bias, the image frequency shifts from 27 GHz to 37 GHz with over 40 dB IRR, a 19.1 dB to 17.6 dB peak gain, and 3.2 dB to 4.3 dB noise figure. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it shows the highest IRR and $F_{IM}/F_{OP}$ of the reported millimeter/quasi-millimeter wave IR-LNAs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2002

This study is the series of photopolymerization on alkyl methacrylate(AMA) to continue further research. The objective of this work is to investigate the environmental fraternitive characteristics of photopolymerization kinetics on n-Buthyl methacrylate(BMA) and comparing the decomposition behavior to other AMA. The experiment was done in aqueous solution under the influence of photo-initiator concentration$(0.05{\sim}0.25mol/l)$, light intensity$(5000{\sim}9000{\mu}J/cm^{2})$ and monomer concentration$(2.0{\sim}6.0mol/l)$. n-BMA was polymerized to high conversion ratio using hydrogen $peroxide(H_{2}O_{2})$, and the kinetics model we have obtained is as follows. $R_{p}=K_{p}[S]^{0.24}[M]^{0.33}[L]^{153}exp^{(27.19/RT)}$ The differential method of thermogravimetric analysis(Friedman method) was used to obtain value of activation energy on decomposition reaction. The average value of it was 27.5Kcal/mol.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.186-190
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• 2011

정부는 홍수대응능력 강화, 대체수원확보, 안정적 물 공급 등을 목표로 '4대강 살리기 사업'을 추진 중이며, 이 가운데 수량확보 및 수질개선을 목적으로 권역별 중요지점에 보를 설치 중이다. 아직도 논란이 되고 있는 보설치 효과에 대해 본 연구는 수직 수평적으로 수리 및 수질 모의가 가능한 비정상 상태의 3차원 모형인 EFDC 모형을 이용하여 낙동강 유역 내 건설 중인 달성보의 설치 전후 수질변화를 비교함으로써 사업의 수질목표 달성 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 모의결과 연평균 DO는 미비하게 감소하는 경향이 있으나, T-N과 T-P의 경우 연평균 0.138mg/L, 0.069mg/L 가량 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, COD의 경우 연평균 1.911mg/L 감소하는 것으로 나타나 T-N, T-P, COD 항목을 기준으로 하였을 때 수질개선효과가 나타났다. 시기별로 살펴보면, 갈수기시 보로 인해 유량이 확보되면서 수질이 개선되는 것으로 나타났고, 이에 반해 홍수 기시에는 개선효과가 미비했다. 고정보를 가정한 한계는 있지만, 본 연구로부터 달성보 설치에 따른 수질개선효과를 확인할 수 있었으며 고정보가 아닌 가동보에서의 효율적인 운영시 보다 높은 수질개선 효과가 나타날 것으로 판단된다.