• Title/Summary/Keyword: L-Moment

Search Result 429, Processing Time 0.032 seconds

Development of Automatic Loading Equipment of Seedling Tray for Automatic Process of Raising Seedlings in Plant Factory (식물공장 육묘공정 자동화를 위한 육묘트레이 자동적재장치 개발)

  • Park, Sang-Min;Min, Young-Bong;Lee, Gong-In;Kim, Dong-Ouk;Kang, Dong-Hyun;Moon, Sung-Dong
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
    • /
    • v.45 no.5
    • /
    • pp.105-113
    • /
    • 2011
  • This study was carried out to develop an automatic loading equipment that can load seedling trays on loading position of the seedling bed driving on enclosed-type rail installed for interconnecting each process of raising seedlings in plant factory. The experiment of transferring the seedling tray by monorail pusher was carried out to figure out the required transfer force and problems during push type device of transporting the plastic seedling trays, that has completed its sowing process, which are installed onto the board of different materials. From the results of this experiment, the loading equipment which can exactly load three of the seedling trays orderly on the loading position of the seedling bed was designed and made. When three sowed trays on every board are transferred by pusher with the speed is at 30 cm/s, the maximum peak transfer force with maximum overshooting at initial transient state and the maximum transfer force at stead state are were respectively 32.8 N, 29.4 N on rubber board, 29.7 N, 22.5 N on a wooden board, 26.9 N, 19.6 N on a acrylic board, and 27.6 N, 19.1 N on an iron board. Changes in the transfer force occurred its maximum at the moment when the pusher collided with the tray, after the collision gradually decreased until it became stable. When two or three trays placed it in order of widthwise are transferred, it is occurred the overlapping of the tray's external bracket. The developed automatic loading equipment with PLC controller did not make any operation error through 100 times of tests, its maximum seedling tray loading speed was 2 sec/tray and its maximum error of transferred location of the tray was 0.5 cm.

Dramaturgische und Aufführungs-analyse von Romeo und Julia -Shakespeares Drama und Oh, Tae-suks Aufführung- (<로미오와 줄리엣>의 드라마투르기적 분석 및 공연분석 -셰익스피어의 드라마와 오태석의 공연-)

  • Lee, In-Soon
    • Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
    • /
    • no.40
    • /
    • pp.163-206
    • /
    • 2010
  • Um die Jahrhundertwende des 20. Jahrhunderts besinnt sich Theater als ein Kunstwerk auf seine eigene $Realit{\ddot{a}}t$, $K{\ddot{o}}rper$, Raum und Zeit. Die Existenzweise des Theaterkunstwerks ist $Auff{\ddot{u}}hrung$. Die Kennzeichen der $Auff{\ddot{u}}hrung$ ist Transitorik, Unmittelbarkeit und Ereignishaftigkeit. $Auff{\ddot{u}}hrungsanalyse$ der Theaterwissenschaft als Disziplin wird lange Zeit $vernachl{\ddot{a}}ssigt$, weil $Auff{\ddot{u}}hrung$ ein Opfer der Zeit ist. Angesichts der $Auf{\ddot{u}}hrungsanalyse$ $mu{\ss}$ man eine Invariante zur $Verf{\ddot{u}}gung$ stellen, um einen Gegenstand zu analysieren. Die Inszenierung als ${\ddot{a}}sthetischer$ Gegenstand ist einmalig und unwiederbringlich. Das $B{\ddot{u}}hnengeschehen$ ist materielle $Realit{\ddot{a}}t$, die von dem Zuschauer sinnlich - optisch und akustisch - erfahren wird. Die Inszenierung realisiert sich in 'drei $B{\ddot{u}}hnengestalten$': 'Intendierte $B{\ddot{u}}hnengestalt$', 'realen $B{\ddot{u}}hnengestalt$' und 'vermeinte $B{\ddot{u}}hnengestalt$'. Die $Auff{\ddot{u}}hrung$ konkretisiert sich im Kopf des Zuschauers nicht als eine reale $B{\ddot{u}}hnengestalt$, sondern als ein '${\ddot{a}}sthetisches$ Objekt', 'als Abdruck der $B{\ddot{u}}hnenvorg{\ddot{a}}nge$'. Der Platz des $Auff{\ddot{u}}hrungsanalytikers$ ist der des Zuschauers, des Rezipienten. Die ${\ddot{a}}sthetische$ $B{\ddot{u}}hnengestalt$ ist eine Rekonstruktion der selektiven wahrgenommenden $Auff{\ddot{u}}hrung$, die der 'realen $B{\ddot{u}}hnengestalt$' ${\ddot{a}}hnelt$. Diese Rekonstruktion als neue $Sch{\ddot{o}}pfung$ des Rezipienten ist "Simulacrum", das der dem Objekt $hinzugef{\ddot{u}}gte$ Intellekt ist. Der Begriff der $Auff{\ddot{u}}hrungsanalyse$ wird Synonym $f{\ddot{u}}r$ die Interpretation als hermeneutischer $Proze{\ss}$. $F{\ddot{u}}r$ die Methode der $Auff{\ddot{u}}hrungsanalyse$ gibt es Strukturanalyse und Transformationsanalyse. Strukturanalyse geht $ausschlie{\ss}lich$ von der $Auff{\ddot{u}}hrung$ aus. Transformationsanalyse geht von der Transformation des Textes aus. $F{\ddot{u}}r$ diese Arbeit steht dramaturgische Analyse von Shakespeares Romeo und Julia als erste Grundlage. Die Handlungsentwicklung von Romeo und Julia ist klar in '$f{\ddot{u}}nf$ Akte' eingeteilt, die insgesamt aus 24 Szenen bestehen. Die Gesamthandlung von Romeo und Julia baut sich $pyramidenf{\ddot{o}}rmig$ nach dem Schema der steigenden und fallenden Handlung auf: Exposition/ Ausgangssituation (bis zur ersten Begegnung des Liebespaares auf dem Fest), erregendes Moment als Steigerung (von der Verliebtheit bis zur $Eheschlie{\ss}ung$), Wendepunkt/ Peripetie (Mercutios Tod), retardierendes Moment (Julias Scheintod) und Katastrophe (Vereinigung im Grabe). Die Handlung des $St{\ddot{u}}ckes$ gliedert sich in eine Haupt- und eine Nebenhandlung: dominierend ist die Liebeshandlung zwischen Romeo und Julia, daneben steht die Entwicklung der Fehde zwischen den Familien von Montague und Capulet; sie sind 'sich gegenseitig bedingend, steigernd, hemmend und vernichtend'. Parallelisierung und Kontrast der Figurenkonstellation werden in den jeweils sozial oder im Alter entsprechenden Figuren aus den beiden verfeindeten Familien gezeigt. Die Thematik des $St{\ddot{u}}ckes$ kommt in dem Oxymoron "loving hate" (I.1.175) zum Ausdruck. Shakespeare $l{\ddot{a}}sst$ die Liebeshandlung von Romeo und Julia in der Art der de casibus-$Trag{\ddot{o}}die$ spielen; deren Handlungsmuster ist 'dargestellt im Rad der Fortuna, das einen Menschen $emportr{\ddot{a}}gt$ und wieder $abst{\ddot{u}}rzen$ $l{\ddot{a}}sst$'. Das $St{\ddot{u}}ck$ Romeo und Julia ist eine experimentelle $Trag{\ddot{o}}die$. Es beginnt als $Kom{\ddot{o}}die$ mit $Z{\ddot{u}}gen$ einer Romanze, die sich aus dem Motiv der privaten Liebe und Heirat entwickelt. Pater Lorenzo und die Amme treten mit Lorenzos Wissen von der magischen Kraft der $Kr{\ddot{a}}uter$ und der $Geschw{\ddot{a}}tzigkeit$ der Amme $h{\ddot{a}}ufig$ in der $Kom{\ddot{o}}die$ auf. Die Handlung von Romeo und Julia erreicht mit Mercutios Tod den Wendepunkt, der die komische Welt zur tragischen umwandelt. $F{\ddot{u}}r$ die Sprache gibt es Prosa der Diener wie die Alltagssprache der einfachen Leute und zugleich Verse der Adeligen. Shakespeare verwendet eine kontrastreiche Metaphorik $f{\ddot{u}}r$ Raum und Zeit. Dreimal geschehen am Tag die $K{\ddot{a}}mpfe$ der verfeindeten Familien auf den ${\ddot{o}}ffentlichen$ $Pl{\ddot{a}}tzen$. Der Tag wirft ein Licht auf den Hass und die Gewalt. Die Nacht aber ist die $Sph{\ddot{a}}re$ der Liebe, wo Romeo und Julia ihre heimliche Verbindung verborgen halten $k{\ddot{o}}nnen$. Die Liebenden treffen sich in der Nacht und in dem ummauerten Raum. Oh, Tae-Suks "Romeo und Julia" wird in der Form des Madangguks gestaltet. Die Handlung in Oh, Tae- Suks Textfassung ist also nicht nach dem Prinzip der $Kausalit{\ddot{a}}t$ und Folgerichtigkeit zu lesen wie im Shakespeare-Drama. Wegen dem Ignorieren der $Kausalit{\ddot{a}}t$ des Handlungsablaufes und dem Fehlen der Motivation der Handlung ergibt sich hier keine individuelle psychologische Figurencharakterisierung. Die Figuren sind typisiert. Die koreanische Textfassung mit den extremen textlichen $Verk{\ddot{u}}rzungen$ und den zwei szenischen $Hinzuf{\ddot{u}}gungen$ $pr{\ddot{a}}gt$ die Inszenierung dahingehend, dass an die Stelle der Wortsprache mehr $K{\ddot{o}}rpersprache$ und szenische Bilder treten. Die langen Sprechpartien der Figuren im Shakespeare-Drama werden meistens $gek{\ddot{u}}rzt$ und $beschr{\ddot{a}}nken$ sich entweder auf Informationen ${\ddot{u}}ber$ die Situation oder zur Handlungsentwicklung. Und der Handlungsablauf erfolgt in Episoden sowie Musik, Lied und Tanz; Musik, Lied und Tanz dienen einerseits dem ${\ddot{U}}bergang$ der Szenen, sind aber andererseits auch selbst Teil des Handlungsablaufs. $W{\ddot{a}}hrend$ Shakespeare die Sprache der $W{\ddot{o}}rter$ in den Vordergrund $r{\ddot{u}}ckt$, $st{\ddot{u}}tzt$ Oh, Tae-Suk sich mehr auf die Sprache des $K{\ddot{o}}rpers$, die ja zugleich bildhaft ist. $Daf{\ddot{u}}r$ nimmt die Inszenierung Tanz und Lieder. Oh, Tae-Suks Inszenierung entwirft Shakespeares $Trag{\ddot{o}}die$ in der Form des Madangguks als Spiel und zugleich als erkennentnisorientiertes, nachdenkliches Theater $f{\ddot{u}}r$ den koreanischen Zuschauer, das dem traditionellen koreanischen Theater als Unterhaltungstheater nicht $m{\ddot{o}}glich$ ist, in dem sich das Volk von der Wirklichkeit erleichterte und sich $vergn{\ddot{u}}gte$. Oh, Tae-Suk formt das Publikum zum 'Wir' und zugleich zum 'Ich'. Mit dem Zusammensein der $v{\ddot{o}}llig$ andernen Theaterkulturen schafft der Reigisseur das hybride Theater und dadurch bildet $f{\ddot{u}}r$ die moderne koreanische Gesellschaft eine neue kulturelle $Identit{\ddot{a}}t$ heraus.

Regional Frequency Analysis using Nonparametric Kernel Function (비매개변수적 Kernel Function을 이용한 지역빈도해석)

  • Moon, Young-Il;Oh, Tae-Suk;Kim, Jong-Suk;Jeong, Min-Su
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
    • /
    • 2006.05a
    • /
    • pp.1492-1496
    • /
    • 2006
  • 수공구조물의 설계에 있어 가중 중요한 변수 중에 하나가 확률 강우량이다. 우리나라의 경우 매개변수적인 지점빈도해석을 통해 확률 강우량을 산정하고 있으나, 최근 들어 지점별 관측자료의 부족으로 인한 지역빈도해석을 수행하여 확률강우량을 산정하고 있는 실정이다. Index Flood 기법이나 L-moment 기법과 같은 기존의 지역빈도해석은 여러 관측 지점에서 관측된 강우자료를 이용하여 매년최대 시간강우량 자료를 추출하여 동질성 분석을 통해 이질성이 없는 것으로 분석된 연최대 강우량을 빈도해석 하여 확률 강우량을 결정한다. 그러나 이와 같은 지역빈도해석은 매개변수적 지점빈도해석과 마찬가지로 적합도 검정에 통과한 다수의 분포형이 선정되는 경우에 어떤 분포형을 사용하느냐 하는 문제점이 발생할 수 있다. 그리고 선정된 여러 강우 관측 지점의 연최대 강우량 자료에 모두 동일한 확률 분포형을 이용하므로 선정된 확률 분포형이 모든 지점의 강우 자료와 적합하지 못할 가능성을 내포하고 있으며, 또한 수문자료가 여러가지 요인으로 인하여 복합분포(mixed distribution)형태를 가질 때, 매개변수적 해석방법으로는 다중 첨두를 갖는 확률밀도함수를 해석하는데는 여러 가지 어려움이 따른다. 따라서 이러한 매개변수적 확률분포형을 이용한 빈도해석의 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 비매개변수적 빈도해석이 하나의 대안으로 제시될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 강우자료의 선별을 통해 신뢰성 있는 자료를 구축하고, 기존의 매개변수를 갖는 확률 분포형을 이용한 지역빈도해석을 적용하여 확률 강우량을 산정하였다. 그리고 동질성분석을 통해 선정된 강우자료에 대해 비매개변수적 지역빈도해석을 적용하여 확률 강우량을 산정하고 각각의 방법에 대한 빈도해석 결과를 비교하여 확률강우량 해석에 있어 하나의 대안을 제시하고자 한다.X>${\mu}_{max,A}$는 최대암모니아 섭취률을 이용하여 구한 결과 $0.65d^{-1}$로 나타났다.EX>$60%{\sim}87%$가 수심 10m 이내에 분포하였고, 녹조강과 남조강이 우점하는 하절기에는 5m 이내에 주로 분포하였다. 취수탑 지점의 수심이 연중 $25{\sim}35m$를 유지하는 H호의 경우 간헐식 폭기장치를 가동하는 기간은 물론 그 외 기간에도 취수구의 심도를 표층 10m 이하로 유지 할 경우 전체 조류 유입량을 60% 이상 저감할 수 있을 것으로 조사되었다.심볼 및 색채 디자인 등의 작업이 수반되어야 하며, 이들을 고려한 인터넷용 GIS기본도를 신규 제작한다. 상습침수지구와 관련된 각종 GIS데이타와 각 기관이 보유하고 있는 공공정보 가운데 공간정보와 연계되어야 하는 자료를 인터넷 GIS를 이용하여 효율적으로 관리하기 위해서는 단계별 구축전략이 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 인터넷 GIS를 이용하여 상습침수구역관련 정보를 검색, 처리 및 분석할 수 있는 상습침수 구역 종합정보화 시스템을 구축토록 하였다.N, 항목에서 보 상류가 높게 나타났으나, 철거되지 않은 검전보나 안양대교보에 비해 그 차이가 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다.의 기상변화가 자발성 기흉 발생에 영향을 미친다고 추론할 수 있었다. 향후 본 연구에서 추론된 기상변화와 기흉 발생과의 인과관계를 확인하고 좀 더 구체화하기 위한 연구가 필요할 것이다.게 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.는 초과수익률이 상승하지만, 이후로는 감소하므로, 반전거래전략을 활용하는 경우 주식투자기간은 24개월이하의 중단기가 적합함을 발견하였다. 이상의 행태적 측면과 투자성과측면의 실증결과를 통하여 한국주식시장에 있어서 시장수익률을 평균적으로 초과할 수 있는 거래전

  • PDF

Protective Effects of a Herb, Artemisia capillaris, Against Radiation-induced DNA Damage (방사선 유도 DNA 손상에 대한 인진쑥의 방어효과)

  • Jo, Sung-Kee;Oh, Heon;Cheon, Eui-Hyun;Jeong, U-Hee;Cho, Nam-Jeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.33 no.1
    • /
    • pp.22-27
    • /
    • 2004
  • In the present study, the protective effects of Artemisia capillaris (AC) on the DNA damage induced by $^{60}$ Co ${\gamma}$-rays were evaluated using alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE, comet assay) in the mouse peripheral lymphocytes and micronuclei (MN) formation test in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We also investigated the effect of AC on 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation in the mouse liver and thymus exposed to ${\gamma}$-ray, The tail moment and the frequency of MN, which were markers of DNA damage in the SCGE and MN formation test, were decreased in the groups treated with AC extract before exposure to 200 cGy of ${\gamma}$-ray. We also observed its activities, lowering 8-OHdG level, an index of oxidative DNA damage, in the groups treated with AC extract before whole body ${\gamma}$-irradiation (800 cGy). It is plausible that scavenging of free radicals by AC may have played an important role in providing the protection against the radiation-induced damage to the DNA. These results indicated that AC protects the DNA damage induced by ${\gamma}$-rays and might be a useful radioprotector, especially since it is a relatively nontoxic product.

Family Support and Hopelessness in Patients Admitted to Neuro-Surgical Intensive Care Unit (중환자가 지각한 가족지지와 절망감과의 관계연구)

  • 김현실;조미영
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
    • /
    • v.22 no.4
    • /
    • pp.620-635
    • /
    • 1992
  • This study identified correlations between perceived family support and hopelessness in patients admitted to Neuro - surgical Intensive Care Units. The purpose was to enhance theoretical understanding of the relationships of these two variables. The subjects of this study were 51 patients admitted to N-lCU, at three general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected by researcher in structured interviews from Aug. 12 to Oct. 13, 1992. The research tools were parts of the Moos Family Environment Scale and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The general characteristic data were analyzed for frequency and percentage ; the hypothesis was tested by the pearson product Moment Correlation Coefficient. After normality tests by using Kolmogorov - Sminorvtest, and T- test, ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal -Wallis test were used on the Family Support and the Hopelessness about general charcteristics. The results of the above analysis were as follows 1) The average family support score for the group was 63.61 (tool average 51) and item average was 3.74 (tool item average 3) : the family support score of this sample was higher than average. The average family cohesion score of family support was 35.25 (tool average 27) and item average was 3.91 (tool item average 3). The average family expression score of family support was 28.35 (tool average 24) and item average was 3.57 (tool average 3). In this sample, perceived family expression was lower than family cohesion. 2) The average hopelessness score was 45.88 (tool average 60) and item average was 2.29 (tool item average 3) : the hopelessness score of this sample was low in comparison to the average. 3) The hypothesis in this study was supported. The main hypothesis that the higher the perceived family support level, the lower the level Of the hopelessness, was Supported (r=-.3869 p=.003). The sub-hypothesis that the higher the perceived family cohesion level, the lower the level of hopelessness, was supported(r=-.3688 p=.004). The sub-hypothesis that the higher the perceived family expression level, the lower the level of hopelessness, was supported (r=-.3068 p=.014). 4) General characteristics of the objects related to family support were ‘economic status’(p=.025) and ‘helping person’(P=.044) : the higher the economic status, the greater the family support. When the patient identified the helping person as a spouse, family support was rated more highly. The only general characteristic related to family cohesion was ‘helping person’(p=.041). No general characteristics were related to family expression. 5) The one general characteristic related to hopelessness was ‘education’(p=.002) : the higher their education, the lower their hopelessness. For these ICU patients, were related perceived family support and hopelessness, and family expression level was low in comparison to family cohesion level. The perceived family support of these seriously ill patients in situational crisis may have influenced the patient's emotional reaction of hopelessness. This study concluded that nurses in the ICU confirm the family support of the patient, and involve the family as the most intimate support systems in the care of the patient to help reduce the patient's hopelessness.

  • PDF

Electrical Stimulation Promotes Healing Accompanied by NOR in Keratinocytes and IGF-1 mRNA Expression in Skin Wound of Rat

  • Lee, Jae-Hyoung;Lee, Jong-Sook;Jeong, Myung-A.;JeKal, Seung-Joo;Kil, Eyn-Young;Park, Seung-Teack;Park, Chan-Eui
    • Biomedical Science Letters
    • /
    • v.13 no.1
    • /
    • pp.25-32
    • /
    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the high voltage pulsed Current (HVPC) stimulation on the healing rate and the proliferative activity of keratinocytes and IGF-I mRNA expression of an incisional wound in rat skin. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats ($265{\sim}290g$) were randomly divided into HVPC (n=10) and control group (n=10). Rats received 10 mm length of full-thickness incision wound on the back under the anesthesia. The HVPC group received electrical stimulation with a Current intensity of 50 V at 100 pps for a duration of 30 minutes, while the control group was given the same treatment without electricity for a week. Polarity was negative in first three days and positive thereafter. The wound length was measured and evaluated as percentage. The mean number of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) per nucleus and level of IGF-I mRNA expression were calculated. The mean percent of wound closure were $51.17{\pm}17.76%$ and $80.71{\pm}11.91%$, respectively, in the sham treated control and HVPC stimulated groups (t=-4.308, P<0.001). The mean NOR number per nucleus of the keratinocytes in the control and HVPC group were $1.85{\pm}0.20$ and $2.70{\pm}0.23$, respectively (t=8.638, P<0.001). The IGF-I mRNA level were $0.76{\pm}0.44$ and $1.32{\pm}0.41$, respectively, in the control and HVPC stimulated wounds (t=2.906, P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between the mean NOR number per nucleus and IGF-l mRNA level with a Pearson product moment correlation coefficient of 0.72 (P<0.05). These findings suggest that the HVPC may activate the rRNA of the basal keratinocytes and upregulate the IGF-I mRNA levels by alteration of the electrical environment, and it may increase proliferative activity of the keratinocytes in the skin wound of the rat.

  • PDF

Metabolic engineering of Vit C: Biofortification of potato

  • Upadhyaya, Chandrama P.;Park, Se-Won
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
    • /
    • 2010.10a
    • /
    • pp.14-14
    • /
    • 2010
  • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential component for collagen biosynthesis and also for the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system in humans. Unlike most of the animals, humans lack the ability to synthesize ascorbic acid on their own due to a mutation in the gene encoding the last enzyme of ascorbate biosynthesis. As a result, vitamin C must be obtained from dietary sources like plants. In this study, we have developed two different kinds of transgenic potato plants (Solanumtuberosum L. cv. Taedong Valley) overexpressing strawberry GalUR and mouse GLoase gene under the control of CaMV 35S promoter with increased ascorbic acid levels. Integration of the these genes in the plant genome was confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting. Ascorbic acid(AsA) levels in transgenic tubers were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The over-expression of these genes resulted in 2-4 folds increase in AsA intransgenic potato and the levels of AsA were positively correlated with increased geneactivity. The transgenic lines with enhanced vitamin C content showed enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses induced by methyl viologen(MV), NaCl or mannitol as compared to untransformed control plants. The leaf disc senescence assay showed better tolerance in transgenic lines by retaining higher chlorophyll as compared to the untransformed control plants. Present study demonstrated that the over-expression of these gene enhanced the level of AsA in potato tubers and these transgenics performed better under different abiotic stresses as compared to untransformed control. We have also investigated the mechanism of the abiotic stress tolerance upon enhancing the level of the ascorbate in transgenic potato. The transgenic potato plants overexpressing GalUR gene with enhanced accumulation of ascorbate were investigated to analyze the antioxidants activity of enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and their tolerance mechanism against different abiotic stresses under invitro conditions. Transformed potato tubers subjected to various abiotic stresses induced by methyl viologen, sodium chloride and zinc chloride showed significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase, enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase(APX, EC 1.11.1.11), dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), and glutathione reductase(GR, EC 1.8.1.7) as well as the levels of ascorbate, GSH and proline when compared to the untransformed tubers. The increased enzyme activities correlated with their mRNA transcript accumulation in the stressed transgenic tubers. Pronounced differences in redox status were also observed in stressed transgenic potato tubers that showed more tolerance to abiotic stresses when compared to untransformed tubers. From the present study, it is evident that improved to lerance against abiotic stresses in transgenic tubers is due to the increased activity of enzymes involved in the antioxidant system together with enhanced ascorbate accumulated in transformed tubers when compared to untransformed tubers. At moment we also investigating the role of enhanced reduced glutathione level for the maintenance of the methylglyoxal level as it is evident that methylglyoxal is a potent cytotoxic compound produced under the abiotic stress and the maintenance of the methylglyoxal level is important to survive the plant under stress conditions.

  • PDF

Hydrological homogeneous region delineation for bivariate frequency analysis of extreme rainfalls in Korea (다변량 L-moment를 이용한 이변량 강우빈도해석에서 수문학적 동질지역 선정)

  • Shin, Ju-Young;Jeong, Changsam;Joo, Kyungwon;Heo, Jun-Haeng
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
    • /
    • v.51 no.1
    • /
    • pp.49-60
    • /
    • 2018
  • The multivariate regional frequency analysis has many advantages such as an adaption of regional parameters and consideration of a correlated structure of the data. The multivariate regional frequency analysis can provide the broader and more detailed information for the hydrological variables. The multivariate regional frequency analysis has not been attempted to model hydrological variables in South Korea yet. Therefore, it is required to investigate the applicability of the multivariate regional frequency analysis in the modeling of the hydrological variables. The current study investigated the applicability of the homogeneous region delineation and their characteristics in bivariate regional frequency analysis of annual maximum rainfall depth-duration data. The K-medoid method was employed as a clustering method. The discordancy and heterogeneous measures were used to assess the appropriateness of the delineation results. According to the results of the clustering analysis, the employed stations could be grouped into five regions. All stations at three of the five regions led to acceptable values of discordancy measures than the threshold. The stations where have short record length led to the large discordancy measures. All grouped regions were identified as a homogeneous region based on heterogeneous measure estimates. It was observed that there are strong cross-correlations among the stations in the same region.

Growth and Grain Yield under Different Direct Seeding Cultures in Rice (벼 직파재배 유형에 따른 생육 및 수량)

  • Choi, Weon-Young;Kim, Sang-Su;Sin, Hyun-Tak;Cho, Soo-Yeon;Choi, Sun-Young
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
    • /
    • v.42 no.1
    • /
    • pp.14-21
    • /
    • 1997
  • This experiment was conducted to identify the growth and yield differences in rice cultural types: Broadcasting on flooded paddy surface(BF), drilling on flooded paddy surface(DF), puddled-soil drill seeding(PD), drill seeding on dried paddy flat(DD), and machine transplanting of lO-day old seedling(MT) at National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station in 1995. Among the cultural types of direct seeding, the number of seedling stand showed high in order of DD>BF>DF>PD. Tillering at early growth stage was faster in MT and effective tiller showed higher in MT than in direct seeding. Growth duration from seeding to heading was longer in direct seeding than in MT for 2-13 days of Dongjinbyeo and 10-18 days of Nonganbyeo. Root distribution ratio at the surface soil revealed high in order of BF>DF>PD>DD and MT. Culm wall thickness of 4th internode was thicker in machine transplanting of 10-day old seedling than in direct seeding, and the depth of buried culm showed deep by turns of MT> DD>PD>DF and BF. The height of center gravity and moment related to lodging revealed higher in direct seeding than machine transplanting that resulted high lodging index by turns of BF>DF>DD> PD among the direct seeding cultural type. Lodging was occured seriously in the order of BF>DF>PD>DD =MT in Dongjinbyeo but wasn't significantly different in Nonganbyeo among the cultural type. The yield components and grain yield showed varietal differences but was not significantly different between in MT and in direct seeding, and among cultural types of direct seeding.

  • PDF

Negative Support Reactions of the Single Span Twin-Steel Box Girder Curved Bridges with Skew Angles (단경간 2련 강박스 거더 곡선교의 사각에 따른 부반력 특성)

  • Park, Chang Min;Lee, Hyung Joon
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
    • /
    • v.16 no.4
    • /
    • pp.34-43
    • /
    • 2012
  • The behaviors of the curved bridges which has been constructed in the RAMP or Interchange are very complicate and different than orthogonal bridges according to the variations of radius of curvature, skew angle and spacing of shoes. Occasionally, the camber of girder and negative reactions can be occurred due to bending and torsional moment. In this study, the effects on the negative reaction in the curved bridge were investigated on the basis of design variables such as radius of curvature, skew angle, and spacing of shoes. For this study, the twin-steel box girder curved bridge with single span which is applicable for the RAMP bridges with span length(L) of 50.0m and width of 9.0m was chosen and the structural analysis to calculate the reactions was conducted using 3-dimensional equivalent grillage system. The value of negative reaction in curved bridges depends on the plan structures of bridges, the formations of structural systems, and the boundary conditions of bearing, so, radius of curvature, skew angle, and spacing of shoes among of design variables were chosen as the parameter and the load combination according to the design standard were considered. According to the results of numerical analysis, the negative reaction in curved bridge increased with an decrease of radius of curvature, skew angle, and spacing of shoes, respectively. Also, in case of skew angle of $60^{\circ}$ the negative reaction has been always occurred without regard to ${\theta}/B$, and in case of skew angle of $75^{\circ}$ the negative reaction hasn't been occurred in ${\theta}/B$ below 0.27 with the radius of curvature of 180m and in ${\theta}/B$ below 0.32 with the radius of curvature of 250m, and in case of skew angle of $90^{\circ}$ the negative reaction hasn't been occurred in the radius of curvature over 180m and in ${\theta}/B$ below 0.38 with the radius of curvature of 130m, The results from this study indicated that occurrence of negative reaction was related to design variables such as radius of curvature, skew angle, and spacing of shoes, and the problems with the stability including negative reaction will be expected to be solved as taken into consideration of the proper combinations of design variables in design of curved bridge.