• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

This study was initiated to investigate the skin whitening activities of methanol extracts from fruiting bodies of I. obliquus. The total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of I. obliquus methanol extracts were 31.85 mg/g and 28.33 mg/g, respectively. The methanol extract of the mushroom treated on B16/F10 melanoma and NIH3T3 cell lines did not show cytotoxic activity. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and chelating activity on ferrous ions of I. obliquus methanol extract were lower than those of positive control, tocopherol and BHT. The tyrosinase and L-DOPA inhibitory activities of the extract were lower than those of positive control, kojic acid and ascorbic acid. The tyrosinase and melanin synthesis inhibitory activities of the melanoma cells treated with the extract were comparable with positive control, arbutin. The experimental results suggested that methanol extract of I. obliquus contained inhibitory activities of tyrosinase and melanin synthesis in the B16/F10 melanoma cells by dose dependent manner. High ultra-violet absorption spectra in the range of 280-350 nm showed that I. obliquus extract could protect skin from UV radiation damage. Therefore, fruiting bodies of I. obliquus can be used for developing skin whitening, anti-UV and skin care agents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.1
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• pp.50-61
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• 2020

Street trees are very important to urban environments as they can alleviate air pollution. However, when ozone is absorbed through the stomata, it can induce the formation of free radicals inside the tree, negatively affecting the vegetation. The present study investigated the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of four major street tree species: Prunus yedoensis, Zelkova serrata, Chionanthus retusus, and Pinus densiflora. Two-year-old seedlings were placed in a phytotron and fumigated with 100 nL·L^-1 (ppb) ozone for 4 weeks, following which the ascorbic acid contents, chlorophyll contents, leaf pHs, and relative water contents were measured. There was no significant difference in the APTI of Prunus yedoensis and Zelkova serrata between the ozone and control treatments. By contrast, the ozone treatment caused the APTI of Chionanthus retusus to increase and that of Pinus densiflora to decrease compared with the respective controls. These results suggest that the APTI of these tree species exhibit very different responses to ozone. Therefore, more detailed research should be conducted on a range of species in the future.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2009

To determine the effects of circulation frequency of nutrient solution, three frequencies of 10min. on/10min. off; 10min. on/110min. off; and 10min. on/1,430min. off. treatments were applied to leafy vegetable production using deep flow technique (DFT) systems and their growth and phytonutrient content were investigated. In the 10min. on/I,430min. off treatment, dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) 17 days after treatment decreased to 2.8mg. $L^{-1}$, known to be a low DOC that causes hypoxia, and thereafter decreased to 1.5mg. $L^{-1}$ 20 days after treatment. Fresh weight of 7 leafy vegetables in the 10min. on/1,430min. off treatment was lower by 0${\sim}$24% than those in the 10min. on/110min. off treatment, and those in the 10min. on/10min. off was higher by -2${\sim}$34% than those in the 10min. on/110min. off treatment as control. As the more frequent circulation was applied, the higher phosphorous content and the lower carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) and total ascorbic acid contents were resulted. Results indicate that the circulation frequency of 110min, on/110min. off could be recommended for the production of the tested leafy vegetables in DFT systems.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.687-694
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• 1997

This study investigated the effects of vitamin C supplementation on the nutritional iron status of 31 adolescent girls, aged 12-15 years, with low hemoglobin levels. They were randomly divided into four groups, and for two groups daily150mg or 900mg of L-ascorbic acid(AsA) was given in three equal doses at three meals during 9 weeks. To another group daily 60mg iron as ferrous sulfate was given in the same way as AsA. The control group was given sugar placebo. Body iron status was monitored through the determination of Hb, Hct, MCHC, and serum ferritin concentrations. Dietary AsA and iron intakes were measured from food consumption surveys performed by 3-day 24-hour recalls. The amount of absorbed iron was estimated from the model of Monsen et al. The average amounts of food iron for four groups were 12.3- 15.0mg and 11.1 - 18.9mg at initial and at final period of the supplementation trial, respectively. The tentatively estimated amount of absorbed iron was significantly increased in the 900mg AsA and iron supplementing groups, but not in the 150mg AsA and placebo groups. Both Hb and MCHC were improved to above normal levels in all groups except the placebo group. Hct was elevated only in the AsA 900mg group whose Hct was relatively lower than the other groups. Serum ferritin concentrations of the four groups, which were as low as 8.50 - 14.39ng/mL on average at the intial periods, augmented significantly to 20.18ng/mL and 26.63ng/mL in the 900mg AsA and iron groups, respectively. Serum ferritin was not elevated in either the AsA 300mg group or the placebo group. The above data indicated that the daily supplementaion of 150mg AsA to the meals containing 12-15mg iron per day promoted Hb levels of adolescent girls with low Hb, and the 900mg AsA supplementing improved not only Hb level but also body iron store. A supplementation of 60mg iron per day appeared to be slightly more effective in improving the iron status in comparison to the 900mg AsA supplement. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(5) : 687-694, 1997)

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.712-719
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• 2010

This study was carries out to analyzed the antioxidant activities and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects of extracts from jujube to provide basic data for the development of functional materials. Antioxidative activities of extracts from jujube were analyzed by electron donating ability (EDA) using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity by pyrogallol and nitrite scavenging ability. Extract yields from jujube fruits were 11.55% for unripe fruits, and about twice that value when ripe fruit extracts were prepared. The yields of hot-water and ethanol extracts was 55.67 and 65.95% in dried fruits, respectively. Total phenol contents were higher in unripe fruit extracts. The EDA values of hot-water and ethanol extracts from jujube fruits were increased by increase of extract concentration, and were about 90% in 10.0 mg/mL of extract concentration. The SOD-like activity was increased by the increase of extract concentrations. The SOD-like activity of the hot-water extract from unripe fruits was higher than that of other extracts. The SOD-like activity of ethanol extracts was 39.92% at 10 mg/ml of extract concentration from unripe fruits. The nitrite scavenging ability was about 50% in 1.0 mg/ml of extract concentration at pH 1.2, and that of extracts from unripe fruits was higher than that of other extracts. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of hot-water and ethanol extracts from unripe fruits were higher than those of other extracts, were increased by concentration of extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1351-1357
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• 2007

"Hae-Songi" mushroom is a kind of Hypsizigus marmoreus, one of the edible mushrooms. Powder and hot water extracts of the mushroom fruit-body were investigated for their proximate composition, amino acid contents, ${\beta}-glucan$ contents, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. The measured antioxidant activity included free radical scavenging activity against DPPH, reducing power $Fe^{2+}$ chelating ability and SOD activity. Mushroom extracts exhibited in vitro antioxidant activity. This mushroom contained high protein (29%, total amino acid contents 204.86 mg/g), free amino acids (46.53 mg/g) and ${\beta}-glucan$(0.11%). At a concentration of 1% extracts solutions (w/v) according to different extraction times, DPPH free radical-scavenging activities were found to exhibit $89%{\sim}92%$ inhibition. Positive correlations $(R^2=0.9901{\sim}0.7424)$ were found between total phenolic content in the mushroom hot water extracts and their antioxidant activity. In this study, it is demonstrated that "Hae-Songi" mushroom may possess potential for use as a health food, due to theirantioxidant capacity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.45-53
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• 2017

Objective : Nelumbo nucifera, its rhizome and semen have been used as a traditional medicine which was studied on antioxidant, hepatoprotective effect, anti-obesity and the others. However, Nelumbinis Flos have not studied. We investigated protective effects on oxidative DNA damage and anti-inflammatory effects of Nelumbinis Flos. Methods : The antioxidant activity was conducted by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2, 2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay. Total phenolic content was analyzed. Also, phenolic compounds were detected by HPLC/UV. The inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage was determined using ${\Phi}X-174$ RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay. The anti-inflammatory effect of Nelumbinis Flos was measured by the amount of nitric-oxide (NO) produced and protein levels of iNOS, and COX-2 in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells. Results : The results of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity at $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of extraction were $97.02{\pm}0.88%$ and $96.42{\pm}0.25%$. Reducing power (fold of L-ascorbic acid as control) was $100.14{\pm}0.31$ at $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Total phenol content was $8.70{\pm}0.02mg/g$. Chlorogenic acid, catechin and epicatechin were found by HPLC. Nelumbinis Flos has inhibitory effect in dose-manner against oxidative DNA damage. In addition, it showed the anti-inflammatory effect by suppression of NO production as well as protein levels of iNOS, and COX-2. Conclusion : This study suggested that Nelumbinis Flos showed potential antioxidant and suppression activities of various factors were related in NO produced. Therefore, Nelumbinis Flos as natural plant resources that may help reduce inflammation and alleviate DNA damage.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.841-848
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• 2018

The flavonoid content and antioxidant effects of extracts from Stachys sieboldii Miq. and Lycopus lucidus Turcz were compared. The flavonoid content of the acetone + methylene chloride (A+M) extract of L. lucidus Turcz was 233.2 mg/g, suggesting that the extract was greater than that of S. sieboldii Miq. In the DPPH assay and the A+M and methanol (MeOH) extracts from L. lucidus Turcz had greater scavenging effects than those of S. sieboldii Miq. (p<0.05). The A+M extract from L. lucidus Turcz (0.5 mg/ml concentration) had an 82% scavenging effect in the DPPH assay. In the ABTS assay, A+M extracts from both S. sieboldii Miq. and L. lucidus Turcz (0.5 mg/ml concentration) had scavenging effects of 90% and 88%, respectively (p<0.05), suggesting that both A+M extracts had greater scavenging effects than those of both MeOH extracts. In a 120 min ROS production assay, all tested extracts dose-dependently decreased the cellular ROS production that was induced by $H_2O_2$, as compared to those produced by exposure to the extract-free control. The A+M extracts from both S. sieboldii Miq. and L. lucidus Turcz had greater inhibitory effects on cellular ROS production than those of both MeOH extracts at all concentrations tested. Treatment with the A+M extracts from S. sieboldii Miq. and L. lucidus Turcz (0.25 mg/ml concentration) inhibited the cellular ROS production by 60% and 86%, respectively. These results suggest that the A+M extracts of Stachys sieboldii Miq. and L. lucidus Turcz inhibit cellular oxidation and may contain valuable bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.466-473
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the reduction in bitter taste and quality characteristics by pretreatments (brining; 1, 5% and blanching; 1, 3 min) in pickled bitter melon, respectively. We prepared picked bitter melon samples at 1%-1 min, 1%-3 min, 5%-1 min, 5%-3 min. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were found to be the highest in 5%-1 min at $14.23{\pm}0.40mg\;CE/g$ (dry) and $4.46{\pm}0.10mg\;RE/g$ (dry), respectively. L-ascorbic acid level was the highest in control samples. Arginine and glutamic acid were increased by brining and blanching. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity were found to be the highest at $43.60{\pm}0.40$ and $44.88{\pm}0.20%$ at 5%-1 min, respectively. ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity was the highest at 5%-1 min. The a value was statistically different, whereas L and b values were similar among different pretreatments. Hardness in pretreated samples was decreased as compared to that in the control. Among sensory evaluations, 'color' did not indicate any statistical difference, while 'texture', 'bitterness preference' and 'overall preference' increased with pretreatments, and 'bitter intensity' decreased.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.34-40
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate the lipid and the antioxidant regulatory potential of a multigrain diet in laboratory animals with reference to lipid profiles, tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status. Methods: Two types of diets, with or without addition of cholesterol, were used in the study - a commercial diet and a formulated multigrain diet (with Sorghum vulgare, Avena sativa, Pennisetum typhoideum, Oryza sativa, Eleusine coracana and Zea mays grains). After a 10-week period of feeding the diets to albino rats the plasma, liver and fecal lipid profiles and the hepatic and renal antioxidant status of the animals that were fed the commercial and the formulated diets (with and without cholesterol addition) were assessed. Results: The commercial diet supplemented with cholesterol elevated the levels of plasma total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), as well as the atherogenic index (AI). The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content and the antioxidant profiles (total ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase reduced glutathione) declined along with increases in lipid peroxidation. The formulated diet (with and without addition of cholesterol) was found to be more efficient than the commercial diet in controlling plasma, hepatic and fecal lipid profiles, as well as hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status, than of the hypercholesteremic animals. Conclusion: The multigrain diet used in the present study is effective in countering the hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress caused by high cholesterol intake.