• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.705-711
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• 2017

Lespedeza cuneata (LC) is a herbaceous plant that grows throughout Korea. To investigate the physicochemical properties and the antioxidant activities of LC extracts and LC-soaked liquor (s. liquor), extraction with distilled water (DW) and ethanol was conducted and the extracts were compared with s. liquor. A total of 22 free amino acids from LC extract were detected, with the main ones being phosphoethanolamine 20.36>L-proline 18.02>ammonia 14.48>L-aspartic acid 12.96>${\gamma}$-amino-n-butyric acid 10.67%. The total flavonoid contents (TFC) and total phenolics contents (TPC) were in the order of s. liquor>DW>ethanol extract. The electron donating ability based on DPPH radical scavenging ability was highest for s.liquor, which equivalents 81.4% ascorbic acid in the order of s. liquor>ethanol>DW extract. The orders of ferric reducing antioxidant power and ABTS radical scavenging ability were proportional to the TFC and TPC of extracts, and in the order of s. liquor>ethanol>DW extract. The nitrite scavenging ability of s. liquor was highest among the three extracts (96.6% at pH 1.2), which was 2.6 times greater than that of DW extract.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate anti-wrinkle effects of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced photoaging with wrinkle formation. AS extract showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity (3 ${\mu}g/mL$ as $IC_{50}$) and collagenase inhibition (1.52 mg/mL as $IC_{50}$) than those of ascorbic acid (50 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 2.17 mg/mL, respectively). Cell proliferation and type I pN collagen synthesis were increased by 11.4% and 96.4%, respectively, compared with non treatment control. In vivo, SKH-1 hairless mice were administrated AS 400 mg/kg for 10 weeks with UVB irradiation three times a week. After 10 weeks, a visual assessment and replica assay were performed on each mouse. According to visual assessment of close-up photos and skin replica, oral administration of A. senticosus affected on inhibition of wrinkle formation caused by UVB irradiation on the skin of mice as compared to the vehicle treated control mice. These results indicated that A. senticosus could protect skin wrinkle formation caused by collagen synthesis of fibroblast cells and photo-irradiation of UVB in hairless mice.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.76-79
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• 2013

We evaluated antioxidant activities of heated pear juice (HPJ) exposed to 120, 130, and $140^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr. HPJ was partitioned using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The ethyl acetate fraction treated at $130^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr showed strong antioxidant activity; thus, this extract was isolated and purified using silica gel column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The structure of the purified compound was determined using ultraviolet and mass spectrometry, $^1H$-nucelar magnetic resonance (NMR), and $^{13}C$-NMR. Antioxidant activities of the isolated compound were evaluated and compared with ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) using DPPH and ABTS assays. The isolated compound was identified as 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP). The DPPH radical-scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$) of DDMP occurred in the following order: ascorbic acid ($45.3{\mu}g/mL$) > ${\alpha}$-tocopherol ($69.2{\mu}g/mL$) > DDMP ($241.6{\mu}g/mL$) > BHT ($268.0{\mu}g/mL$). Furthermore, DDMP showed strong ABTS radical-scavenging activity (569.0 mg AA eq/g).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.836-841
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• 2014

Physiological activities of extracts form Pleurotus cornucopiae were examined. DPPH radical scavenging activity of water extract was 70.22 percent at 4 mg/mL, which was the highest among all extracts. Total polyphenol content of water extract was 26.34 mg/g, which was the highest value for all extraction conditions. Superoxide anion radical scavenging activities ranged from 50.17 to 80.56 percent at 1, 2, and 4 mg/mL, which were higher than the ascorbic acid activity (56.19% at 10 mg/mL) (P<0.05). ACE inhibitory activities were higher in ethanolic extracts than in water extracts. Nitrite-scavenging abilities under acidic conditions (pH 1.2 and pH 3.0) were the most effective among all the extracts. These results will be useful for understanding the physiological activities of Pleurotus cornucopiae.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.565-570
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• 1993

Peroxidase from Jerusalem artichoke tubers, which might be related to browning reaction, was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200 chromatography. The optimum pH of the purified peroxidase was 5.0 and relatively stable at pH $5.0{\sim}6.0$ using substrate of p-phenylenediamine and $H_2O_2$. D-values for thermal inactivation at 60, 70 and $80^{\circ}C$ were 86, 45 and 33 sec, respectively. Activation energy was 4,111 J/mole. The enzyme showed the most sensitive specificity of substrate for p-phenylenediamine. The compounds such as 1mM potassium cyanide, 10mM sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, L-ascorbic acid, sodium hydrosulfite and L-cysteine inhibited completely while 1mM of $Ca^{2+}\;and\;Cu^{2+}$ activated the purified peroxidase.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.256-259
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• 1999

Tyrosinases are related to the enzymatic browning of plants and attract the major scientific interest for the prevention of it. Three tyrosinase isozymes ($P_1$, $P_2$ and $P_3$) from pine needles were purified to homogeneity and characterized the factors that affect their activities. The L-ascorbic acid and ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol notably inhibited the enzymatic activities of the three isozymes. The sodium diethyldithiocarbamate was a competitive inhibitor of isozymes with the $K_i$ values of $P_1$(0.030 mM), $P_2$(0.015 mM) and $P_3$(0.019 mM), respectively. Their enzyme activities were however, increased by the addition of most metal ions. The optimum pH for the three isozymes was 9.0~9.5 and the optimum temperatures ranged from 55 to $60^{\circ}C$ using L-DOPA as substrate.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.506-514
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• 1987

Peroxidase was purified to a homogeneous state from Castanea Semen by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, gel filtration on sephadex G-100 and HPLC, and the purification fold was 65.3. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 35,000 by HPLC. In properties of the enzyme which was purified up to sephadex G-100 column chromatography, the optimum pH and temperature were 5.0 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. By heating the enzyme at $80^{\circ}C$ for 1.73 min., the enzyme activity was decreased to 10%. The enzyme was active toward aromatic amines such as o-phenylenediamine and p-phenylendiamine. Kinetic studies indicated a Km of 2.6mM for o-phenylenediamine at an optimal hydrogen-peroxide concentration and a Km of 10mM for hydrogenperoxide at an optimal o-phenylenediamine concentration. Among the reagents tested, L-ascorbic acid and sodium L-ascorbate inhibited significantly the enzyme, while $Ca^{++}$ and $Ba^{++}$ activated the enzyme at the concentration of 1mM and 5mM.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1983

The characteristics of crude polyphenol oxidase extracted from mushroom[Tricholoma matsutake(S. Ito et Imai) Sing.] were investigated. The enzyme showed highest affinity to pyrogaroll among trihydroxyphenols. Except for o-diphenols the enzyme was inactive in di-and monophenols. The optimum pH was about 4 and the optimum temperature ranged from 45 to $55^{\circ}C$. The enzyme activity was completely inhibited by $70^{\circ}C$ heat treatment for 2 min. $Cu^{++}$, $Fe^{++}$ and $Mg^{++}$ activated the enzyme at low concentration($10^{-1}mM$), but inhibited at high concentration (1mM). The most potent inhibitors were Na-diethyldithiocarbamate, L-ascorbic acid, L-cysteine and NaCl. The Km value with pyrogaroll was 0.88mM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.84-90
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• 1992

Peroxidase in the fruit of Malus sieboldii (Regel) Rehder was partially purified by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and Ultro-AcA 54 gel filtration. The optimum pH of peroxidase was 4.5 and optimum temperature was $80^{\circ}C$. The enzyme was stable at pH 5.0 and below $30^{\circ}C$, and inactivated by heat treatment at $80^{\circ}C$ for 15min. In the presence of 30mM $H_{2}O_2$ Km value on o-phenylenediamine as substrate was 1.65mM, and in the presence of 10mM o-phenylenediamine Km value on $H_{2}O_2$ was 7.97mM. L-Ascorbic acid and sodium L-ascorbate greatly inhibited the enzyme activity and among several metal ions $Mn^{2+}$ only increased the activity at 5mM.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 1979

Two pure saponin components, Panax saponin C (protopanaxatriol derivative, ginsenoside Re) and Panax saponin E (protopanaxadiol derivative, ginsenoside $Rb_l$) were isolated from Panax ginseng root and their acute toxicities in mice and antistress effects in rats were investigated. Average lethal doses $(LD_{50})$ of ginsenoside Re were 130mg/kg (i.v.), more than 1,000mg/kg (i.p.) and more than 1,500mg/kg (s.c.), respectively. Average lethal dose of ginsenoside $Rb_{1}$ was 243mg/kg intravenously. Adrenal ascorbic acid and cholesterol contents were significantly decreased when normal rats were exposed to heat $(40^{\circ}C)$ for 30 min. The reduction of the adrenal ascorbic acid and cholesterol contents in rats was partially prevented when the rats received the ginseng saponins prior to exposure to heat stress and most pronounced effects were observed in rats received ginsenoside Re. However, it was found that administration of ginseng alone, without stress, did not significantly change the ascorbic acid and cholesterol contents in adrenal glands. Eosinophil counts in the blood of the rats were elevated when the rats were exposed to the heat stress, and the elevation of the eosinophil counts were prevented with the ginseng saponins under the stress, but the changes were all insignificant statistically.