• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.46-51
• /
• 1999

Age, hatching date and growth in length of juvenile Limanda yokohamae were determined by analysis of microstructure in otoliths. Monthly samples were collected by a beach seine in the shallow water off Gaduk-do from January to December, 1998. The juveniles were collected between February and April. Mean total length was $22.6{\pm}1.77\;mm$ ($\pm$SD) in February, $23.6{\pm}3.86\;mm$ in March, and $38.2{\pm}8.38\;mm$ in April. The core of otoliths ranged from 18 to $21\;{\mu}m$ in diameter and the growth increments were deposited concentrically from the hatching mark. The secondary growth layer began to appear at the 48 to 56-th increment. It indicates that L. yokohamae larvae may be completed the metamorphosis at this time of ca. 52 d after hatching, and moved into the shallow water for demersal stage. The hatching date calculated from the number of daily increments was between late November and early January, showing a peak in December. The total length (L, mm) was related to otolith radius (R, ${\mu}m$); L=0.055 R+5.81 ($r^2=0.88$). The growth in total length was represented by the Gompertz growth curve; $L_t=3.39e^{4.51(1-e^{-0.0067t})}$ ($r^2=0.81$). Daily growth rate was 0.35 mm/d at the age of 70 d and increased up to 0.55 mm/d at the age of 120 d.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosomatic health status of printers. The 77 printers and 24 control group were analysed about salary, drinking, smoking, education, sex, marriage, age and working age by the THI (Todai Health Index) questionaire. THI was modified from CMI(Cornell Medical Index) and developed by Tokyo University Research Team in Japan. The resuts obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The printers, who get more salary showed high score about mental conplaints, especially, mental irritability(j), nervusness (E), lie Scale(L), aggressiveness(F) and irregualr life(G) and lower salary showed generally high score about physical complaints, especially, mouth and anus (D), digestive symptom(C) multiple subjective symptom(I). 2. According to the printers drinking amount shows the difference, eg nondrinker scored higher on mouth and anus(D), 90mg/week drinker scored higher on multiple subjective symptom(I), digestive symptom(C), depression(K), nervousness(E), and irregular life(G), 91~179mg/week drinker scored higher on impulsiveness(H), mental irritability(J), 270~359mg/week drinker scored higher on respiratory(A), lie scale (L) and aggressiveness (F). 3. The nonsmoker scored high level on mouth and anus(D), mental irritability(J). The previous smoker scored on multiple symptom(I), eyes and skin(B), digestive(C), lie scale(L), and depression(K). The present smoker scored on respiratory(A), impulsivehess(H), aggressiveness(F), nervousness(E), and irregular life(G). 4. According to the printers working age showed almost high score about subjective symptoms on 1~3 year. 5. Men printers high scored on respiratory(A). lie scale(L), aggressiveness(F), women printers scored about mental complaints, especially, impulsiveness(H), mental irritability(J), depression (K), nervousness (E). 6. According to the printers age showed high scored about, below 20 years were lie scale(L). aggressiveness(F), irregular life(G) 21~30years were multiple subjective symptom(I) respiratory (A), eyes and skin(B), mouth and anus(D), impulsiveness(H), mental irritability(J), depression (K), nervousness(E), and over 41 years were digestive(C). 7. Married printers scored high level on eyes and skin(B), digestive(C) and impulsivehess(H), and single printers on respiratory(A), mouth and anus(D), lie scale(L), mental irritability(J). 8. According to education shows the difference, eg high school scored higher on eyes and skin (B), mental irritability(J), depression(K), nervousness(E), collage and over scored higher on multiple subjective symptom(I ), respiratory (A), mouth and anus (D), lie scale (L), aggressiveness (F), irregular life (G), and middle school scored high on digestive (C), impulsiveness (H).

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.23-39
• /
• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of herbal medicine and other associated factors for abnormal liver function tests(especially total bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ${\gamma}GT$) levels in outpatients at an oriental medical clinic. Methods : A cross-sectional study based on clinical records was conducted on 1,871 patients at one Oriental medical clinic in Seoul, Korea. 504 patients received a liver function tests for screening and 497 patients ranging from the age of 4 to 74 were chosen for the study. Patients with basal liver disease or DM were excluded during the screening process. Patients were classified into case(abnormal) and control(normal) groups by normal liver function test references. Results and Conclusions : In this study, 33.0% of the patients were females, and 67.0% were males. The mean age was $34.7{\pm}11.9$ years old. The mean total protein value was $6.78{\pm}0.66g/dL$(male $6.79{\pm}0.61$, female $6.76{\pm}0.76$), albumin $3.89{\pm}0.50g/dL$(male $3.94{\pm}0.47$, female $3.81{\pm}0.54$), total bilirubin $0.51{\pm}0.35mg/dL$(male $0.54{\pm}0.39$, female $0.45{\pm}0.23$), AST $23.31{\pm}18.22U/L$(male $26.37{\pm}20.73$, female $17.09{\pm}8.72$), ALT $33.49{\pm}36.36U/L$(male $40.56{\pm}41.77$, female $19.13{\pm}12.64$), LDH $258.07{\pm}74.84mg/dL$(male $263.68{\pm}73.77$, female $246.70{\pm}75.92$), and ${\gamma}GT$ $39.64{\pm}59.16U/L$(male $50.15{\pm}69.43$, female $17.83{\pm}8.36$). The percentage of abnormal total bilirubin levels(>1.0) in these patients was 2.6%, abnormal AST levels(>39m, >29f) 8.5%, ALT levels(>47m, >32f) 18.8%, and ${\gamma}GT$ (>50m, >40f) 19.9%.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.864-871
• /
• 2008

The chemical components and physiological activities of Neungee mushroom (Sarcodon aspratus) were investigated to assess its nutritional and functional value. The moisture, total protein, crude fat and ash contents of Neungee mushroom were 85.73%, 1.78%, 1.87% and 1.27%, respectively. The alanine, linoleic acid, tartaric acid and glucose concentrations in Neungee mushrooms were 90.11, 39.09, 75.47 and 1,680 mg%, respectively. The radical and nitrate scavenging activities in Neungee mushroom extracts were 46.2% and 77.8% on $800{\mu}g/mL$ depending on the extract concentration. The lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect of Neungee mushroom extract ($1,500\;{\mu}g/mL$) was $2,347\;{\mu}mol$ MDA/g liver. We also observed that an extract concentration of $1,500\;{\mu}g/mL$ was more effective than the control at 7 d. The cytotoxicity of the Neungee mushroom extract ($100\;{\mu}g/mL$) for the A549 (lung carcinoma) cells was 96.0%.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.281-287
• /
• 2012

Objective : To evaluate the effect of calcium supplementation on spinal bone fusion in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods : Sixteen female Sprague Dawley rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy at 12 weeks of age to induce osteoporosis and were randomly assigned to two groups : control group (n=8) and calcium-supplemented group (OVX-Ca, n=8). Autologous spinal bone fusion surgery was performed on both groups 8 weeks later. After fusion surgery, the OVX-Ca group was supplemented with calcium in drinking water for 8 weeks. Blood was obtained 4 and 8 weeks after fusion surgery. Eight weeks after fusion surgery, the rats were euthanized and the L4-5 spine removed. Bone fusion status and fusion volume were evaluated by manual palpation and three-dimensional computed tomography. Results : The mean fusion volume in the L4-5 spine was significantly greater in the OVX-Ca group ($71.80{\pm}8.06mm^3$) than in controls ($35.34{\pm}8.24mm^3$) (p<0.01). The level of osteocalcin, a bone formation marker, was higher in OVX-Ca rats than in controls 4 weeks ($610.08{\pm}10.41$ vs. $551.61{\pm}12.34$ ng/mL) and 8 weeks ($552.05{\pm}19.67$ vs. $502.98{\pm}22.76$ ng/mL) after fusion surgery (p<0.05). The level of C-terminal telopeptide fragment of type I collagen, a bone resorption marker, was significantly lower in OVX-Ca rats than in controls 4 weeks ($77.07{\pm}12.57$ vs. $101.75{\pm}7.20$ ng/mL) and 8 weeks ($69.58{\pm}2.45$ vs. $77.15{\pm}4.10$ ng/mL) after fusion surgery (p<0.05). A mechanical strength test showed that the L4-5 vertebrae in the OVX-Ca group withstood a 50% higher maximal load compared with the controls (p<0.01). Conclusion : Dietary calcium given to OVX rats after lumbar fusion surgery improved fusion volume and mechanical strength in an ovariectomized rat model.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.123-127
• /
• 2002

Echinacea is a North American native medicinal herb used traditionally for wounds, burns, snake or insect bites, colds, infections, and inflammation by indigenous Americans. We investigated the effects of the root and stem of fresh Korean-grown Echinacea angustifolia methanol extracts and fractionation extracts on the cytotoxicity against cancer cells (HL60, 3LL). The extracts were prepared by step-wise fractionation of methanol extracts of Echinacea angustifolia using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, buthanol, and water. From the tests, root and stem parts of Echinacea showed the cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. The cytotoxie rate of the ethyl acetate fraction of the root parts showed 79% against HL60 cells at low concentration (0.125 mg/mL), and hexane fraction of the root and stem parts gradually increased as the concentration of samples increased, and the root parts showed 82% at 1.0 mg/mL concentration against HL60 cells, chloroform fraction of the root part showed 78.4% against HL60 cells and 68.4% on 3LL cells at 1.0 mg/mL concentration, water and butanol fraction of these results, it is considered that ethyl acetate fraction of the root and stem parts showed 60.1% to 77.1% against HL60 cells, after testing by MTT assay system. From these results, it is considered that ethyl acetate fraction of the Echinacea angustifolia root parts has stronger anticancer effects than any other fractions in vitro.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.627-631
• /
• 2007

The factors affecting on sludge sedimentation are reported as F/M ratio, ingredient, composition of influent substrate, dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, pH, filamentous bacteria and SRT. Aeration tank applying Bacillus sp. has an important role for maintaining the dominant microorganism species to make steady progress for spore growth affecting sedimentation. This research aims to investigate the affecting factor for the sedimentation in B3 system and RABC system with aeration tank applying tapered aeration. Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), protein and carbohydrate can be produced for the extreme condition, that is down to 0.2 mg/L of dissolved oxygen in the aeration tank. This research found out the relation between the sedimentation and the EPS production, especially the ratio of protein/carbohydrate. The spore of Bacillus sp. was formed at the low DO then microorganisms produced EPS. The results showed that the production of EPS was 109.95 mgEPS/gSS at 1.6 mg/L of DO, however it was 131.77 mgEPS/gSS at 0.5 mg/L of DO. The sedimentation was affected by protein content in EPS and the ratio of protein and carbohydrate. The settleability of sludge was not affected by the ratio of protein/carbohydrate in B3 process, meanwhile settleability was affected by the ratio of it in RABC process, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.297-302
• /
• 2008

In this study, Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower tea was prepared according to different pan-firing times (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 min) and its quality characteristics were investigated. Total nitrogen and tannin contents increased with increasing pan-firing time, whereas chlorophyll and total amino acid (AA) contents decreased. The total AA contents of the samples ranged from 6,399 to 7,068 mg%, and the highest content (7,068 mg%) was found with the 10 min panfiring treatment. The AAs occurring in the C. indicum L. flower tea included glutamic acid and aspartic acid, which are desirable flavor components. As the pan-firing time increased, antioxidant activity as well as total polyphenol and flavonoid contents increased. The highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were found in the 15 min treatment at levels of 13.85 mg tannic acid equiv./g and 9.77 mg catechin equiv./g, respectively. The 15 min pan-firing treatment also had the highest total antioxidant activity at 19.33 mg ascorbic acid equiv. eg/100 g. Finally, based on sensory evaluations, the 10 min pan-fired C. indicum L. flower tea had the best overall quality.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 2009

The antioxidant properties and protective effects of Inula britannica on ${H_2}{O_2}$-induced SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell damage were investigated. A series of solvent fractions, including hexane(Fr.H), petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate(Fr.EA), and water fraction(Fr.W), were prepared from the 70% methanol extracts of Inula britannica. Fr.W had the highest total contents of phenolics and flavonoids, followed by Fr.EA. The antioxidant properties of the fractions were also evaluated by analyzing their scavenging activities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radicals, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, and nitric oxide. Fr.W showed the strongest activities in all assays. The concentrations of Fr.W that resulted in 50% reductions of the DPPH and ABTS radicals were 20.7 ${\mu}g$/mL and 39.4 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively. Fr.W showed the weakest cytotoxic activities on the SH-SY5Y cells, whereas it effectively protected ${H_2}{O_2}$-induced cell death, increasing cell survival by 35.0-77.0% at a concentration range of 62.5-250 ${\mu}g$/mL. In this range, Fr.W also significantly decreased intracellular ROS levels by 34-39%. Overall, the antioxidant properties of Inula britannica can contribute to rescuring neuronal cells from oxidative stress-induced cell injury.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.32-40
• /
• 2021

This study examined the association between hypertension (HTN), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) in Korean adults. Data for 8,922 adults (3,941 men and 4,981 women) aged ≥20 years from the Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013~2014) were analyzed. In men, after adjusting for the related variables, the odds ratios (ORs) of HTN [systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, or use of HTN medications] were significantly higher in the decreased eGFR group [eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 ㎡, 1.98 (95% CI, 1.21~3.24)], elevated ACR group [ACR ≥30 mg/g, 2.03 (95% CI, 1.54~2.69)], and decreased eGFR plus elevated ACR group [eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 ㎡ and ACR ≥30 mg/g, 6.03 (95% CI, 2.82~12.92)] than in the normal group (eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 ㎡ and ACR <30 mg/g). In women, after adjusting for the related variables, the ORs of HTN were significantly higher in the decreased eGFR group (2.29, 95% CI, 1.27~4.13), elevated ACR group (2.22, 95% CI, 1.68~2.94), and decreased eGFR plus elevated ACR group (10.77, 95% CI, 3.89~29.82) than the normal group. In conclusion, HTN was associated with a decreased eGFR and elevated ACR in Korean men and women. In addition, the prevalence of HTN increased greatly when a decreased eGFR and elevated ACR occurred simultaneously.