• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.84-90
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• 2016

Regionally the lowest average concentration of TOC was observed with 0.66 mg/L in Nakdong river, while the highest concentration of TOC was observed with 0.91 mg/L in Yeongsan river. The average concentration of TOC for national water quality monitoring site showed that the lowest average concentration of TOC was 1.58 mg/L in Han river, while the highest concentration of TOC was 3.37 mg/L in Yeongsan river. Seasonally, the average concentration of TOC at six upstream sites showed 0.77 mg/L and 0.56 mg/L, 0.69 mg/L and 0.63 mg/L, 0.80 mg/L and 0.73 mg/L, and 1.21 mg/L and 0.68 mg/L between wet season and dry season in Han river, Nakdong river, Gem river and Yeongsan river, respectively. For the national water quality site, the average concentration of TOC between wet season and dry season was 1.70 mg/L and 1.45 mg/L in Han river, 2.01 mg/L and 1.75 mg/L in Nakdong river, 2.01 mg/L and 1.60 mg/L in Gem river, and 3.75 mg/L and 3.00 mg/L in Yeongsan river. The distribution of TOC in upstream and national water quality monitoring sites on four major rivers have been influenced by seasonal and regional characteristics in Korea.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2017

Purpose: Lycium ruthenicum Murr. is a nutritional food that has been used widely for treatment of heart disease, abnormal menstruation, and menopause. Methods: In this study, the crude protein, crude lipid and crude ash contents of two different Lycii fruits with different colors were investigated, and their color values, total sugar, pH, total anthocyanins and total carotenoids were analyzed. Results: Regarding crude ash, crude fat and crude protein contents, the L. barbarum showed higher in crude fat and crude protein contents than black fruits, whereas L. ruthenicum showed higher contents than black fruits. Regarding mineral composition, mineral contents were in the other of K, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn, and Fe. The K content was high in all of the samples, and the contents of Cr and Cu were not measured. The pH values of L. ruthenicum and L. barbarum were $5.00{\pm}0.01$ and $5.08{\pm}0.02$, respectively. The total sugar content of L. ruthenicum was 45.45% while that of L. barbarum was 45.43%. Ascorbic acid content of L. barbarum was $50.86{\pm}3.63%$ while that of L. ruthenicum was $6.3{\pm}1.40%$. The total anthocyanin content of L. ruthenicum was $462.22{\pm}0.41mg/100g$, although no anthocyanin was detected in L. barbarum. The total carotenoids content was $812.25{\pm}6.01mg/100g$ in L. barbarum, although that of L. ruthenicum was not measured. Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that there is a large difference in the composition of functional ingredients of L. ruthenicum and L. barbarum. There is a strong possibility of L. ruthenicum to be developed into color food sources.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.87-91
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• 1991

This study was performed to examine the mineral binding properties of total dietary fiber (TDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) from Job's tears (Yulmoo: Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. Ma-yuen Stapf.) bran. The endogenous Ca and Fe contents of dietary fiber extracted from Yulmoo bran were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Ca contents were 40, 118.6$\mu\textrm{g}$ Ca/g TDF and 131.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$ Ca/g ADF. Fe contents were 1,219.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$ Fe/g TDF and 277.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$ Fe/g ADF. The calcium binding capacities of dietary fiber at pH 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 were 50.77, 77.57, 86.64% for TDF, 40.27, 51.42, 40.90% for ADF, respectively. The iron binding capacity of dietary fiber at pH 5.0~7.0 was 95~97% for TDF and 85~95% for ADF.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2006

The hot spring water of the north Jeonla province such as Wanggung, Jookrim, Seokjung, and Hwasim, has fluoride concentration of 3.9 mg/L, 12.7 mg/L, 1.9 mg/L, and 6.3 mg/L, respectively. These figures fairly exceed the Korean and WHO standard for potable water, which is 1.5 mg/L. Therefore, in this study, research on elimination of fluoride in a hot spring water of Jookrim region, which has the highest level of fluoride concentration level in the north Jeonla province, was carried out. In analysis of Jookrim hot spring water according to the water quality standard for potable water, pH was very high at 9.25 and the concentration of fluoride was 10 times higher than the standard at 18.2 mg/L. Other measurements were within the standard or not detected. After injecting 10g of activated carbon for elimination of fluoride, the fluoride concentration was measured at 13.5 mg/L, and when 70mL or more of alum 10 g/L solution was injected, the concentration was measured at 2.8 mg/L, and injecting 3g of lime was measured at 9 mg/L. Alum showed the best elimination performance among all individual injections. Injection of 25 mL of activated carbon and 100 mL of alum solution together reduced the fluoride concentration down to 1.3 mg/L, which is under the potable standard. Injection of lime 1g and 75 mL of alum 10 g/L solution together reduced fluoride concentration to 4.1 mg/L. From the modifying HRT, by using ion exchange resin column, the pH was stabilized when HRT was Imin and showed range of $6.7{\sim}7.8$. The fluoride concentration reduced gradually as the HRT increased, and satisfied the potable standard when HRT passed 6 min, and after 30 min HRT, the concentration of fluoride was 0.05 mg/L: almost eliminated.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.110-113
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• 2024

Numerous studies have indicated that organic fertilizers (OFer) might contain heavy metals (HMs) that present health risks to organic farmers (OFar). This study compared the concentrations of six HMs (Zn, Ni, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr) in the blood of two distinct groups of farmers: 30 OFar from a designated organic area in eastern Taiwan, and 74 conventional farmers (CFar) from neighboring non-organic designated regions. The findings revealed that the OFar exhibited higher levels of Zn (1202.70 ± 188.74 ㎍/L), Cr (0.20 ± 0.09 ㎍/L), and Ni (2.14 ± 1.48 ㎍/L) in their blood compared to the CFar (988.40 ± 163.16 ㎍/L, 0.18 ± 0.15 ㎍/L, and 0.77 ± 1.23 ㎍/L), respectively. The disparities in Zn, Cr, and Ni levels were measured at 214.3 ㎍/L, 0.02 ㎍/L, and 1.37 ㎍/L, respectively. Furthermore, among the OFar, those who utilized green manures (GM) displayed significantly elevated blood levels of Zn (1279.93 ± 156.30 ㎍/L), Cr (0.24 ± 0.11 ㎍/L), and Ni (1.94 ± 1.38 ㎍/L) compared to individuals who exclusively employed chemical fertilizers (CFer) (975.42 ± 165.35 ㎍/L, 0.19 ± 0.16 ㎍/L, and 0.74 ± 1.20 ㎍/L), respectively. The differences in Zn, Cr, and Ni levels were measured at 304.51 ㎍/L, 0.05 ㎍/L, and 1.20 ㎍/L, respectively. As a result, OFar should be careful in choosing OFer and avoid those that may have heavy metal contamination.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.529-533
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• 2005

The respiratory characteristics of Korean fresh ginseng were investigated from the aspect of picking season, size, and storage temperature and period to get basic data for extension of shelf-life. The respiration rate of fresh ginseng picked in March was 4.09 mL $CO_2/kg{\cdot}hr$ at $0^{\circ}C$. It was gradually increased to August, 7.88 mL $CO_2/kg{\cdot}hr$ at $0^{\circ}C$, and then decreased continuously until November. Although the rate of fresh ginseng was different by picking season, the respiration quotient showed the same level, $1.03\~1.07$. Respiration rate by size was ranged from 3.47 to 5.69 mL $CO_2/kg{\cdot}hr$ at $0^{\circ}C$, and smaller in the size was higher in the rate. $Q_{10}$ value of fresh ginseng was $2.68\~2.88$ when the temperature increased from $0^{\circ}C\;to\;10^{\circ}C$ and $1.77\~2.16$ from $10^{\circ}C\;to\;20^{\circ}C$, and it was slightly different by picking season. At the beginning of storage the respiration rate was 7.0 mL $CO_2/kg{\cdot}hr$ and it was .decreased to 3.38 mL $CO_2/kg{\cdot}hr$ after storage for 90 days at $0^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2000

The environmental assessment on the open dumping landfill of small scale which was situated in local small city was carried out to reuse the landfill site as the residental, commercial and other purposes through the analysis of the leachate of landfill, extracted solution from landfill waste. The waste was landfilled at 5.5~8m depth and the covered layer so poor as 20~50cm thickness. The biodegradable organic matters were almost degraded and the result of the leachate of landfill showed that the BOD/COD ratio were measured as 0.079, pH 7.2~7.6, SS 47736mg/L, COD 6193.8mg/L, T-N 596mg/L, and T-P 123.9mg/L respectively. These results were higher than those of extracted solution of landfill waste as the COD and BOD were measured as low values and T-N 7.77mg/L and T-P as 0.20mg/L lower concentrations the landfill appears the maturation phase. As the result of the assessment on the open dumping landfill of small scale, if appears that this landfill is maturation phase and the formation leachate is reduced. If the treatment facility of leachate from landfill and the layer which protects the inflow/infiltration is prepared, it can be safely used as this landfill site.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2016

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of collected region(Bongpyeong in Gangwon, 690 m, Mt. Halla in Jeju, 1,085 m), pre-treatment (stratification, soaked in distilled water or $GA_3$) and shading (control, 50%, 80%) on seed emergence and seedlings growth of Ligularia fischeri. The result showed that seed emergence (%) of L. fischeri were 6.9~75.5% (Gangwon : 6.9~32.8%, Halla : 22.2~75.5%). Maximum seed emergence (%) of 32.8 (Gangwon) and 75.5 (Halla) were achieved for seeds were stratified, soaked in distilled water, and under non-shading for L. fischeri (Gangwon), whereas seeds were stratified, soaked in $GA_3$ 100 ppm, and under 80% shading for L. fischeri (Halla). In this study, the best seedling vigor index (SVI) of L. fischeri (Gangwon) and L. fischeri (Halla) were obtained when seeds were stratified, soaked in distilled water, and under 50% shading. The survival rate of potted seedlings for L. fischeri (Halla) were 100% of all shading conditions, but there were decreased by 77.8%, 61.1%, 55.6%, as an increasing shading rate (con, 50%, 80%) for L. fischeri (Gangwon). Therefore, good seedlings were obtained when seed (Mt. Halla) of L. fischeri were stratified, soaked in distilled water, and under 50% shading, and then seedlings were transferred in pot.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.167-171
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• 2000

Analysis of Production of Thermostable Alkaline Protease using Thermoactinomyces sp. E79. Jung, Sang Won, Sung-Sik Park, Yong-Cheol Park" Tae Kwang Oh2, and Jin-Ho Seo*, Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea, 1lnterdisciplinary program [or Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Seoul National Univer5it}~ Seoul 151 "7421 Koreal 2Microbial Enzyme RU, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Po. Box 1151 Yusong, Taejon 305"6001 Korea - This research was undertaken to analyze fermentation properties of Thermoactinomyces sp. E79 for production of a thermostable alkaline protease, which is able to specifically hydrolyze defatted soybean meal (DSM) to amino acids. TIle optimum pH for cell growth and protease production was pH 6.7, Thermoactinomyces sp. E79 did not grow at pHlO Among carbon sources tested, soluble starch was the best for protease production, while glucose repressed protease production. Tryptone was found to be the best nitrogen source for cell growth and soytone was good tor protease production. Oxygen transfer rate played an important role in producing thermostable alkaline protease. Ma'<..imum values of 6.58 glL of dry cell weight and 43.0 UJmL of protease activity were obtained in a batch fermentation using a 2.5 L jar fermentor at 1.93 X 102 hr-l of volumetric oxygen transfer coeff'jcient (kLa). Addition of 200 mgIL humic acid to the growth medium resulted in 1.64 times higher protease activity and 1.77 times higher cell growth than the case without humic acid addition.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.172-179
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• 2000

Bretlanomyces C!tstersii Hl-39 mutant was immobilized with various caniers. Immobilized mutant Hl-39 produced more ethanol and showed higher productivity and cell concentration than those of free 81-39 in 3.4% hydrolyzate of wood-chips at different temperatures ($37^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$ and $43^{\circ}C$). At $37^{\circ}C$, ethanol concentration produced by mutant H1-39 immobilized in Ca-alginate and ARG(l % Ca-alginate, 1.67% bentonite, 0.33% glutaraldehyde) bead were higher than those produced by the other earners (ACG ; 1 % CaHalginate. ] .67% celite R-634 , 0.33% glutaraldehyde, ABP ; 1 % Ca-alginate. 1.67% bentonite, 0.33% pectin. ACP: 1 % Ca-alginate, ] .67% celiLe R-634, 0.33% pecLin). The highest value of productivity(l.23 ) was obtained by using ABG beads. At $40^{\circ}C$, ethanol conccntration and productivity obtained by ABC beads ,>,"ere 15.2 glL and 0.84 gl L.h, respectively, which showed the highest value compared to other carriers. Particularly, productivity of ilmnobilized ceIl was increased up to 90% as compared to that offree cell. On the other hand, ABP(l % Ca-alginate+L67% bentonile+O.33% pectin) beads gave the best resulLs at $43^{\circ}C$ for production of ethanol and productivity, which were 13.8 g!l and 0.77 g/l h, respectively.ively.