• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.378-383
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• 2001

Embryo culture, ovule culture and ovary slice culture were tested to find optimum method for overcoming post fertilization barrier in interspecific crosses between L. longiflorum 'Gelria' and L. cernuum. Although reciprocal crosses between the species were carried out by cut-style pollination method, fruits developed only in crosses of L. longiflorum${\times}$L. cernuum. On the 40 days after pollination, ovaries were sliced into 2-4mm thickness and cultured on a hormone-free Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% sucrose. For the L. longiflorum Gelria'${\times}$L. cernuum cross, ovule development was found to be best at 6% sucrose and a lot of hybrid plant lets established directly from the ovary slice culture and subsequent ovule culture. High concentration of sucrose above 8% made ovules abort or vitrificate from 40 days after culture. In contrast, ovules from the L. cernuum${\times}$L. longiflorum 'Gelria' cross swelled well in ovary slice culture, however, they did not germinated in subsequent ovule culture. On the 60 days after pollination, ovules thicker than 0.6mm was interpreted as one containing embryo. The embryo size ranged from 1.2 mm to 1.7 mm, and in vitro development of the excised embryos was found to be best with the MS medium (pH 5.8), supplemented with $0.1-1 mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA and 6% sucrose. Thick ovules excised 60 days after pollination germinated about 60% as normal seeds in MS medium supplemented with 6% sucrose and free hormone. The ovule culture 60 days after pollination was concluded to be most recommendable to produce interspecific hybrids in large scale crosses between L. longiflorum 'Gelria' and L. cernuum by the reason of easy procedure.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2009

Physiological responses (hematological factors, cortisol, glucose, osmolality, $Na^+$, $K^+$ and $Cl^-$) in starry flounder Platichthys stellatus were investigated during freshwater acclimation in the conditions of different speeds in salinity change with acute-decrease (AD) or stepwise-decrease (SD I and II). In AD of acute-decrease salinity, hematocrit (Ht), red blood cell (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) were rapidly increased more than SD I of stepwise-decrease salinity. But in case of SD II, Ht, RBC and Hb were no significant difference from beginning to end of this experiments. In AD, cortisol level significantly increased from $2.1{\pm}1.0{\mu}g/mL$ at the beginning to $13.7{\pm}0.2{\mu}g/mL$ at 6 hours and recovered to the basal levels ($3.1{\mu}g/mL$) at 10 days. In SD I, cortisol level was significantly increased from $2.1{\pm}1.0{\mu}g/mL$ at the beginning to $13.6{\pm}0.6{\mu}g/mL$ at 6 hours and recovered to the basal levels ($3.1{\pm}0.4{\mu}g/mL$) at 10 days. In SD II, cortisol level was a little increased from $2.1{\pm}1.0{\mu}g/mL$ at the beginning to $10.5{\pm}2.5$, $10.8{\pm}5.6{\mu}g/mL$ at 6, 12 hours and recovered to the basal level at 48 hours. Glucose level of AD, SD I, II were no significant difference from beginning to end of this experiments. Osmolality was $286.8{\pm}3.3\;mOsm/kg$ at the beginning. In SD II of stepwise-decrease, osmolality was no significant difference during rearing in freshwater (FW). But AD of stepwise-decrease and SD I of stepwise-decrease, osmolality was a little decreased end of this experiments. In AD of acute-decrease, only $Cl^-$ level was showed no significant difference from beginning to end of experiment and $Na^+$, $K^+$ levels were decreased. In case of SD I, $Cl^-$ level was showed no significant difference from beginning to end of experiment and $Na^+$, $K^+$ levels were decreased.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.132-145
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• 2023

In this study, culture conditions were optimized to confirm the feasibility of Acetobacter pasteurianus as a starter for fermentation vinegar. Acetobacter pasteurianus strain can be used as a food ingredient. The optimal temperature and pH conditions of the selected Acetobacter pasteurianus SRCM101388 were 28℃ and pH 6.00, respectively. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the composition of the medium, and Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was used to obtain the effective selection of culture medium, resulting in that glucose, sucrose, and yeast extract had the highest effect on increasing biomass. The optimal concentration, which was performed by central composite design (CCD), were determined to be 10.73 g/L of glucose, 3.98 g/L of sucrose, and 18.73 g/L of yeast extract, respectively. The optimal concentrations of trace elements for the production of biomass were found to be 1 g/L of ammonium sulfate, 0.5 g/L of magnesium sulfate, 2 g/L of sodium phosphate monobasic, 2 g/L of sodium phosphate dibasic, and the final optimized medium was pH 6.10. When incubated in a 5 L jar fermenter, the SRCM101388 strain showed a faster-dissolved oxygen (DO) reduction at a lower agitation rate (rpm), and it was able to grow even at reduced DO level when aeration was maintained. The amount of final biomass produced was 2.53±0.12×10⁹ CFU/mL (9.40±0.02 log CFU/mL) when incubated for 18 hours at 150 rpm, 0.5 vvm, pH 6.0, and 28℃.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.594-598
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• 2012

In the present study, biogas was produced from the anaerobic digestion of marine macroalgae (Laminaria japonica) biomass. The optimal anaerobic condition for producing the sludge was the freeze treatment at $-70^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. Total amounts of hydrogen and methane gas produced were 667.28 mL/L and 3420.24 mL/L, respectively, which were 2.7 and 3.4 times greater than that in the control group. Freeze treatment of sludge produced the maximum biogas under an initial optimum pH of 7.0 and the maximum biomass at an initial optimum pH of 8.0. We confirmed that biogas production was greatly reduced under acidic conditions compared to that under alkaline conditions. Sludge was freeze treated, and the biomass and sludge production was optimal the total amounts of hydrogen and methane gas produced were 643.73 mL/L and 4291.6 mL/L, respectively, which were 2.6 and 4.3 times greater than in the control group. Also the results showed that under optimal conditions in a 5-L bioreactor, a maximum of 1605.03 mL/L of hydrogen and 4593.71 mL/L of methane gas could be produced by the substrate contained in the marine macroalgae biomass.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1999

There is necessity for making a smaller and more sensitive detector in small field sizes. This report assesses the suitability of metal-loaded thermoluminescent dosimeters for this purpose. Measurements were performed in the 6 MV photon and 6 MeV electron beams of a medical linear accelerator with LiF thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD-100) embedded in solid water phantom. TLD-100 chips(surface area 3.2 $\times$ 3.2 $\textrm{mm}^2$) loaded with a metal plate(Tin or gold respectively) were used to enhance dose readings to TLD-100. Surface dose was measured for field size 10 $\times$ 10 $\textrm{cm}^2$ and 100 em SSD. Measurements have been made of the enhanced signal intensity and good linearity for absorbed dose with each metal. Using a 1 mm each metal on TLD-l00 in the beam increased the surface dose to 14% and 56% respectively for 6MV photon. In the case of 6 MeV electron, gold plate enhanced the TL response to 13%, but there is no difference for tin plate. The specific dose response of TLD-100 with thin metal plate increases with electron concentration of metal film, this is most likely due to increased electron scattered from the additional material with electron density higher than TLD-100. This emphasizes the role of TL dosimeters with metal as amplified dosimeters for therapeutic high energy x-ray beams. Due to the enhanced dose reading of TLD-100 with metal plate, it could be possible to develop smaller TL dosimeter with high sensitivity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to provide a reference range for plasma homocysteine and to explore the relation between plasma homocysteine and nutritional indexes in a Korean college women. Thirty women were selected from college students in Seoul area With mean age of 22.4y. Dietary intakes of Vitamins B$_{6}$, B$_{12}$, folate were estimated from a 3 day food diary method and plasma homocysteine concentration was mearsured as well as the levels of blood vitamins. The results obtained are as follows. Mean daily intake of energy, vitamin B$_{6}$, B$_{12}$, and folate were 1731.9kcal, 0.9mg, 2.2mg and 139.8$\mu\textrm{g}$ respectively. Mean plasma homocysteine concentration was 12.4$\mu$mol/l with a range between 6.7 and 17.8$\mu$mol/l and the mean concentrations of plasma vitamin B$_{6}$(PLP), serum vitamin $_{12}$, Serum folate and RBC folate were 77.5nmol/l, 267.4pmol/l, 17.1 nmol/l and 736.5nmol/l arid 736.5nmol/l respectively. we found a negative correlation between plasma homocysteine concentration and dietary vitamins, and blood levels of vitamin although it was not significant.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the degree of ground water pollution used for drinking water in Cheju Island. Samples were collected monthly from 31 wells of 10 divided areas and were analyzed for $NO_3-N$, pH, $SO_4$, Cl and hardness from 1987 to 1992. $NO_3-N$ concentrations in the samples, with the exception of sample No.23, did not exceed the standard concentration of drinking-water(10mg/l). $NO_3-N$ concentrations at area 10, unpolluted area, ranged from <1.0 mg/l to just over 1.2 mg/l. However, samples from the business district of the area 8 showed the concentrations ranging from 5 mg/l in 1987 to 8.l mg/l in 1992 with a mean of 6.8 mg/l, about 5 times higher than those from the area 10. $NO_3-N$ concentration in sample No. 23 increased from 4 mg/l in 1987 to 12.6 mg/l in 1991. Average rate of increase in $NO_3-N$ in samples of No. 1, 2, 4, and 8 at area 8 was about 1.2mg/l per year in the study period. The ground water at area 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 showed in the range of pH 7 to 8.1, being similar to area 10. However, pH at area 8 was in the range of 6.6 to 7.3, being lower than that in the other areas. Hardness at area 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were in the range of 30 to 80 mg/l, being higher than that at area 10. Those at area 8 were the highest among all the other areas tested. The results of this study suggest that $NO_3-N$ contamination in ground water could be a problem at hotel complexes and business district in Cheju Island.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.131-138
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• 2006

In this study, the optimum condition of pH was investigated on the hydrogen gas production under anaerobic fermentation process. The results of the experiment showed that the optimum condition was observed at pH 6, resulting in 1175.87 mL/L of hydrogen gas production rate and 22.51% theoretical hydrogen conversion ratio. Hydrogen gas production rate and theoretical hydrogen conversion ratio were 901.77 mL/L and 17.48 % respectively at pH 5. At pH 7 and 8, the production rate of hydrogen gas was little low as 82.15 mL/L. Among the organic acids from the sucrose fermentation, propionate was observed as the dominant acid at pH 7 and 8 but butyrate was the dominant at pH 5 and 6.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.421-427
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• 1993

Some interleukin 6 (IL-60 transcription control factors were resported as the regulator of IL-6 expression. A nuclear protein bound to interleukin 1 (IL-1) responsive element in the IL-6 promoter region was named NF-IL6 (nuclear factor for IL-6). This NF-IL6 was known to be very imporant as a transcription factor for various immuno-protein as well as for IL-6. The human NF-IL6 genes were transfected into the mouse L cells under the metallothionein promoter (MT promoter) to establish a model system for the expression of foreign gene in the mammalian cell line.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.871-877
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to compare growth of Pllioblastus pygmaed and soil characteristics as affected by difference of soil thickness and mixture ratio in shallow-extensive green roof module system, and to identify the level of soil thickness and mixture as suitable growing condition to achieve the desired plants in green roof. Different soil thickness levels were achieved under 15cm and 25cm of shallow-extensive green roof module system that was made by woody materials for $500{\times}500{\times}300mm$. Soil mixture ratio were three types for perlit: peatmoss: leafmold=6:2:2(v/v/v, $P_6P_2L_2$), perlit: peatmoss: leafmold=5:3:2(v/v/v, $P_5P_3L_2$) and perlit: peatmoss: leafmold=4:4:2(v/v/v, $P_4P_4L_2$). On June 2006, Pllioblastus pygmaed were planted directly in a green roof module system in rows. All treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replication. The results are summarized below. In term of soil characteristics, Soil acidity and electric conductivity was measured in pH 6.0~6.6 and 0.12dS/m~0.19dS/m, respectively. Organic matter and exchangeable cations desorption fell in the order: $P_4P_4L_2$ > $P_5P_3L_2$ > $P_6P_2L_2$. $P_6P_2L_2$ had higher levels of the total solid phase and liquid phase, and $P_4P_4L_2$ had gas phase for three phases of soil in the 15cm and 25cm soil thickness. Although Pllioblastus pygmaed was possibled soil thickness 15cm, there was a trend towards increased soil thickness with increased leaf length, number of leaves and chlorophyll contents in 25cm. The growth response of Pllioblastus pygmaed had fine and sustain condition in order to $P_6P_2L_2$ = $P_5P_3L_2$ > $P_4P_4L_2$. However, The results of this study suggested that plants grown under $P_4P_4L_2$ appear a higher density ground covering than plants grown under $P_6P_2L_2$. Collectively, our data emphasize that soil thickness for growth of Pllioblastus pygmaed were greater than soil mixture ratio in shallow-extensive green roof module system.