• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 1996

The cadmium(Ⅱ)-carboxylate complexes of monocarboxylates and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in an aqueous solution were investigated using 113Cd NMR spectroscopy. From these spectral data the chemical shifts of the monocarboxylate (e.g. acetate, benzoate and propanoate) complexes of Cd(Ⅱ) were evaluated (CdL+: -22 to -24 ppm range; CdL2: -39 to -40 ppm range; L: carboxylate). The chemical shift of cadmium(Ⅱ) bound on PAA changed in value from -36.6 to -38.2 ppm when the [PAA]/[Cd] ratios were varied from 12 to 118 eq/mol at a constant pH of 6. The 113Cd chemical shift was sensitive to the change in solution pH: the chemical shift changed from 1.6 to -37.6 ppm when the pH was rasied from 1 to 6 at a constant [PAA]/[Cd] ratio of 39 eq/mol. These results show that under these conditions, the dominant species formed in solution is 1 : 2 complex (CdL2), and 1 : 1 complex (CdL+) is only formed at low pH, when polyanion concentration is low.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.586-590
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• 2003

The pharmacological effect of Korean-Chinese traditional herbal medicine, Hawangyeonhaedoktang (HT) on experimentally induced-triglyceride accumulation in cultured human hepatocyte HepG2 cells was studied. HePG2 cells were cultured in the Dulbecco's modified Eagle's (DME) medium without (Control medium) or with HT (0.5 mg/mL and 5.0 mg/mL) containing 1 mM oleate, 0.2% bovine serum albumin (BSA), and glucose 4.5 mg/mL for 6 and 24 hours in experiment I and 2 mM oleate, 0.5% BSA, and glucose 4.5 mg/mL for 6, 24 and in hours in Experiment II or 1 and 3 hours in Experiment III. Oleate ［$^{14}$ C］(0.5 $\mu$Ci/mL medium) added as a radioactive lipid precursor in the experiment I. In the experiment I, the intracellular triglyceride concentration was decreased remarkably during incubation for 6 and 24 hours, in a dose-dependent manner. At the same time, HT caused a decrease in the incorporation of ［$^{14}$ C］ oleate into intracellular triglyceride fraction and the secretion of triglyceride labeled with ［$^{14}$ C］ oleate into medium. In the experiment II and III compared to experiment I, the triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells was occurred, and HT prevented the accumulation of triglyceride during incubation for 24 and 48 hours. This result suggest that HT prevent the triglyceride accumulation in human hepatocytes by its inhibiting action on the intercellular triglyceride biosynthesis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1134-1140
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• 2010

Ozonation is a promising process that can effectively reduce the occurrence of micropollutants and pathogen in water. This study investigated the performance of ozonation for the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plant. Moreover, the disinfection potential of ozonation applied for PPCPs removal was discussed. Secondary effluent filtered by sand filter was used for tested water, and ozonation was performed under 2, 4 and 6 mg/L of ozone doses. As a result, 6 mg/L of ozone dose (ozone consumption : 4.4 mg/L) was essential for the effective removal of 37 PPCPs in tested water. Several previous studies showed that the operation condition could achieve approximately 3 log inactivation of total coliform and enteroviruses. On the other hand, dissolved ozone concentration in tested water increased by 1.8 mg/L under 6 mg/L of ozone dose, probably resulting in the increase of bromate formation potential. This result implies that as alternatives to suppress the bromate formation potential during the oxidation of PPCPs by ozone, investigations on advanced oxidation processes are required.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.445-451
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• 1999

Glutathione production was carried out using mixed cells of E. coli TG1/pDG7 $\alpha$ and bakers yeast in an Aerated Slurry Bioreactor. Glutathione-producing enzymes were stable for 34 hours, yielding 4.6 mM glutathione in suspension reaction. Glutahione production with high density mixed cells was studied as a function of flow rate in an Aereated Slurry Bioreactor. Glutathione concentration was higher than that in suspension reaction for 32 hours at the substrate feeding rate of 5.2 mL/hr with cell recycle in continuous Aerated Slurry Bioreactor. It was for 42 hours at 2.6 mL/hr and 22 hours at 5.2 mL/hr without cell recycle. Glutahione productivity was 25.7 mg/g wet $cell{\cdot}hr$ at the substrate feeding rate of 10.4 mL/hr with cell recycle, but 5.28 mg/g wet $cell{\cdot}hr$ at 5.2 mL/hr and 1.65 mg/g wet $cell{\cdot}hr$ at 2.6 mL/hr without cell recycle. Effective production time increased from 25 to 45 hours, by using a surfactant, tween 80. As a purfing gas, nitrogen was tested instead of air to avoid a possible oxidizing effect on glutathione-producing enzymes, resulting in the increase of effective production time to 40 hours.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.585-589
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• 1994

The complexation of cadmium(II) with a well characterized local soil fulvic acid was investigated at different solution pH and fulvic acid concentration using ion selective electrode. The stability constants were determined using a continuous distribution model based on Scatchard Plot; this model takes into consideration the diversitv of cation binding sites on a naturally occurring organic macromolecules even if the nature of the binding sites may not be known. The mean value of $logKi(\mu)$ was found to increase at higher pH(pH 4.0: ${\mu}=3.79{\pm}0.74$ l\;mol^{-1}; pH 6.0: ${\mu}=4.51{\pm}0.78$ l\;mol^{-1}$), and in more dilute fulvic acid concentration([FA] = 50 mgl$^{-1}: {\mu}=4.16{\pm}0.60$ l\;mol^{-1}; [FA]=151 mgl$^{-1}:{\mu}=3.75{\pm}0.5\;l\;mol^{-1}$). The intrinsic constant(logKint) for binding at the strongest site was measured to be around $4.72\;l\;mol^{-1}$ at both pH4.0 and 5.0, but was found to be increased to $6.03\;l\;mol^{-1}$ when pH was 6.0.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.35-43
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• 2008

This study was carried out to estimate the performance of modified sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process by the application of SBR process for small advanced wastewater treatment plant. Organic, nitrogen and phosphorus were able to remove in the unit reactor by SBR process and it would be able to select the suitable operation method. The plant was operated to achieve high performance with influent control, optimum anoxic/oxic condition using intermediate aeration method, and solid (sludge) /liquid (effluent) separation by modified decanter. The optimum operating mode was 3Cycles a day and intermediate input and aeration. Under these conditions, the treatment efficiencies were good with 60% of designed flow rate and low influent quality. When the influent concentrations of BOD and CODMn were 120.4 mg/L and 95.7 mg/L, respectively. The effluent concentrations of BOD and CODMn were 6.8 mg/L and 11.0 mg/L, respectively. The average removal efficiencies of BOD and CODMn were 94.4% and 88.5%, respectively. The removal efficiencies of T-N and T-P were 69.6% and 73.6%, respectively when the average T-N and T-P concentrations were 32.2mg/L and 4.65mg/L, respectively. The T-N and T-P removal efficiencies were slightly decreased to 58.8% and 68.5%, respectively in the winter season but its were also stable efficiencies. BOD, T-N and T-P were removed by 90%. 67% and 46% respectively in the first anoxic/oxic condition, in addition to T-P was removed by 70% in the second anoxic/oxic condition. From the results, modified sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process is suitable for small advanced wastewater treatment.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.621-630
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• 2019

Objective: To study the prevalence and clinical characteristics of decreased myocardial blood flow (MBF) quantified by dynamic computed tomography (CT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in symptomatic patients without in-stent restenosis. Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven (mean age, 71.3 ± 10 years; age range, 48-88 years; 31 males, 6 females) consecutive symptomatic patients with patent coronary stents and without obstructive de novo lesions were prospectively enrolled to undergo dynamic CT-MPI using a third-generation dual-source CT scanner. The shuttle-mode acquisition technique was used to image the complete left ventricle. A bolus of contrast media (50 mL; iopromide, 370 mg iodine/mL) was injected into the antecubital vein at a rate of 6 mL/s, followed by a 40-mL saline flush. The mean MBF value and other quantitative parameters were measured for each segment of both stented-vessel territories and reference territories. The MBF_ratio was defined as the ratio of the mean MBF value of the whole stent-vessel territory to that of the whole reference territory. An MBF_ratio of 0.85 was used as the cut-off value to distinguish hypoperfused from non-hypoperfused segments. Results: A total of 629 segments of 37 patients were ultimately included for analysis. The mean effective dose of dynamic CT-MPI was 3.1 ± 1.2 mSv (range, 1.7-6.3 mSv). The mean MBF of stent-vessel territories was decreased in 19 lesions and 81 segments. Compared to stent-vessel territories without hypoperfusion, the mean MBF and myocardial blood volume were markedly lower in hypoperfused stent-vessel territories (77.5 ± 16.6 mL/100 mL/min vs. 140.4 ± 24.1 mL/100 mL/min [p < 0.001] and 6.4 ± 3.7 mL/100 mL vs. 11.5 ± 4 mL/100 mL [p < 0.001, respectively]). Myocardial hypoperfusion in stentvessel territories was present in 48.6% (18/37) of patients. None of clinical parameters differed statistically significantly between hypoperfusion and non-hypoperfusion subgroups. Conclusion: Decreased MBF is commonly present in patients who are symptomatic after percutaneous coronary intervention, despite patent stents and can be detected by dynamic CT-MPI using a low radiation dose.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.1186-1194
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• 2017

Recently, many people have demanded reliable nutritional data even for minor-components. On the other hand, an analytical method for the analyses of vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ is lacking. Therefore, this study attempted to validate with accuracy and precision the analysis of vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ contents were analyzed using an Agilent 1260 series HPLC system. YMC-Pack ODS-AM ($250{\times}4.6mm$ I.D.) and YMC-Pack Pro RS $C_{18}$ ($250{\times}4.6mm$ I.D.) columns were used for the analyses of vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$, respectively. In the case of vitamin $B_5$, the flow rate was set to 1.0 mL/min by isocratic elution using the 50 mM $KH_2PO_4$ solution (pH 3.5)/acetonitrile (ACN) (95:5, v/v) with monitoring at 200 nm using HPLC/DAD, whereas the flow rate for vitamin $B_6$ was set to 1.0 mL/min of flow rate by isocratic elution using a 20 mM $CH_3CO_2Na$ solution (pH 3.6)/ACN (97:3, v/v) with monitoring by excitation at 290 nm and emission at 396 nm using HPLC/FLD. The column temperature was set to $30^{\circ}C$. The injection volume was $20{\mu}L$ for each experiment. The specificity of the accuracy and precision for vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ were also validated by HPLC. The results showed high linearity in the calibration curve for vitamin $B_5$ ($R^2=0.9998^{{\ast}{\ast}}$), the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.4 mg/L and 1.3 mg/L, respectively, In contrast, for the calibration curve of vitamin $B_6$, which showed high linearity ($R^2=0.9999^{{\ast}{\ast}}$), the LOD and LOQ were 0.006 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1271-1278
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• 2017

Although the $L_0$-penalty is the most natural choice to identify the sparsity structure of the model, it has not been widely used due to the computational bottleneck. Recently, the adaptive ridge procedure is developed to efficiently approximate a $L_q$-penalized problem to an iterative $L_2$-penalized one. In this article, we proposed to apply the adaptive ridge procedure to solve the $L_0$-penalized weighted support vector machine (WSVM) to facilitate the corresponding optimization. Our numerical investigation shows the advantageous performance of the $L_0$-penalized WSVM compared to the conventional WSVM with $L_2$ penalty for both simulated and real data sets.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.345-352
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• 2015

Recently, by developing many training systems in battle field, the demand for interconnecting and internetworking between Live, Virtual, Constructive training systems has been increased to support efficient data distribution and system control. But, there are lots of problems for them to interwork, because the existing researches only support L-L, V-V, C-C Interoperability. Therefore, we propose L-V-C gateway to provide interoperable simulation environment based on HLA and DDS between them. First, we illustrate FOM Management that parses RPR-FOM XML file to acquire Data information to be shared between them, and generates common data structure and source code used for L-V-C Gateway. L-V-C Gateway created from FOM Management supports Data Conversion and Quality of Service between HLA and DDS. HLA Federate and DDS Domainparticipant in L-V-C Gateway play a role of logical communication channel and relay data from HLA Federation to DDS Domain and vice versa.