• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.503-509
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• 2003

For the development of the anti-obesity natural drug, the inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation was screened from Korean traditional medicinal plants. Phellodendri Cortex was selected as a candidate of adipocyte differentiation inhibitor. An inhibitory compound PC-4 was purified from the methanol (MeOH) extract of Phellodendri Cortex using silica gel and ODS RP-18 column chromatography and HPLC. PC-4 was obtained as yellow powder; UV ${\lambda}_{max}$ (MeOH): 230, 260, 340 and 430 nm. The chemical structure of PC-4 was determined as an isoquionoline alkaloid, berberine, on the basis of various NMR experiments including $^1H-\;and\;^{13}C-NMR$. The PC-4 inhibited the differentiation of preadipocyte NIH-3T3 L1 cells at a concentration of $1\;{\mu}g/mL$.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.240-249
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• 2020

Objectives: Although the side effects of radiation therapy vary from mucositis to osteomyelitis depending on the dose of radiation therapy, to date, an experimental animal model has not yet been proposed. The aim of this study was to develop an animal model for assessing complications of irradiated bone, especially to quantify the dose of radiation needed to develop a rat model. Materials and Methods: Sixteen Sprague-Dawley rats aged seven weeks with a mean weight of 267.59 g were used. Atraumatic extraction of a right mandibular first molar was performed. At one week after the extraction, the rats were randomized into four groups and received a single dose of external radiation administered to the right lower jaw at a level of 14, 16, 18, or 20 Gy, respectively. Clinical alopecia with body weight changes were compared and bony volumetric analysis with micro-computed tomography (CT), histologic analysis with H&E were performed. Results: The progression of the skin alopecia was different depending on the irradiation dose. Micro-CT parameters including bone volume, bone volume/tissue volume, bone mineral density, and trabecular spaces, showed no significant differences. The progression of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) along with that of inflammation, fibrosis, and bone resorption, was found with increased osteoclast or fibrosis in the radiated group. As the radiation dose increases, osteoclast numbers begin to decrease and osteoclast tends to increase. Osteoclasts respond more sensitively to the radiation dose, and osteoblasts are degraded at doses above 18 Gy. Conclusion: A standardized animal model clinically comparable to ORN of the jaw is a valuable tool that can be used to examine the pathophysiology of the disease and trial any potential treatment modalities. We present a methodology for the use of an experimental rat model that incorporates a guideline regarding radiation dose.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2010

Beam quality is determined according to Xray tube's target material. In a range of between 22 kVp and 28 kVp, molybdenum target generates the characteristics energy between the average 17.9 kVp and 19.5 kVp, which produces the high contrast image of the breast. In this study, we used the Mo/Mo combination breast device and ALVIM TRM phantom and measured the detection ability of the minute lesion in the breast imaging throughout analyzing ROC curves. Assuming that an average subject thickness of the breast is 40 mm, the detection ability was not dependent on the kVp changes in a while dependent on both the mAs and thickness change. We can assure that it is not needed to increase the kVp for the imaging of breast which thickness is within the mean range of 40 mm.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.536-540
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• 2005

The combination of oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (FOLFOX) has recently been shown to be beneficial in advanced colorectal and gastric cancers. The side effects of this regimen include neutropenia, diarrhea and neurosensory toxicity. However, case reports on the pulmonary toxicities of this regimen are very limited. Especially, the development of pulmonary fibrosis has never been cited in the literature. Herein is reported the case of a patient treated with oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin combination chemotherapy in whom pulmonary fibrosis developed, but which improved after steroid pulse therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.287-294
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• 1989

The optimum condition for the separation of priority pollutant phenols using isocratic elution has been determined. The elution behavior of eleven phenols has been also studied to interpret the retention. The reversed phase liquid chromatographic methods were performed on a ${\mu}$-Bondapak $C_{18}$ column with methanol-water, acetonitrile-water, and THF water mixtures as mobile phases. The COF method, where Snyder's solvent triangle concept was combined with a mixture-design statistical technique, was used to optimize the strength and selectivity of solvents for the separation of phenols. The optimum solvent composition, which gives a complete separation of eleven phenols, was found to be $MeOH:ACN:H_2O$ = 7:40:53. The plots of ln k' vs. -${\Delta}H^{\circ}$ and ${\Sigma}{\pi}$ of phenols showed relatively good linearities. Effect of van der Waals volume, pi-energy and hydrogen bonding on the retention of phenols were investigated. The following equation with the correlation coefficient of 0.9927 for ACN-water solvent system was obtained; $log^{k'}=2.515{\times}10^{-2}VWV-1.301{\times}10^{-1}E-3.674{\times}10^{-1}$

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.195-202
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• 2014

Objective: A low-viscosity resin (infiltrant) was used to inhibit the progression of white spot lesions (WSLs) and resolve associated esthetic issues. An alternative pretreatment was explored to increase the pore volume of the surface layer of the WSLs. Also, the penetration effects of the infiltrant were evaluated for various pretreatments. Methods: Sixty two artificial lesions were fabricated on bovine teeth. As a positive control, 15% HCl gel was applied for 120 seconds. Further, 37% $H_3PO_4$ gel was applied for 30 seconds using three methods. The samples were divided as follows: $H_3PO_4$ only group, $H_3PO_4$ sponge group, and $H_3PO_4$ brush group. The acid was gently rubbed with the applicators (i.e., a sponge or brush) throughout the application time. To compare the effects of resin infiltration, twenty paired halves of specimens were treated with an infiltrant (ICON$^{(R)}$). Results: Thicknesses of the removed surface layers and infiltrated areas were evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscope. The positive control and the 37% $H_3PO_4$ brush group failed to show significant differences in the removed thickness (p > 0.05); however, the mean percentage of the infiltrated area was higher in the 37% $H_3PO_4$ brush group ($84.13{\pm}7.58%$%) than the positive control ($63.51{\pm}7.62%$, p < 0.001). Scanning electron microscope observations indicate higher pore volumes for the 37% $H_3PO_4$ brush group than for the positive control. Conclusions: Application of 37% $H_3PO_4$ with a brush for 30 seconds increased the pore volume of WSL surface layers and the percentage of infiltrated areas in comparison to the use of 15% HCl for 120 seconds.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of occlusal appliance on the mandibular position and the mandibular rotational torque movement during speech. For this study, 20 patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMDs) and 20 normal subjects without any signs and symptoms in the masticatory system were selected as the patient group and as the normal group, respectively. Biopak $system^{(R)}$(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, USA) and a sentence of 'Sue is missing her house' were used for recording and for observing of speech pattern. There were five mandibular positions observed in this study, that is, mandibular rest position, 'ssi', 'her', 'ha', and 's' speech position. In each position, slant and A-P distance in sagittal plane, vertical distance and lateral distance in frontal plane were measured. Amount of the mandibular rotational torque movement were measured at 'her', 'ha' speech position and for all through speech movement. Centric relation splint(CRS) was placed in both groups, but anterior or posterior bite plane were placed in normal subjects only. Data collected were processed and analysed by SPSS windows program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Mandibular positions in both groups were not different before adaptation, with CRS, and after removal, but total amount of the mandibular rotational torque movement was greater in patients. 2. Mandible was slightly placed anteriorly with CRS at 'her' and 'ha' speech position in patients, but was placed anteriorly at all the five positions in normal subjects. 3. Difference with type of occlusal appliance in normal subjects were noted only for vertical distance at 'ssi' and 'ha' speech position, and the distance with CRS were more than that with posterior bite plane. 4. Mandibular rotational torque movement at 'her' and 'ha' speech position was greater in patients, but the difference was disappeared after appliance removal. And the torque movement was greater at 'ha' speech position than that at 'her' speech position in frontal plane. It could be concluded that the adaptation of occlusal appliance showed a tendency to locate the mandible anteriorly during speech in both groups, but did not affect total mandibular rotational torque movement which was greater in patients.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.145-151
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• 2012

Two strains Pleurotus eryngii KNR2312 and A8B10 (Na) which have good traits in cap quality and speedy growing were selected to breed a new strain carrying the two traits. KNR2312-2636-$10{\times}18$ (Ga) with 45.2 cap lightness and 6.5 quality was breeded by a consecutive inbreeding between KNR2312-derived monokaryons. $Ga5{\times}Na5$ came from outcrossing between Ga and Na was backcrossed with KNR2312-derived monokaryons twice to improve quality in cap color and shape. Therethrough Ga5NaKNR2312-47KNR2312-$12{\times}38$ carrying lightness of 49.5, quality of 7.3 and weight of 95.1 g was selected. The selected strain possesses good quality and dark color of cap. Especially its edge is 24 mm thick, therefore it is not likely damaged during processing and distribution.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2014

For development of a method for differentiation of Pleurotus eryngii cultivars, simple sequence repeats (SSR) from whole genomic DNA sequence analysis was used for genotyping and two multiplex-SSR primer sets were developed. These SSR primer sets were employed to distinguish 12 cultivars and strains. Five polymorphic markers were selected based on the genotyping results. PCR using each primer produced one to four distinct bands ranging in size from 200 to 300 bp. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values of the five markers were in the range of 0.6627 to 0.6848 with an average of 0.6775. Unweighted pairgroup method with arithmetic mean clustering analysis based on genetic distances using five SSR markers classified 12 cultivars into two clusters. Cluster I and II were comprised of four and eight cultivars, respectively. Two multiplex sets, Multi-1 (SSR312 and SSR366) and Multi-2 (SSR178 and SSR277) completely discriminated 12 cultivars and strains with 21 alleles and a PIC value of 0.9090. These results might be useful in providing an efficient method for the identification of P. eryngii cultivars with separate PCR reactions.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical therapists' perception of the use of gait measures, the frequency of the gait measures used, and also to identify the barriers that limit the use of these assessment tools. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Physical therapists from the Seoul, Gyeonggi area from March to July 2016 were included in the study. Over the course of 18 weeks, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a self-report questionnaire. A total of 700 questionnaires were distributed and 350 questionnaires (50%) were collected, however with the exclusion of 140 questionnaires due to non-consent, a total of 210 questionnaires (30%) were analysed. Results: Out of the 10 standardized assessment tools, the therapists showed the highest perception for the timed up and go test (TUG [n=153, 72.9%]) and they also had high perception for the 10 meters walk test (10MWT [n=149, 71.0%]), and 6-minute walk test (6MWT [n=123, 58.6%]). The respondents answered that the TUG (n=116, 55.2%), 10MWT (n=100, 47.6%), and 6MWT (n=51, 24.3%) was used the most often. On the contrary, only four (1.9%) therapists have used the Chedoke-McMaster stroke assessment and the Rivermead Mobility Index. The lack of time was considered as the most important barrier to the use of assessment tools in clinical practice. Conclusions: Through this study, it has been shown that the domestic physical therapists used the TUG and the 10MWT mainly due to high recognition and evaluation status; however, the lack of time was the greatest impediment to the clinical application of the gait assessment tools.