• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1626-1634
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• 2018

Ginseng (the root of Panax ginseng Meyer) fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum has been found to attenuate allergic responses in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Ginseng has been reported to also possess various biological functions including anti-inflammatory activity. The present study was aimed at comparing the anti-allergic effect of ginseng and fermented ginseng extracts on IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in vitro in a murine cell line and in vivo in mice. Fermented ginseng extract (FPG) showed higher inhibitory effect against in vitro and in vivo allergic responses when compared with ginseng extract (PG). The secretion of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase and interleukin (IL)-4 from the IgE-DNP-stimulated RBH-2H3 mast cells were significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited by FPG treatment, and this effect was concentration-dependent. Further, MKK4 activation and subsequent JNK phosphorylation were attenuated by FPG treatment. The inhibitory effect of FPG on the in vitro allergic response was verified in vivo against IgE-DNP-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in a mouse model. These data indicated that the fermentation of ginseng with L. plantarum enhanced its anti-allergic effects both in vitro and in vivo. We predict that compositional changes in the ginsenosides caused by the fermentation may contribute to the change in the anti-allergic effects of ginseng. The results of our study highlight the potential of the use of FPG as a potential anti-allergic agent.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.5 s.43
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• pp.223-230
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• 2006

Web 2.0 and Semantic Web technology will be merged to be a next generation Web that leads presentation-oriented Web to data-centric Web. In the next generation Web, semantic processing, Web platform, and data fusion are most important technology factors. Among them, Cool URI used for data fusion can provide permanent and human readable URI and it has been already used in Blog system. However, Cool URI is not suitable to I18N environment such as Hangul and it is difficult to be adopted because several encodings are mingled in Korea Web society. In this paper, we discussed technology issues and Cool URI Web component to use Cool URI with Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI). A proposed approach provides same function regardless of encoding type and supports both file system based and CGI based methods to be easily used from other applications. Results from several test environments show the implemented Web component satisfy the design purpose.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.470-476
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• 2006

Low-dose rate brachytherapy(LDR) has been effective modality for treatment of oral cancer. But the disadvantage of LDR is radioexposure of medical staff. To overcome this problem, high dose rate(HDR) brachytherapy has been developed. Our study evaluates the outcomes of patients with tongue cancer as treated by HDR brachytherapy. Between 2002 and 2005, eight patients with carcinoma of the tongue were treated with HDR brachytherapy. Five patients had AJCC stage I or II disease and the remaining three patients had AJCC stage III or IV. The male-to-female ratio was 2:6 and the mean age was 60.1 years (range: 21-80 years).The median follow-up time was 23.8 months (range: 7-55 months). There was no local failure until now. Three patients showed some complications. Two patients showed soft tissue necrosis. There was no bone sequela in all cases. Our experience in treating tongue cancer with HDR brachytherapy is encouraging, because it gave a satisfactory local control. Prospective studies are necessary to delineate the optimum indication for this treatment modality and long-term outcome.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.152-156
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• 2005

Purpose: We reconstructed the thumb with groin flap combined with secondary heterodigital neurovascular island flap and report our 6 cases. Materials and Methods: Between March 2003 and August 2004, 6 degloving thumbs or amputation of thumbs were reconstructed with groin flap combined with secondary heterodigital neurovascular island flap. There ware 4 men and 2 women, and mean age was 42.2 years. The following parameters were evaluated. Results: Recipient thumb was no limitation of apposition. but flexion contracture of interphalangeal joint was about 10 degree in two cases. Average grip power were 80% and average pinch power were 70% that of the normal thumb. The two point discrimination was average 10.5 mm and double sensibility in 2 cases. 2 patients have cold intolerance. Neuroma formation was not made. Cosmetic results as judged by patients were that 4 cases are good and 2 cases are fair. Conclusion: If massive skin defect after degloving thumb or amputation of thumb are present, we consider the numerous methods for reconstruction of thumb. This surgical procedure is good methods because of it's pliability, sensation, satisfactory functional results but major disadvantage are the staged operation and cosmetic effect of the absence of thumb nail.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.73-96
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• 2009

In this paper, authors focused on the difference between successful and unsuccessful items in terms of the innovation and imitation parameters of Bass diffusion model. Each item was scraped by members directly from the minihompies they visit. Top 50 items in terms of total number of adoption are classified as successful items and the 50 items whose total number of adoption was just below the average are classified as unsuccessful items. In particular, authors are interested in investigating the role of influentials in the diffusion process. Influentials are defined as those people whose network centrality (Indegree, Outdegree, and Betweeness centrality) was larger than the mean centrality in their social network. Figure 1 shows the plots of number of scraping, cumulative scraping, indegree, outdegree and betweenness of the people who scraped the most popular item among 100 items.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.995-1002
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• 2013

The effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) feeding on growth performance and fatty acid profiles in thigh meat of broiler chicken was investigated using meta-analysis with a total of 9 studies. Overall effects were calculated by standardized mean differences between treatment (CLA fed) and control using Hedges's adjusted g from fixed and random effect models. Meta-regression was conducted to evaluate the effect of CLA levels. Subgroups in the same study were designated according to used levels of CLA, CP levels or substituted oils in diets. The effects on final body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were investigated as growth parameters. Total saturated and unsaturated fatty acid concentrations and C16:0, C18:0, C18:2 and C18:3 concentrations in thigh meat of broiler chicken were used as fatty acid profile parameters. The overall effect of CLA feeding on final weight was negative and it was only significant in fixed effect model (p<0.01). Significantly lower weight gain, feed intake and higher feed conversion ratio compared to control were found (p<0.05). CLA feeding on the overall increased total saturated fatty acid concentration in broilers compared to the control diet (p<0.01). Total unsaturated fatty acid concentration was significantly decreased by CLA feeding (p<0.01). As for individual fatty acid profiles, C16:0, C18:0 and C18:3 were increased and C18:2 was significantly decreased by CLA feeding (p<0.01). In conclusion, CLA was proved not to be beneficial for improving growth performance, whereas it might be supposed that CLA is effective modulating n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio in thigh meat. However, the economical compensation of the loss from suppressed growth performance and increased saturated fatty acids with the benefit from enhanced n-6/n-3 ratio should be investigated in further studies in order to propose an appropriate use of dietary CLA in the broiler industry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 1998

The Mt. Cheongok is located at the northern part of Kyungsangpookdo from $37^{\circ}$ 00' 00" to $37^{\circ}$ 05' 00" latitude and from $128^{\circ}$ 55' 00" to $129^{\circ}$ 00' 00" longitude. The altitude of the summit is 1,276.5m. This study was carried out to classify forest communities by the methods of Z${\ddot{u}}$rich-Montepellier schools. And, it also might be useful for selection of plant species, forest conservation, and prompting vegetation succession. The forest vegetation in Mt. Cheongok was classified into 12 communities, 4 groups, and 4 subgroups. Rhododendron micranthum subgroup of Pinus densiflora for. erecta community and Fraxinus mandshurica community were not found in cool temperate forest, southern zone yet. According to the coincidence method, Pines densiflora for. erecta community was mainly distributed from altitude 450m to 1,100m and from upper slope to ridge, and Quercus mongolica community was dominanced in the range of over altitude 700m. Pinus densiflora for. erecta community, distributed in upper slope and ridge, is judged to be maintained in the future. But Pinus densiflora for. erecta community, distributed in below middle slope, is judged to be changed into deciduous hardwood forest.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.11
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• pp.584-589
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• 2018

Secondary prevention via earlier detection would afford the greatest chance for a cure in premalignant lesions. We investigated the exomic profiles of non-malignant and malignant changes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and the genomic blueprint of human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven carcinogenesis in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Whole-exome (WES) and whole-genome (WGS) sequencing were performed on peripheral blood and adjacent non-tumor and tumor specimens obtained from eight Korean HNSCC patients from 2013 to 2015. Next-generation sequencing yielded an average coverage of $94.3{\times}$ for WES and $35.3{\times}$ for WGS. In comparative genomic analysis of non-tumor and tumor tissue pairs, we were unable to identify common cancer-associated early mutations and copy number alterations (CNA) except in one pair. Interestingly, in this case, we observed that non-tumor tonsillar crypts adjacent to HPV-positive OPSCC appeared normal under a microscope; however, this tissue also showed weak p16 expression. WGS revealed the infection and integration of high-risk type HPV16 in this tissue as well as in the matched tumor. Furthermore, WES identified shared and tumor-specific genomic alterations for this pair. Clonal analysis enabled us to infer the process by which this transitional crypt epithelium (TrCE) evolved into a tumor; this evolution was accompanied by the subsequent accumulation of genomic alterations, including an ERBB3 mutation and large-scale CNAs, such as 3q27-qter amplification and 9p deletion. We suggest that HPV16-driven OPSCC carcinogenesis is a stepwise evolutionary process that is consistent with a multistep carcinogenesis model. Our results highlight the carcinogenic changes driven by HPV16 infection and provide a basis for the secondary prevention of OPSCC.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1989

While cisplatin has been widely used in the treatment of a variety of cancers, nephrotoxicity is one of the major problems which frequently limit clinical usefulness of cisplatin. This study has been conducted to investigate nephrotoxicity of cisplatin in terms of changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (EFPF) measured by the simultaneous use of $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ and $^{131}I-OIH$, before and after administration of cisplatin, in 12 patients with lung cancer and four patients with esophageal cancer. Cisplatin was administrated at total doses of $75\sim100mg/m^2$ with two hour hydration and diuresis method. GFR determined by the use of $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ had a good correlation with 24-hour creatinine clearance rate (r=0.77, p<0.001). GFR and filtration fraction decreased immediately after administration of cisplatin, however, they showed a tendency to be in completely recovered four weeks after administration. ERPF was not changed immediately after and four weeks after administration of cisplatin. GFR before and immediately after administration of cisplatin were analyzed with regard to age, sex, performance status, previous adminstration of cisplatin and method of administration. None of these factors had any influence on the rate of decrease in GFR except method of administration. Administration of cisplatin as a single dose lowered GFR more compared with that as divided doses. In this study, we have also demonstrated that the simultaneous use of $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ and $^{131}I-OIH$ was a useful tool for the measurement of GFR and ERPF respectively.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2001

Objective : This study was undertaken to evaluate operative results and prognosis according to preoperative clinical status and histopathological finding of spinal cord tumor. Methods : We analyzed of clinical feature, tumor location, histopathologic finding, operative results and prognosis in 55 patients with spinal cord tumor during last 10 years. Results : 1) The incidence of spinal cord tumors varies with the age of affected patients who are 2 to 75 years of age. Peak incidences were in the 5th & 7th decade of life, and the ratio of male to female was 1.2:1. 2) The most common histopathologic type was neurinoma(41.9%). 3) The tumors were located most frequently in the thoracic area(22 cases, 40.0%) and in the intradural extramedullary space(30 cases, 54.5%). 4) The most common initial clinical feature was pain in 20 cases(36.4%). For neurologic status on admission, 30 cases(54.5%) showed motor disturbance. 5) In radiologic studies, there were abnormal finding in 21 cases from plain X-rays among 37 cases. The entire 20 cases in when myelography was done showed subarachnoid blockade, either complete or incomplete. The magnetic resonance imaging, regard as the most accurate diagnostic method, revealed the exact location of the tumor and the relationship of the tumor with the adjacent anatomical structure. 6) The total removal was possible in 36 cases(65.5%), subtotal removal in 17 cases(30.9%) and biopsy in 2 cases (3.6%). Nineteen cases(90.5%) among 21 cases with preoperative radiculopathy group showed recovery or improvement, where as only 11 cases(36.7%) among 30 cases with preoperative motor weakness group showed recovery or improvement, with statistically significant difference(p<0.01). Pathologically, 26 cases(83.9%) among 31 cases of neurinoma and meningioma showed postoperative recovery or improved, but only 1 case(6.3%) among 16 cases of metastatic tumor, astrocytoma and ependymoma recovered. Postoperative complication noted in 5 cases(9.1%), and were noted postoperative hematoma, pneumonia, pulmonary edema and spinal cord infarction. Conclusion : Preoperative neurologic status and histopathologic finding are considered important factors of Postoperative outcome in patients with spinal cord tumor.