• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.550-561
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• 2009

This study is to investigate the air pollution characteristics of an industrialized midsize west-coastal city by comparing air quality to a neighboring inland city. The hourly averaged data of $O_3$, $SO_2$, $NO_2$, CO, and $PM_{10}$ measured from continuous air quality monitoring sites in Gunsan (coastal) and Jeonju (inland) were analyzed. The data set covers the period from 2004 to 2006. The annual average concentrations of the air pollutants in two cities were compared in their abundances and temporal trends as well. $O_3$ and $SO_2$ in Gunsan were relatively higher than those in Jeonju, while vice versa in case of $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$. It seems that heavy automobile emissions from Jeonju mainly bring on higher $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ than those in Gunsan on annual base. $NO_2$ concentrations in both cities showed bimodal diurnal variations with peaks in the morning and in the late evening. These peaks correspond to the coupled effects of rush hour traffic and meteorological conditions (i.e., variation of mixing height and dispersion conditions). Maximum hourly averages of $NO_2$ ranged from 18 ppb to 28 ppb at Jeonju, and from 12 ppb to 20 ppb at Gunsan. $O_3$ showed typical diurnal variation with a maximum in the afternoon between 14:00 and 16:00 LST. Diurnal variations of CO and $PM_{10}$ were similar to $NO_2$ while $SO_2$ was similar to $O_3$. Seasonal variations of $PM_{10}$ in both cities indicated that their concentrations during spring season were significantly high. Asian dust storms occur frequently during spring and seem to affect increase in $PM_{10}$. High $O_3$ and $PM_{10}$ days were selected from both cities. The analyses based on the HYSPLIT trajectory model during the high $O_3$ and $PM_{10}$ showed these episodes (six cases) were mostly coincident with Asian dust storm originated from northern China and Mongolia. However, these high air pollution episodes in the west coastal cities may not only be caused by the Asian dust but also affected by other air pollutants transported from China accompanying the Asian dust.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.477-490
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the restoration possibility of the old streams by enhancing the rainwater infiltration in the watershed of Deokjin Park, Jeonju City. This study was performed by modeling groundwater discharge to the streams under various conditions. We assessed the amount and location of groundwater recharge enhancement to restore the streams and evaluated whether the baseflows of the restored streams are sufficient to keep the water ecosystem of the Deokjin Pond. The results show that the baseflow of the streams can persist for a longer time even during the dry season when the rainwater drainage system is recovered similarly to the those before development using low impact development (LID) techniques. The enhancements of recharge in the headwater area, which is the area around the zoo and Daeji Village in the Deokjin Park watershed, is useful to increase the baseflows of the downstream reaches. Furthermore, spreaded recharge over a widespread area is better to prevent the streams from drying than the intensive recharge at a few sites.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 1992

In this study, the water soluble sulfur, lead and cadmium contents of Prunus yedoerais leaves were analysed. The water soluble sulfur content considered as a main pollution indicator was extracted by the conventional barium sulfate method and the concentrations were calculated. The results obtained are as follows ; 1. The water soluble sulfur contents of the leaves collected from the heavy traffic roadside trees were two time higher than that of control materials on average. It was presumed those trees has been under meaningful pollutants impact. The water soluble sulfur contents of leaves between Cheonju and Iri was higher than that between Iri and Kunsan. 2. The range of Pb contents from roadside trees was 11.9-34.5 ppm for exceeding the control. The trees grown on the right roadside were more heavliy Pb-contaminated. 3. The range of Cd contents from roadside trees grown between Iri and Kunsan, the site-to-site variations of Cd concentration was not significant.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.153-153
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• 2003

Reproductive cycle with the ovarian developmental phases, first sexual maturity of the female venus clam, Cyclina sinensis, was investigated by a histological study, and the number of spawned eggs and spawning frequency by artificial spawning induction of the clams were estimated. Samples were collected from the intertidal zone of Simpo, Gimje city, Korea between January and December, 2001. The reproductive cycle of this species can be classified into five successive stages; early active (February to April), late active (March to June), ripe (May to August), spent (July to September), and spent and inactive (September to February). The spawning period was once a year between July and August, a spawning peak was seen in July and August. Percentages of first sexual maturity of female clams of 25.1-30.0 mm in shell length were 64.3%, and 100% for the clams > 40.1 mm. The number of the eggs released from each clam by spawning induction increased as the size of clam in terms of shell length increased. The mean number of the eggs released from the second induction of spawning was 76.87% of the number of the eggs released in the first spawning. Our data indicated that the interval of each spawning was estimated to be approximately 15-17 (average 16.5) days.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.467-475
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• 2015

The Deokjin Pond is one of the places representing Jeonju City's history but has the poor water quality. The pond has a storage of $88,741m^3$ and a drainage area of $3.77km^2$. It has been maintained only by the groundwater pumped from the upstream wells and the direct rainfalls on the water surface since the old streams replenishing the pond were turned into a part of the sewer system due to indiscreet urbanization. The lack of replenishing water as well as the organic-rich bottom sediment were suggested as two main causes deteriorating the water-ecosystem. In this study, possible measures obtaining waters for restoration of Deokjin Pond ecosystem are discussed. It is estimated that the present pond can be replenished about 32 times a year by the runoff when the drainage system in the watershed is recovered to a state before urbanization. To support this, the drainage system is compared with that of nearby Osong Pond, which shows relatively better water-ecosystem. Even though Osong Pond has a drainage area one-seventh of that of Deokjin Pond, its storage is more than the half of it. It is because its watershed has a near natural drainage system where the rain mostly infiltrates into soil and slowly discharges into the pond. Therefore, it is believed that the low impact development (LID), which is known as a technique restoring the water circulating system to a condition before development, would be helpful in obtaining waters required for Deokjin Pond ecosystem management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.253-264
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• 2019

Storm surges caused by a typhoon occur during the summer season, when the sea-level is higher than the annual average due to steric effect. In this study, we analyzed the sea-level pressure and tidal data collected in 1 h intervals at Incheon, Kunsan, Mokpo, Seogwipo stations on the Yellow Sea coast to analyze the summer season storm surge and wave overtopping. According to our analyses, the summer mean sea-level rise on the west and south coasts is approximately 20 cm and 15 to 20 cm higher than the annual mean sea-level rise. Changes in sea-level rise are closely related to changes in seasonal sea-level pressure, within the range of 1.58 to 1.73 cm/hPa. These correlated mechanisms generates a phase difference of one month or more. The 18.6 year long period tidal constituents indicate that in 2090, the amplitude of the $M_2$ basin peaks on the southwest coast. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the target year for global warming and sea-level rise in 2090. Wave overtopping was simulated considering annual mean sea-level rise, summer sea level rise, the combined effect of nodal factor variation, and 100-year frequency storm surge. As a result, flooding by wave overtopping occurs in the area of Suyong Bay, Busan. In 2090, overtopping discharges are more than doubled than those in Marine City by the recent typhoon Chaba. Adequate coastal design is needed to prepare for flood vulnerability.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.299-310
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• 2007

It will be necessary to make proper management plans to preserve the air quality in good level for the public. In order to make these plans, source information and detail emission inventories of the city and near industrial areas should be given. However, lack of the source measurements data makes us more difficult to complete the source inventory. VOC source Inventory could be utilized for the feasibility study to estimate the contribution of VOC sources presenting to the receptor such as residential area. It may give policy maker an idea how to control the air quality, and improve their social environment in the area. This study shows data that measured VOCs concentrations from the local industrial areas in Jeonju during from May 2005 to January 2006. The samples were collected from the near sources in 7 major factories in the industrial park as well as 5 general sources in near city Jeonju area to elucidate the abundances of speciated VOCs and their spacial and temporal distributions depending on source bases. Industrial sources are as follows; chemical, food, paper, wood, metal, non-metal (glass), and painting (coating) industries. The 5 general sources are sampled from tunnel, gasoline gas station, dry cleaning shop, printing (copy) shop, and road pavement working place in urban area. To understand the near source effect at receptor, samples from the 2 receptor sites (one is at center of the industrial complex and the other site is at distance residential area downwind from the center) were collected and analyzed for the comparison to source concentration. The mass contributions of the speciated VOC to total mass of VOCs measured from the different sources and ambient (2 receptors) were presented and discussed.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 1994

In order to elucidate the outbreak mechanisms of a new disease which is characterized by an intense congestion in central venus sinuses(CVS) of gill filaments in cultured eel. these experiments were carried out; epidemically surveyed on the cultured eel farms in the vicinity of Kunsan city and experimentaliy outbreaked the disease in the stressful condition such as thermal and handling shock and innoculated the supernatant from the homogenate of naturally severe congested gill into eels and onto the monolayer of the CHSE-214. Although the frequency of congestion in eels of B, C, D and E farms were higher than in eels of A farms, the water qualities(stocked and cultured water) among farms were not a great difference. In eels of B, C, D and E farms, the values of haematocrit(Ht), haemoglobin(Hb), total protein(Tp), albumin(Alb), glucose(Glu), magnesium(Mg) were lower and the values of calcium(Ca), methemoglobin(Met-Hb), glutamic pyruvic transminase(GPT), glutamic oxalacetic transminase(GOT) higher than in eels of A farms. These valules have not related to the frequency of congestion. An intensive congestion and dilataton in CVS of gill filaments in experimentally handling-stressed eels produced similar histopathological changes to those observed in the spontaneously diseased eel, but not in eels experimentally injected with filtering contents. The cytopathic effect on the CHSE-214 was not observed. In stressed eels the congestion of gill was increased in relation to either the decrease ranges of water temperature or the incerase in accllimated times. And increase in Ht, Met-Hb, Alb, Glu, GOT and GPT and decrease in Mg, Hb and Tp were found, which had a close relationship to congestion of gill. Cortisol were increased according to the decrease ranges in acclimated water temperature. From these results, decrease in water temperature during selection placed eels upon the stressed condition, made increase in ionic strength in blood stream, and CVS was dilatated owing to the increased blood inflow.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.147-165
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• 1998

The object of this study was to help designing of well-fit and comfortable brassieres for the elementary school girls through the survey on actual condition of wearing brassieres. The subjects of investigation for this study was the elementary school girls in the province of Jeonbuk and Taejeon city. The conclusion of this study was as follows; The 40.2% of the total subjects were wearing brassieres like the 63.3% of the fourth, the 85.4% of the fifth, and the 89.7% of the sixth grade students. The main reason of non wearing brassieres was for the underdeveloped breast, and also that of wearing brassieres was for the good shape of the breast. The main types of brassieres were ranked "Tank Top type", "Mold type", and "Adolescent girl-Bra". They had started to wear brassieres by the recommendation of adults who were their mother or teachers, and usually wearing brassieres all day. They usually purchased brassieres "with mother together" or "only by their mother". The standard of choosing brassieres was also ranked by FASHION, CONVENIENCE, SIZE, TOUCH, and SWEAT ABSORPTION. The total score of satisfaction for wearing brassieres was showed "Average score" and the score higher in Jeonju and Taejeon than in Kunsan. The higher grade and fatter was showed decreasing the score of satisfaction. The higher grade became, the more various for the size and preferable a pure cotton fabric for brassieres. The favorite types of brassieres were "Sport Bra" and "Volume-up Bra". They usually purchased a little larger size than their original size of that.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.77-84
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• 2016

The increase rate of total population slows down and the ratio of the elderly population & single-household in our country is growing rapidly. Korean's housing penetration has already exceeded 100%. So people focus on the qualitative aspects of housing, namely housing welfare than the quantitative supply of housing The purpose of the study proposes the desirable direction for housing welfare policy based on the housing welfare regulations. The data for the analysis was collected through the regulations of 8 cities and 9 provinces. So housing welfare contents like housing welfare business, housing welfare center, etc. were extracted from 4 Housing Welfare Support Regulations, 5 Housing Basic Regulations and 8 Housing Regulations. The results were as follows: To stabilize housing and improve housing, the contents of housing welfare contained in related ordinance are still insufficient. Continue to be effective and housing welfare work, it shall be presented in detail in the regulations with respect to the financing plan. To those who need the housing welfare will have to be built an effective delivery system that can be delivered in a timely manner. For housing welfare for the elderly, housing welfare business information is detailed and broken down, it should be codified.