• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.464-475
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Increased levels of uremic toxins and decreased antioxidant capacity have a significant impact on the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it remains unclear whether they interact with each other to mediate the damage of kidney function. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether uremic toxins (i.e., homocysteine and indoxyl sulfate [IS]), as well as glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzyme activities are dependently or independently associated with kidney function during different stages of CKD patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS: One hundred thirty-two patients diagnosed with CKD at stages 1 to 5 participated in this cross-sectional study. RESULTS: Patients who had reached an advanced CKD stage experienced an increase in plasma uremic toxin levels, along with decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Plasma homocysteine, cysteine, and IS concentrations were all positively associated with each other, but negatively correlated to GSH-Px activity levels after adjusting for potential confounders in all CKD patients. Although plasma homocysteine, cysteine, IS, and GSH-Px levels were significantly associated with kidney function, only plasma IS levels still had a significant association with kidney function after these parameters were simultaneously adjusted. In addition, plasma IS could interact with GSH-Px activity to be associated with kidney function. CONCLUSIONS: IS plays a more dominant role than homocysteine and GSH-Px activity in relation to kidney function.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.22-34
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze commemoration characteristics of fifty-nine Vietnam war memorials in Korea(VWMK) including monuments and national cemeteries from landscape architectural point of view such as location, spacial characteristic, landscape detail, sculpture, and interpretive text. Based on the commemoration characteristics of the analysis, the commemoration culture among Vietnam, the U.S.A., and Korea were studied and differences compared. The results are as follows. First, monuments were mainly located in public open space such as national cemeteries, parks, and plaza, and some of them were elected along with Korea war memorials to honor Vietnam war veterans at the national level. Second, because the monuments were relatively small and memorial towers were conventionally built on a square platform, the memorial style had been simply standardized to stereotype the commemoration characteristics. Third, outmoded memorial towers, stone plates, emblems, and memorial walls were used as main landscape details and standardized facilities were considered from an artistic and social point of view. Fourth, realistic soldier statues to show heroic and humanitarian image were in majority, while symbolic and abstract sculpture were small in number, they were mostly conventional and unexpressive. Fifth, the causes of participation in the Vietnam War were predominantly expressed as 'defending freedom', 'keeping world peace', and 'national economic development' based on anti-communism and patriotism, and also the collectivity of Vietnam War veterans by troop and local level was emphasized through engraving each veterans's name on towers, plates, and walls. VWMK are mostly conventional and stereotyped in style and show strongly national official memory and the collectivity of veterans from a sociopolitical perspective, and aim for anti-communistic patriotism ideologically. Further study and projects will be required to make creative and innovative memorials and to study how to rethink sublime fundamental themes like war, death, and the individual veteran's experience in VWMK.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pain recovery pattern according to the integrity and to analyze the factors affecting the progress and level of pain postoperatively. Materials and Methods: We examined 153 patients, who were treated with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. 101 rotator cuff tears were full-thickness tear and 52 were partial tear. The mean follow up duration was 20 months (12~30 months). We evaluated the visual analogue scale, range of motion, ASES (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons), and UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) scores preoperatively and postoperatively. We analyzed the pain recovery pattern between partial and full thickness tear using Student T-test and the factors affecting the progress and level of postoperative pain using multiple regression analysis. Results: The change patterns of visual analogue scale after arthroscpoic repair were similar regardless of the tear integrity. The VAS showed a continuous decreasing pattern, but increased at first 3 weeks postoperatively and at 7 weeks postoperatively, and then, decreased thereafter. The average VAS was ${\leqq}2$ points by postoperative 3 months. The factor affecting the pain score at 3 months was related to the preoperative limitation in forward flexion ($r^2=0.377$, p=0.021). Conclusion: There was no differences of the pain recovery pattern according to the integrity, and the factor affecting the progress of postoperative pain was preoperative angle of forward elevation. So, the appropriate preoperative rehabilitation protocol that can improve motions of the shoulder joint would help to improve the level of postoperative pain and functional recovery.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined the effectiveness of tranexamic acid in reducing postoperative blood loss in total knee arthroplasty by comparing the methods of administration between an intravenous group, topical group, and non-tranexamic acid group. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective case series study of patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty from March 2017 to February 2019 performed by a single surgeon. The study population was divided into three groups according to the method of tranexamic acid administration (Group I: intravenous group, Group II: topical group, Group III: non-tranexamic acid group). To evaluate the effectiveness of tranexamic acids, the total amount of postoperative blood loss, postoperative hemoglobin loss, and volume of red blood cell transfusion in the three groups were compared. Results: The total amount of postoperative blood loss was lower in the tranexamic acid administered group than in the non-tranexamic acid group (1,366±866 ml). Among the administration methods, the intravenous group (987±449 ml) was significantly lower than the topical group (1,136±339 ml) (p=0.004). Postoperative hemoglobin loss was lower in the tranexamic acid group than the non-tranexamic acid group. Among the administration methods, the intravenous group was lower than the topical group. The transfusion rate was higher in the non-tranexamic acid group (5.7%) than the tranexamic administered group. The transfusion rate of the intravenous group was 1.4%, and no patient required a transfusion postoperatively in the topical group. The number of postoperative thromboembolic events, as a complication of tranexamic acid, was similar in the three groups. Conclusion: Tranexamic acid was effective in reducing postoperative blood loss after primary total knee arthroplasty compared to the non-tranexamic acid administered group. No significant difference in the complications induced by tranexamic acid was observed among the three groups.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.238-243
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• 2009

Background: Radiofrequency obliteration and endovenous laser therapy of the greater saphenous vein have recently been introduced as alternative, minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of saphenous vein incompetence. The 7 Fr. VNUS $ClosureFAST^{(R)}$ radiofrequency obliteration system was introduced in Gwang-Ju Veterans hospital. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and complications of radiofrequency obliteration using the 7 Fr. VNUS $ClosureFAST^{(R)}$ system. Material and Method: Between May 2, 2007 and May 31, 2008, we performed radiofrequency obliteration on 90 patients. The number of males was 67 and their mean age was $57.9{\pm}11.0$ (range: $23{\sim}78$) years old. The patients underwent follow up exams at 3 weeks after the procedures and then every 3 months. The effects of treatment and the complications were reviewed. Result: The postoperative complications were ecchymosis (94.4%), pain (27.8%), paresthesia (25.6%), bullous formation (8.9%), edema (6.7%) and phlebitis (2.2%). One patient showed good blood flow after 3 weeks and one patient showed good blood flow after 3 months. The one-year success rate of radiofrequency obliteration in varicose veins was 97.6%. Conclusion: Our data showed acceptable operative results and short-term clinical results for treating varicose veins with radio frequency obliteration. Long-term follow-up and comparison of radio frequency obliteration with high ligation and stripping, previous radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser therapy are needed in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2009

Hundreds of thousands of South Korean protesters staged candlelight vigils and demonstrations against US beef imports in 2008. The problems, however, went far beyond that of beef imports. The political party veterans, who lost the presidential election, exploited labor unions that were discontent with the economy and ideological student groups to weaken the majority party. In this study, an epidemiological model is constructed with a system of three nonlinear differential equations. The model seeks to examine the dynamics of the system through stability analysis. Two threshold conditions that spread the protests are identified and a sensitivity analysis on the conditions is performed to isolate the parameters to which the system is most responsive. The results are also explored by deterministic simulations. This model can be easily modified to apply to other protests that may occur in various circumstances.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.617-624
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• 1998

A variety of neuromuscular diseases in children cause muscle imbalance. impaired function, and resultant deformity of the lower extremities. Equinovarus, equinos, adductor contracture are common deformity of lower extremities in the children. Generally, the transfer was successful in improving or maintaining range of motion, stability of the joint and gait. Postoperative physical therapy is important. Physical therapy was instituted after cast removal. All children received stretching exercise, range of motion exercise for the joint, proprioceptive neuromuscular fascilitation and gait training was administered. This article describes our experience with the physical therapy for tendon transfered spastic cerebral palsy and discusses the therapeutic protocol.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.569-574
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to present the basic reference data of age and specipic gait parameters for Parkinson's disease patients. The basic gait parameters were extracted from 20 patients of parkinson's disease and 20 healthy control subjects using VICON 512 Motion Analyzer. The temporal gait parameters and kinematic parameters is data of Parkinson' s Disease Patients. The results were as follows: (1) In patients' group, cadence, walking velocity were less than control group (p<.05). (2) In patients' group, maximum flexion of hip, maximum adduction of hip and maximum flexion of the knee were less than control group (p<.05). (3) In patients' group, maximum varus of the knee were more than control group (p<.05).

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.285-294
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• 2000

80 persons who don't have past history of cardiopulmonary and neuromuscular disease. The results were as follow; 1. PCI(Physiological Cost Index) value without loading to ankle were significantly increased compared to 1kg, and 2kg (p<0.01). 2. Female Subjects showed more increased PCI value in without loading and lkg, 2kg loading compared to male subjects (p<0.01). 3. In every PCI condition the difference among height groups was observed (p<0.01). 4. The difference among weight groups in each PCI condition was observed (p<0.01). These results showed that energy consumption was increased according to loading on the ankle during gait so weight of orthosis or prosthesis must be considered when choosing them and during gait training with these ones.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.109-109
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• 1991

We have recognized that an organization should be viewed from a multifaceted perspective necessitating a sophisticated analytical and systematic approach to monitor and improve organizational performance. Although some performance measurement systems have been proposed and are currently being used in many organizations, no performance measurement system has presented a mechanism for integrating all of the information of performance measures in a way that considers relationships between them. This paper introduces the implementation of the performance information integration method(PIIM) which synthesizes all useful information of performance measures with consideration of the relationship and generates a single, global, organizational performance score. The PIIM was empirically validated by implementing in one of Missouri Veterans Homes