• 한국농공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.3361-3394
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• 1974

The purpose of this thesis is to disclose some characteristics of water consumption in relation to the quantities of dry matters through the growing period for two statured varieties of paddy rice which are a tall statured variety and a short one, including the water consumption during seedling period, and to find out the various coefficients of evapotranspiration that are applicable for the water use of an expected yield of the two varieties. PAL-TAL, a tall statured variety, and TONG-lL, a short statured variety were chosen for this investigation. Experiments were performed in two consecutive periods, a seedling period and a paddy field period, In the investigation of seedling period, rectangular galvanized iron evapotranspirometers (91cm${\times}$85cm${\times}$65cm) were set up in a way of two levels (PAL-TAL and TONG-lL varieties) with two replications. A standard fertilization method was applied to all plots. In the experiment of paddy field period, evapotanspiration and evaporation were measured separately. For PAL-TAL variety, the evapotranspiration measurements of 43 plots of rectangular galvanized iron evapotranspirometer (91cm${\times}$85cm${\times}$65cm) and the evaporation measurements of 25 plots of rectangular galvanized iron evaporimeter (91cm${\times}$85cm${\times}$15cm) have been taken for seven years (1966 through 1972), and for TONG-IL variety, the evapotranspiration measurements of 19 plots and the evaporation measurements of 12 plots have been collected for two years (1971 through 1972) with five different fertilization levels. The results obtained from this investigation are summarized as follows: 1. Seedling period 1) The pan evaporation and evapotranspiration during seedling period were proved to have a highly significant correlation to solar radiation, sun shine hours and relative humidity. But they had no significant correlation to average temperature, wind velocity and atmospheric pressure, and were appeared to be negatively correlative to average temperature and wind velocity, and positively correlative to the atmospheric pressure, in a certain period. There was the highest significant correlation between the evapotranspiration and the pan evaporation, beyond all other meteorological factors considered. 2) The evapotranpiration and its coefficient for PAL-TAL variety were 194.5mm and 0.94∼1.21(1.05 in average) respectively, while those for TONG-lL variety were 182.8mm and 0.90∼1.10(0.99 in average) respectively. This indicates that the evapotranspiration for TONG-IL variety was 6.2% less than that for PAL-TAL variety during a seedling period. 3) The evapotranspiration ratio (the ratio of the evapotranspiration to the weight of dry matters) during the seedling period was 599 in average for PAL-TAL variety and 643 for TONG-IL variety. Therefore the ratio for TONG-IL was larger by 44 than that for PAL-TAL variety. 4) The K-values of Blaney and Criddle formula for PAL-TAL variety were 0.78∼1.06 (0.92 in average) and for TONG-lL variety 0.75∼0.97 (0.86 in average). 5) The evapotranspiration coefficient and the K-value of B1aney and Criddle formular for both PAL-TAL and TONG-lL varieties showed a tendency to be increasing, but the evapotranspiration ratio decreasing, with the increase in the weight of dry matters. 2. Paddy field period 1) Correlation between the pan evaporation and the meteorological factors and that between the evapotranspiration and the meteorological factors during paddy field period were almost same as that in case of the seedling period (Ref. to table IV-4 and table IV-5). 2) The plant height, in the same level of the weight of dry matters, for PAL-TAL variety was much larger than that for TONG-IL variety, and also the number of tillers per hill for PAL-TAL variety showed a trend to be larger than that for TONG-IL variety from about 40 days after transplanting. 3) Although there was a tendency that peak of leaf-area-index for TONG-IL variety was a little retarded than that for PAL-TAL variety, it appeared about 60∼80 days after transplanting. The peaks of the evapotranspiration coefficient and the weight of dry matters at each growth stage were overlapped at about the same time and especially in the later stage of growth, the leaf-area-index, the evapotranspiration coefficient and the weight of dry matters for TONG-IL variety showed a tendency to be larger then those for PAL-TAL variety. 4) The evaporation coefficient at each growth stage for TONG-IL and PAL-TALvarieties was decreased and increased with the increase and decrease in the leaf-area-index, and the evaporation coefficient of TONG-IL variety had a little larger value than that of PAL-TAL variety. 5) Meteorological factors (especially pan evaporation) had a considerable influence to the evapotranspiration, the evaporation and the transpiration. Under the same meteorological conditions, the evapotranspiration (ET) showed a increasing logarithmic function of the weight of dry matters (x), while the evaporation (EV) a decreasing logarithmic function of the weight of dry matters; 800kg/10a x 2000kg/10a, ET=al+bl logl0x (bl>0) EV=a2+b2 log10x (a2>0 b2<0) At the base of the weight of total dry matters, the evapotranspiration and the evaporation for TONG-IL variety were larger as much as 0.3∼2.5% and 7.5∼8.3% respectively than those of PAL-TAL variety, while the transpiration for PAL-TAL variety was larger as much as 1.9∼2.4% than that for TONG-IL variety on the contrary. At the base of the weight of rough rices the evapotranspiration and the transpiration for TONG-IL variety were less as much as 3.5% and 8.l∼16.9% respectively than those for PAL-TAL variety and the evaporation for TONG-IL was much larger by 11.6∼14.8% than that for PAL-TAL variety. 6) The evapotranspiration coefficient, the evaporation coefficient and the transpiration coefficient and the transpiration coefficient were affected by the weight of dry matters much more than by the meteorological conditions. The evapotranspiratioa coefficient (ETC) and the evaporation coefficient (EVC) can be related to the weight of dry matters (x) by the following equations: 800kg/10a x 2000kg/10a, ETC=a3+b3 logl0x (b3>0) EVC=a4+b4 log10x (a4>0, b4>0) At the base of the weights of dry matters, 800kg/10a∼2000kg/10a, the evapotranspiration coefficients for TONG-IL variety were 0.968∼1.474 and those for PAL-TAL variety, 0.939∼1.470, the evaporation coefficients for TONG-IL variety were 0.504∼0.331 and those for PAL-TAL variety, 0.469∼0.308, and the transpiration coefficients for TONG-IL variety were 0.464∼1.143 and those for PAL-TAL variety, 0.470∼1.162. 7) The evapotranspiration ratio, the evaporation ratio (the ratio of the evaporation to the weight of dry matters) and the transpiration ratio were highly affected by the meteorological conditions. And under the same meteorological condition, both the evapotranspiration ratio (ETR) and the evaporation ratio (EVR) showed to be a decreasing logarithmic function of the weight of dry matters (x) as follows: 800kg/10a x 2000kg/10a, ETR=a5+b5 logl0x (a5>0, b5<0) EVR=a6+b6 log10x (a6>0 b6<0) In comparison between TONG-IL and PAL-TAL varieties, at the base of the pan evaporation of 343mm and the weight of dry matters of 800∼2000kg/10a, the evapotranspiration ratios for TONG-IL variety were 413∼247, while those for PAL-TAL variety, 404∼250, the evaporation ratios for TONG-IL variety were 197∼38 while those for PAL-TAL variety, 182∼34, and the transpiration ratios for TONG-IL variety were 216∼209 while those for PAL-TAL variety, 222∼216 (Ref. to table IV-23, table IV-25 and table IV-26) 8) The accumulative values of evapotranspiration intensity and transpiration intensity for both PAL-TAL and TONG-IL varieties were almost constant in every climatic year without the affection of the weight of dry matters. Furthermore the evapotranspiration intensity appeared to have more stable at each growth stage. The peaks of the evapotranspiration intensity and transpiration intensity, for both TONG-IL and PAL-TAL varieties, appeared about 60∼70 days after transplanting, and the peak value of the former was 128.8${\pm}$0.7, for TONG-IL variety while that for PAL-TAL variety, 122.8${\pm}$0.3, and the peak value of the latter was 152.2${\pm}$1.0 for TONG-IL variety while that for PAL-TAL variety, 152.7${\pm}$1.9 (Ref.to table IV-27 and table IV-28) 9) The K-value in Blaney & Criddle formula was changed considerably by the meteorological condition (pan evaporation) and related to be a increasing logarithmic function of the weight of dry matters (x) for both PAL-TAL and TONG-L varieties as follows; 800kg/10a x 2000kg/10a, K=a7+b7 logl0x (b7>0) The K-value for TONG-IL variety was a little larger than that for PAL-TAL variety. 10) The peak values of the evapotranspiration coefficient and k-value at each growth stage for both TONG-IL and PAL-TAL varieties showed up about 60∼70 days after transplanting. The peak values of the former at the base of the weights of total dry matters, 800∼2000kg/10a, were 1.14∼1.82 for TONG-IL variety and 1.12∼1.80, for PAL-TAL variety, and at the base of the weights of rough rices, 400∼1000 kg/10a, were 1.11∼1.79 for TONG-IL variety and 1.17∼1.85 for PAL-TAL variety. The peak values of the latter, at the base of the weights of total dry matters, 800∼2000kg/10a, were 0.83∼1.39 for TONG-IL variety and 0.86∼1.36 for PAL-TAL variety and at the base of the weights of rough rices, 400∼1000kg/10a, 0.85∼1.38 for TONG-IL variety and 0.87∼1.40 for PAL-TAL variety (Ref. to table IV-18 and table IV-32) 11) The reasonable and practicable methods that are applicable for calculating the evapotranspiration of paddy rice in our country are to be followed the following priority a) Using the evapotranspiration coefficients based on an expected yield (Ref. to table IV-13 and table IV-18 or Fig. IV-13). b) Making use of the combination method of seasonal evapotranspiration coefficient and evapotranspiration intensity (Ref. to table IV-13 and table IV-27) c) Adopting the combination method of evapotranspiration ratio and evapotranspiration intensity, under the conditions of paddy field having a higher level of expected yield (Ref. to table IV-23 and table IV-27). d) Applying the k-values calculated by Blaney-Criddle formula. only within the limits of the drought year having the pan evaporation of about 450mm during paddy field period as the design year (Ref. to table IV-32 or Fig. IV-22).

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2019

Bombyx mori silkworm has many silkworm varieties and the structure and properties of silk can be varied depending on the silkworm variety. Therefore, the choice of proper silkworm variety can be an effective way to control and improve the performance of silk materials in biomedical and cosmetic applications. As a preliminary study, in the present study, thirty nine Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons were prepared and their molecular conformation and crystallinity were examined. Molecular conformation and the crystallinity of silkworm cocoons were different depending on the silkworm variety. Interestingly, the crystallinity index of outside of cocoon was different from that of inside of cocoon and the difference between the crystallinities of outside and inside of cocoon was varied depending on the silkworm variety. In this study, the silkworm variety cocoons were classified into three groups (Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3) based on the difference of crystallinities between outside and inside.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.549-557
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• 2011

Chinese cabbage is a staple food to Korean, which has the high degree of self-sufficiency and worldwide breeding technique in the aspect of seed. However, the producers' competitiveness has been decreasing after the agricultural product market was open. In order to cope with this problem, the government introduced some policies for promoting seed industry in 2007 to reflect producer's needs for high quality seeds of Chinese cabbage. These policies will be a good opportunity for producers to secure and promote the producers' competitiveness against low-price importing Chinese cabbage. In this aspect it is very important to know how well these policies are established and what Chinese cabbage farmers want in regard to a new variety of Chinese cabbage seed. This study was carried out to look over the Chinese cabbage producers' using pattern about a new variety of seed and show some directions for efficient way of diffusion of a new variety of seed to producers using a survey research. The main results are as follows. The producers thought the characteristics of a new variety of seed most important factor compared to other factors such as the seed price, and easiness of cabbage sales when they choose a seed. Also, the 65% of respondents were willing to accept a new variety of seed and thought the government support for an exhibition field and diffusing public information about a new variety of Chinese cabbage seed are important in accepting a new variety of seed.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.450-456
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• 2023

The National Forest Seed and Variety Center aims to write a manual for cultivation and characteristic inspection of new seed varieties in Korea, serving dual purposes. The first is the enhancement of the test guidelines, particularly the distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) test, for new seed variety, where research and examination are conducted based on the test guidelines. However, if the crop-specific test guidelines are initially reorganized, the details are unclear. Therefore, it seeks to maintain a written record to prevent confusion when the person in charge is changed. The second is to encourage the development of new varieties. By incorporating general characteristics and cultivation techniques in the manual, it seeks to encourage breeders to develop new varieties. Additionally, it serves as an important chronological record of the creation process, thereby helping future manual authors. This article introduces the current status of new plant variety protection and outlines the significance of creating a manual for cultivation and characterization of Actinidia arguta for screening new varieties.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 1983

全原一號 品種은 1920年代 後半에 全北 原蠶種製造所에서 選拔하였으며, 1970年代 中盤까지 湖南一部 地方에 栽培되였었다. 本 品種의 正確한 特性 究明을 위하여 1977年에 水原과 全州에 改良뽕을 對照品種으로 全原一號 品種을 植栽供試하고 1979年부터 1982年가지 4個年間 栽培試驗을 實施하여 究明된 特性은 다음과 같다. 1) 全原 1號는 白桑系에 屬하는 中生種이다. 2) 枝條는 展開性, 條數型으로 伸張力이 弱하다. 3) 枝條의 枯損長比率은 改良뽕보다 약간 높으나 큰차 없었으며, 뽕나무 오갈병저항성과 耐倒伏性은 改良뽕보다 弱하다. 4) 年間改量은 正葉量으로 10a當 1,474kg으로서 改良보다 14% 적었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2006년도 Grop Science and Biotechnology in the 21st Century
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• pp.31.1-31.1
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• 2006

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.322-329
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• 2011

국내 육성된 보리 품종의 유전적 다양성을 조사하기 위하여 microsatellite marker의 이용 가능성에 대한 연구를 수행하여 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 보리 70품종을 20개의 microsatellite marker를 이용하여 분석하였을 때 대립유전자의 수는 2~9개로 비교적 다양한 분포를 나타내었으며 전체 124개의 대립유전자가 분석되었다. PIC 값은 0.498~0.882 범위에 속하였으며 평균값은 0.734로 나타났다. microsatellite marker를 이용하여 작성된 보리70품종의 품종간 유전적 거리는 0.10~0.91의 범위로 나타났고, 유사도 지수 0.15를 기준으로 할 때 70개 품종은 2조 보리 그룹과 6조 보리 그룹으로 나눌 수 있었으며, 공시 품종 모두 microsatellite marker의 genotype에 의해 뚜렷이 구분되었다. 이 연구결과는 보리의 유전적 다양성 및 품종식별을 위한 기초 자료로 유용하게 이용될 수 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.123-125
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• 2005

A new variety, Geranium koraiense var. hallasanense B.-J. Woo & S.-J. Park, is described here from Jeju Island, Korea. The new variety is distributed only in Jeju Island, and readily distinguished from the other varieties of G. koraiense by its shape of radical leaf division, rounded or undulate petal apex, glabrous petal veins, densely pubescent stems, and stylar portion pubescent with trichomes in basal 1/4 portion. A key to the varieties of G. koraiense is provided.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1999

유기물 시용 및 벼 기상 생태형별 $CH_4$ 발생양상을 구명하고 이를 근거로 논 토양에서 배출되는 $CH_4$ 배출량을 추정하기 위해 미사질 양토에서 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 시기별 $CH_4$ 배출은 조생종이 2번의 peak를 나타냈으며 중생종과 만생종은 3번의 peak를 나타냈으며 줄기를 통한 $CH_4$ 배출은 온도가 높을수록 많은 경향이었다. 2. $CH_4$배출량은 조생종에 비하여 중생종과 만생종이 높은 경향이었으며, 볏짚 시용구와 비교해볼 때 볏짚 무시용구에서 46%의 $CH_4$ 배출이 감소되었다. 3. $CH_4$ 배출 계수($gm^{-2}day^{-1}$)는 조생종이 0.394, 중생종이 0.407, 만생종이 0.411이었으며, 볏짚 무시용시 $CH_4$ 배출계수는 조생종이 0.198, 중생종이 0.269, 만생종이 0.273이었다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

Purpose - Recent international studies have largely focused on measuring the welfare gains from increased trade varieties. To adequately capture the variety gains, it is of importance to estimate the elasticity of substitution between varieties of trade goods because it is one of the key parameters to determine the magnitude of the variety gains. Using the import data of South Korea, this paper shows that the elasticities vary substantially across the estimators, which affects the magnitude of the gains from trade. Design/methodology - Empirical studies working on the gains from trade variety have heavily depended on the estimation methods for the elasticity of substitution between trade varieties, developed by Feenstra (1994) and refined by Broda and Weinstein (2006). We estimate and compare the estimated elasticities for 8,945 HS 10 goods of South Korea, obtained from the three estimation methods: Feenstra's weighted least square (F-WLS), Feenstra's feasible generalized least square (F-FGLS), and Broda and Weinstein's feasible generalized least square (BW-FGLS). Findings - Using the estimated elasticities from the F-FGLS, considered as a suitable estimator, A typical Korean consumer saved 228 dollars per year by the greater access to new import varieties. This leads to gains from imported variety of 2.06% of GDP. In 2017, a typical Korean consumer would gain by 611 dollars, compared with 2000. China is the country with the largest contribution (28.4%), followed by Japan and USA. About 50% of all the welfare gains come from the imports from the three main trade partners. The Southern Asian countries are more important to the South Korean welfare gain than the Western European countries. Originality/value - Existing studies have chosen one of the methods without any criterion for the choice and then estimated the elasticities of substitution between varieties of trade goods. This paper focuses on the estimation specifications and methods as the cause of the disparity in estimated elasticities and welfare gains from trade variety. According to the Ramsey RESET and White tests, the F-FGLS estimates are relatively better compared to the F-WLS and BW-FGLS estimates. As another contribution, this paper provides the first measure of the welfare gains from trade variety for South Korea, using the estimated elasticities of substitution between trade varieties.