• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.101-110
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• 2009

In case of general residential house, photovoltaic can be installed at roof, wall, and any other places. But, in case of apartment building, there has not enough roof space to install photovoltaic panels to supply enough electricity. Actually, apartment building roof and facade wall (exclude the balcony window space) is not enough space to produce and supply the electricity to residents by installing PV panel. Generally, the space of facade balcony with windows in facade wall at apartment building occupied about $70{\sim}80%$, in all facade space. So, if we could use the balcony and windows space in facade as PV to generating electricity, there could contribute the energy saying. But, PV cell is opacify. So if it installed at front window area in apartment building, residents may have displeasure for that opacity character. But the other hand, residents are not always in house especially in day time that is exactly good time for generating electricity by PV. If we can use PV at the facade balcony with window without collusion of resident's displeasure, there have good attraction to using sustainable energy. Hence, this study suggests the design of facade balcony window style PV by considering resident's living pattern in apartment building. The methods of this study are as follows. At first, this study surveyed to the residents about residential time in their home and asked user demand by Delphi survey. At second, this study designed balcony open style PV system which oriented to the user demand. At third, this study tests designed result performance by computer simulation that compared design result with old design. As a result, For the purpose of satisfying the resident demand, there designed sliding window style which slide the several door systems to the one side. That would be make balcony absolute open scenery to the residents. Hence, the designed system performance results were as follows. When we compare the small apartment and large apartment, smaller one has good performance than larger one. Because resident's residential time characteristic. And that has more good electronic performance than vertical style that is similar to roof style.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 1998

A survey was carried out to investigate into high school girls' food intake pattern and their behavior for weight control. The average height and weight of the subjects were 161cm and 52.9kg, while 53.3% of them usually had breakfast which 83.7% of them had steamed rice and dishes,64.7% of residue (46.7%) them often skipped breakfast because they didn't have to eat. Most of them had lunch which prepared from home at lunch time (75.7%), they cheesed foods at first by taste(71.9%), but they almost didn't consider the nutritional aspects, also they had very small amount of fruits and vegetables. They had snack more than once a day(93.4%), As snack, they used mainly cookies(39%), Ramyun and Ddukbocki(31.5%),and breads(17.6%). Meal time was shown to be short such as 10 or 20 minutes(40.7%), dinner was thought to be the most important meal(66.9%) In spite of their weight was standard(56.68%), they thought their style as fatty(48.1%) and they wanted to reduce weight(90.4%). 90.3% of all subjects were interested in weight control and students with standard sizes(52.7%) and/or/(p<0.05) lean weights(27 1%) had concerning about weight control significantly. The motive of attempt to weight control was shown to be effected by mass communication(49.1%) mainly, When they tried to lose their weight, 66.7% of them depended on their own judgement, while only 1.1% asked for the advice of a doctor. The most effective way to control weight was thought to increase the amount of exercise(52.7%) and to control the amount of food (32.2%).

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 1991

The purpose of the this study was to investigate and analyze the various statistical data on the actual state of farmland uses given in Korea and Hokkaido of Japan. The results of this research are as follows ; 1. The rate of farmland uses was marked 118% and 99% in Korea and Hokkaido of Japan in 1988, respectively. That of Korea was higher than that of Hokkaido of Japan. The tendency of the value for Korea has been decreased since the value was shown peak in 1980, but that of the value for Hokkaido was found gradually the increased value. It was analyzed that the reason why the value was decreased in Korea was referred to avoid the crops culture, and the reason why the value was increased in Hokkaido was dueto increase the area of pasture. 2. The farmland use system according to region were d ue to be the mixing pattern of rice culture and dry-field crops in East region of korea and the type of mainly rice culture in West region. The pattern of farmland use system was used to be performed mainly the rice culture in Central region, the mixing type of rice culture and dry-field crops in South region, and the agriculture of mainly dry-field crops and dairy in East-North region in Hokkaido. 3. In the light of the rate of planting, the rate of rice culture and dry-field crops were 49% and 51% in Korea, respectively. As the values were 13% and 87% in Hokkaido of Japan, respectively, the dry-field crops attained the superiority. The main crop kinds was shown the rice culture in Korea and the feed plant in Hokkaido of Japan, respectively. 4. In considering the above results, there are much differences in agricultural style and industrialization processes in both country Korea and Japan. Especially much more differences were evident from farmland use system of Hokkaido Island where had unique agricultural style in Japan.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.85-89
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• 2005

Within a short period of time of evangelical activities in Korea, the Korean Christianity has been explosively grown since 1884. Now Korea became one of the top countries exporting many missionaries to other countries. We call the 1970s and after as the time of diversity in Korean churches and those buildings. In this period, Korean churches have grown larger and bigger, so called mega-churches. Including Yoido Full Gospel Church, Seoul with 10,000 seats, there are 22 mega-churches in Korea out of the world top 50 mega-churches. Having the necessity of knowing the composition of worship space of mega- or super-mega-churches, we analyzed and classified the information of mega-churches which were built after 1970s. We collected resources through blueprints, visitations of buildings, and interviews by phone, For this study and research, we selected total 66 churches. Based upon the existing theories, we categorized the plane of worship space, its axis, the arrangement of attendant seats, the location of the choir, and the pattern of a cross section of buildings. We also brought the conclusion of specific characteristics given through the analysis according to the time period, the style, and the denomination of megachurches.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.6 s.115
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• pp.87-100
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• 2007

In the Joseon Dynasty, a Court Ladies' full dress was Slanted by the Ming Dynasty. Since the Ming Dynasty had declined, a Court Ladies' full dress, Jeok-ui began to be made by the Joseon Dynasty. It was based on the Chinese Court Ladies' full dress, Desam, but it became Joseon's own style, which was different from the Chinese one. The formula of Jeok-ui was completed in the time of King Yongjo. Since then, Jeok-ui for big ceremonies was called Bub-bok. It was recorded on the Regular rule of Sang-uiwon. The color of Jeok-ui was departmentalized for the wearer; red one for the Queen, bluish black one for the Crown Princess, and purple one for the Queen mother. There were some differences between Jeok-ui for feasts and for big ceremonies. In the case of Jeok-ui for big ceremonies, the pattern of Hyung-bae for the Queen was a dragon with five claws, and for the Crown Princess, a dragon with four claws. On the other hand, in the case of Jeok-ui for feasts, the pattern of Hyung-bae was phoenixes for the Queen, Crown Princess and the Queen mother. The number of embroidered round badges, which were attached to Jeok-ui, was 51 for big ceremonies, and 36 for feasts. The skirt for big ceremonies was a Jeonang-ut-chima with dragons pattern for the Queen, and phoenixes for the Crown Princess. The Queen's skirt for feasts was a Jeonang-ut-chima with phoenixes pattern, and the Queen mother's also. The Crown Princess' was a double skirt with phoenixes pattern. The pearls were not decorated on the shoes for big ceremonies, but shoes for feasts had six big pearls fer decoration. When the royal woman wore Jeok-ui for big ceremonies, it was prepared for Kyu, Pe-ok and belt with jade. But those were not necessary for Jeok-ui for feasts.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.121-134
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the wearing pattern and design preference of shoes for men, and to develop the possibility and strategy of the shoes market for the shoes marketers and manufacturers. In this study, the data obtained from 285 respondents were analyzed by the descriptive statistics. The results from the data were as follows : The most frequent brand among the 45 shoes brand by 285 respondents described in free style was 'Esquire'. The 268 respondents possessed two shoes or more, the most frequent shoes' color was black, and the most preferred brand was 'Kumkang'. The 195 respondents indicated the discomfort of ready-made shoes, The 198 respondents discarded their shoes 'on the reason of worn-out', the 98 respondents indicated that the most important thing in the purchasing point was 'the comfort of shoes' The respondents preferred shoes with 'slip-on type', 'cow leather', 'semi-rounded toe', 'no-metal ornaments', 'moccasin tip', 'leather-sole', and '3cm heel'. Finally, this study proposed that the best strategy for shoes marketers and manufacturers was to upgrade the comfort of shoes by design(line) and the material with functional textures.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of Tai Chi exercise on loneliness, sleep pattern, and instrumental activities of daily living in elderly women. Methods: A quasi-experimental design, a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest was used. Elderly women who agreed to participated in the study were assigned into an experimental group (n=20) or a control group (n=20). The experimental group participated in Tai Chi exercise program (Sun-style 12 forms) for 50 minutes per session, 2 times a week for 8 weeks. Tai Chi exercise program consisted of 10 minutes for warm-up, 35 minutes for main session, and 5 minutes for cooling down. Study outcomes were measured through study questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, t-test and Mann-Whitney test by SPSS WIN 14.0 program. Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significant improvement in loneliness (t=-2.733, p=.009), sleep pattern (t=2.552, p=.015), and instrumental activities of daily living (z=-2.171, p=.030). Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise program may be an effective nursing intervention for elderly women.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.182-199
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• 2015

This research aims to design a new style jacket by developing patterns with dart manipulation, to achieve a tailored jacket which has been familiar to us, but with a more creative design. Tailored jackets has been widely worn both by women and men, and used to create various fashion styles. Generally the classic design with a basic lapel and collar is worn the most, and this shows demonstrates an importance of its design. Giacomo Manzu's work of relief art inspired for a creative design of tailored jackets. As a result of the analysis on the visual properties of the relief sculptures, it was found that an omissions of line for cubic effect and dramatized expression give an illusion effect. Based on the illusion effect shown in the case of a relief design, it was patterned and designed with dart manipulation. Through dart manipulation, the shape of a lapel was designed to meet the rear collar, which corresponds to a background plane, by making it like a sculpture at the front background pattern. Then it was found through dart manipulation could be extensively applied for various designs, as well as used to generate massing. Hopefully this creative pattern and design development would be helpful not only in diversification of consumer's needs, but also in the educational field for pattern and development of the fashion design industry.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to analysis on periodical changes of rural houses of Korean-Chinese people residing in Yanbian area, China focused on periodical changes of floor plans according to Chinese government's policies and regulations influencing on rural houses. Changes of floor plans are classified into four periods; immigrating settled period, 1960-1970s, 1980-1990s, and after 2000. Total number of 67 cases were analyzed that data was collected 48 cases of literature studies and 19 cases of field study in Yanbian, China. The results are as followings. In immigrating settled period, floor plans of the rural houses have tended to be continued the pattern of the Korean traditional rural houses. Nevertheless China was changed socialism system, rarely floor plans were influenced by the system during this period. From 1960s to 1970s, the livestock and rural mechanization are influenced by the "People's Commune" policy. The "Barn" and "Mill" were converted into "warehouse". The residential part consists of one Jeongji (space mixed dinning and kitchen) and one to three of Ondolbang (room). From 1980s to 1990s influenced by the policies of "Cultural Revolution", "Birth Control" and "Chinese Economic Reform", the Korean traditional customs like "elders first" and "distinction between the male and female have been gradually vanished. Meanwhile, spaces of the rural houses have consisted of Jeongji, big Utppang (room), and warehouse. Each space is opened and mutual. Since 2000, influenced by the policy of a "new Socialist Countryside Construction", the bathroom and kitchen are added in interior spaces, the life style in rural houses has been changed as for both the sedentary style and western style.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.101-114
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• 2007

This research aimed to identify the differences, in terms of the pattern, of using wool and jersey for designing jackets and to provide a theorized solution. The object of this study is development of women's tailored jacket pattern by the traits of fabrics with fabrics those are generally used to develop the power of manufacturing technique about fit of jacket. Basic bodies prototype, graphics of sleeves prototype and graphics of jacket pattern those a clothing company at present(on&on, a brand of Beaucre Merchandising Co.,Ltd) is using were used as basics of tailored jacket pattern. Three kinds of fabric(wool, polyester, jersey) were chosen, we made jackets in the same manufacturing process of the clothing company, modified and made up for the weak points and then we compared and analyzed differences of pattern by the traits of fabrics, the results are as follows: 1) We drafted basic tailored style jacket pattern, made a jacket with wool fabric, made wearing experiment, modified and made up for the weak points by the trend, then developed JacketⅠ for study; 2) With JacketⅠ for study as the basic, we made a jacket with polyester fabric, made wearing experiment, modified and made up for the weak points, then developed Jacket II for study; 3) With JacketⅠ for study as the basic, we made a jacket with jersey fabric, made wearing experiment, modified and made up for the weak points, then developed Jacket III for study; 4) We presented final degree of polymerization of pattern with Jacket I II III for study; 5) We compared and analyzed the differences of pattern with the degree of polymerization of pattern with Jacket I(Wool) for study and Jacket II(Polyester), there was no change of size overall except extra amount which happens because of the trait of the fabric in 20 items of body format pattern, there were differences of size in 3 items(height of a sleeve, width of a sleeve, length of a sleeve) among 5 items of sleeves pattern; 6) We compared and analyzed the differences of pattern with the degree of polymerization of pattern with Jacket I(Wool) for study and Jacket III(Jersey) for study, there were differences of size by the kinds of fabric in 11 items(neck point to shoulder point length, Bishoulder point length, back interscye length, front interscye length, armhole circumference, depth of armhole, chest circumference, bust circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist dart) among 20 items of body format pattern, there were differences of size by the kinds of fabric in 5 items(height of a sleeve, circumference of a sleeve, width of a sleeve, length of a sleeve, width of bottom of a sleeve) among 5 items of sleeves pattern.