• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.465-479
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to explains consumers' medical discourse embedded in the consumption of oriental medicine and health functional foods. Despite the fact that both of oriental medicine and western medicine is legally accepted, people tend to recognize that accurate diagnosis is possible only in the latter. As the discourse that oriental medicine, compared with western medicine, has an auxiliary position is widely spreaded, the rivalry between herbal medicine and health functional foods come to be formed. And it led to a close correlation between the decrease of herbal medicine consumption and the growth of health supplement market. Herbal medicine is compared to red ginseng, one of the representative health supplement. Negative notion such as using an Asian herb from China and side effect of hepatotoxicity influences herbal medicine consumption. This study argues two conclusion. First, the correlation between the consumption of herbal medicine and that of health functional foods results from the discourse of scientific reconstruction, standardization, and commercialization all of which come from globalization discourse. Second, medical discourse embedded in these commodity, in the end, has impact on agricultural production.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1975

As a basic study to elucidate nutritional physiology and composition of synthetic medium of red rotting bacteria, Erwinia carotovora, of ginseng, the effects of hydrogen ion concentration, various kinds of carbon sources, nitrogen source, micrometallic salts and it's concentration on the gorwth of the bacteria were investigated and the results were as follows. Optimal pH in the basal medium for the growth of the bacteria was 6.5. After incubation the pH in culture media was neutralized. Among the various kinds of carbon sources, sucrose, glucose mannitol, but organic acids were not utilized effectively as nutrients. After incubation the pH turned acidic. Alanine as organic nitrogen sources nad ammonium sulfate as inorganic nitrogen promoted the growth, but L-valine and sodium nitrite were the least effective. Ferric chloride 1.0mg/dl and ferrous sulfate 100mg/dl were the most effective as micrometallic sources. Control and boric acid were the least effective. New synthetic medium based on the above results was follows ; Alanine 1.0g, $KH_2PO_4$ 1.0g, sucrose 30.0g, $MgSo_4$ $7H_2$O 0.5g, $FeCl_36H_2$O 1.0mg thiamine 200.gamma.g, and distilled water 1000ml, pH6.5.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.512-517
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• 2020

Cordyceps militaris has been reported to the diverse pharmaceutical effects including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and bacteria or virus infection. However, the effect of C. militaris on exercise performance has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effect of C. militaris on exercise performance. To evaluate exercise performance, we prepared C. militaris ethyl acetate extract (CMEE) and conducted grip strength tests every week after administration. Additionally, blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment for biochemical analysis. The administration of CMEE slightly increased grip strength, and this result was similar to the red ginseng treated group. According to the result of biochemical analysis, CMEE had an effect on the biomarkers related to ATP generation pathway but had little influence on the muscle fatigue related biomarkers. Therefore, C. militaris has the possibility of improving exercise performance, which could be associated with the increase in ATP production rather than the decrease in muscle fatigue during exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 1984

In order to improve the physical properties on moisture sorption of spray dried red ginseng extract powder (SD-RGEP), the various additives and coating agents were treated, and solubility, sedimentation rate and storage stability of RGEPs treated were investigated. For the moisture-proofing, additive itself was effective in the order casein>dextrin>starch>avicell, but RGEPs treated with additives were effective in the order cord oil+tween-40>starch>casein. But there was no significant difference between RGEP treated less than 1% additive and the moisture-proofing. The coating effect of AEA and CAP on RGEP could not be recognized for the moisture-proofing, whereas that of HPC, corn oil, lecithin and HPC+corn oil was proved to be very effective for the moisture-proofing of RGEP. Also it is required to control the initial moisture content of RGEP. The sedimentation rate of RGEP nontreated was 65.1 seconds, whereas that of RGEPs coated with 1% HPC, 1% corn oil, 1% lecithin and 1% HPC+0.5% corn oil was in the range of 96.2 to 114.3 seconds. The sedimentation rate of RGEPs coated was 1.5 to 1.8 times higher than that of RGEP nontreated, and there was significant difference between solubility and sedimentation rate. Therefore it was no matter for the keeping quality. The sorption rates of RGEPs coated with lecithin $(0.5{\sim}1.0%$), corn oil(0.8%) and cellulose acetate (0.8%) were ranged 54 to 56%, 51 to 55% and 52 to 54%, respectively, and it is found that the moisture-proofing effect of RGEPs coated was about 2 times higher than that of RGEP nontreated. From the result of storage experiment during 3 months under the maltreated condition of $48{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 75% RH, the moisture sorption of RGEPs coated with corn oil$(0.5{\sim}1.0%$), cellulose acetate(DES, $0.5{\sim}0.8%$) and lecithin (DES, 1.0%) was not at all observed. Therefore it is considered that the circulating period of RGEPs coated with these coating agents could to give more than 3 years.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Experimental induction of polycystic ovary (PCO) resembling some aspects of human PCO syndrome was produced using the long-acting compound estradiol valerate (EV). Our previous study on the role of Korean red ginseng total saponins (GTS) in a steroid-induced PCO rat model demonstrated that electro-acupuncture modulates nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration in the ovaries. In fact, the involvement of a neurogenic component in the pathology of PCO-related ovarian dysfunction is preceded by an increase in sympathetic outflow to the ovaries. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that therapeutic GTS administration modulates sympathetic nerve activity in rats with PCO. This was done by analyzing NGF protein and NGF mRNA expression involved in the pathophysiological process underlying steroid-induced PCO. EV injection resulted in significantly higher ovarian NGF mRNA expression in PCO rats compared to control rats, and PCO ovaries were counteracted by GTS administration with significantly lower expression of NGF mRNA compared to EV treated ovaries. However, NGF protein was unaffected in both EV and GTS treated ovaries compared to control rats. These results indicate that EV modulates the neurotrophic state of the ovaries, which may be a component of the pathological process by which EV induces cyst formation and anovulation in rodents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1179-1186
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of saengmaec-san on the level of blood glucose and serum components in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The experimental groups were divided into normal group (normal), diabetic control group (Dia-control), 10% saengmaec-san (white ginseng) group (DA), 10% saengmaec-san (fermented white ginseng) group (DB), 10% saengmaec-san (fermented red ginseng) group (DC), 5% saengmaec-san (extruded and fermented white ginseng) group (DDL), 10% saengmaec-san (extruded and fermented white ginseng) group (DDH). The body weight after induction of diabetes was 85.4% in the Dia-control group compared with the normal group. But in the DA group, the body weight showed clear sign of recovery almost normal level after administration of saengmaec-san for two weeks. The food efficiency ratios (FER) were 5.94% in the normal group. But it was significantly decreased in the Dia-control group (0.58%). All the treatment groups showed increase of FER compared with the Dia-control group. The level of blood glucose was significantly increased in the STZ-induced diabetes groups but it was decreased in all the treatment groups after administration for 2 weeks. Serum creatinine level were significantly higher in the STZ-induced diabetes groups and after administration of saengmaeg-san for 2 weeks while the level of serum creatinine was decreased 33.3% in the DB group. After administration of saengmaec-san for two weeks, serum total cholesterol level were significantly lower in all treatment groups than the first day of the total cholesterol level. The level of serum triglyceride was increased in all the treatment groups compared with the first day of triglyceride level. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol, after STZ-induced diabetes, was decreased in all treatment groups but particularly in the DDL and DDH groups increased HDL-cholesterol level compared with the first day of the saengmaec-san administration. Compared with the beginning of experiment, Atherogenic index (AI) were significantly decreased in all treatment groups than the Dia-control group and showed clear sign of recovery almost normal level. These results suggested that the saengmaec-san could be developed as an antidiabetic agent.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.314-318
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• 1981

In order to improve the storage stability of spray and freeze dried red ginseng extract powder packed in a bottle, the water vapor permeability of Al-foil laminate paper used for cap closure and shelf life of those products on various storage temperatures and relative humidities were investigated. The thickness of the laminate paper was $93{\pm}3\:{\mu}m$ and its physical properties were equal to standard of ASTM (B-377-66) The absorption rate of the freeze dried powder was 2-6 times greater than that of the spray dried powder at $37^{\circ}C$. Therefore it was considered that the laminate could be used for cap closures for the spray dried powder but unsuitable for the freeze dried powder. The shelf life of the spray dried powder was longer than that of the freeze-dried powder at $37^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.678-682
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• 2007

Effects of medicinal herbs on the improvement of muscular strength along with the related fatigue factors were evaluated in SD rats. Nine types of treatment groups were fed diets supplemented with 1% herb hot-water extracts (Liriope spicata (LS), Schizandra chinensis (SC), Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (AS), Saliconia herbacea (SH), Eucommia ulmoides (EU), Lycium chinensis (LC), Panax ginseng (red ginseng) (PG), Polygonum multifloum (PM), Glycyrrhizae uralensis (GU)) for 4 weeks. The muscular strength of all groups were measured weekly for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks serum was collected and liver dissected out for the analysis of glycogen and fatigue factors. The liver glycogen contents of all treatment groups ($21.0{\sim}25.9mg/g$) were higher than that of control group (18.1 mg/g). A significantly increase of muscular strength in the fourth week were found in the AS (282.5 gf), SH (277.4 gf), PG (287.2 gf) groups (p<0.05). LS (7.88 mg/dL), SC (7.85 mg/dL), AS (7.64 mg/dL), EU (7.54 mg/dL), LC (7.81 mg/dL) and PG (7.75 mg/dL) groups were significantly reduced in serum inorganic phosphorus concentration measured after 4 weeks (p<0.05). Serum lactate levels of treatment groups ($8.61{\sim}12.18{\mu}g/dL$) were significantly lower than that of control group ($17.45{\mu}g/dL$). These results suggest that medicinal herbs enhanced muscular strength of rats by delaying accumulation of muscular fatigue factor.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.60-67
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• 2000

This study was conducted to elucidate extraction efficiency by microwave in comparison with Soxhlet for extraction of pesticide residues in dried medical herbs; red-ginseng, white-ginseng, Bupleuri Radix, Angelica gigas Nakai, Rehmannia glutinosa. The acetone extraction by microwave of tolclofos-methyl and quintozene in medical herbs was efficient. The extraction efficiency by microwave with power 45 to 150 watts, extraction time 1 to 5 minutes and solvent volume 30 ml was compared with that of Soxhlet with extraction time 7 hours and solvent volume 150 ml. The extraction efficiency by microwave with extraction time 3 to 5 minutes was similar with extraction time of 7 hours by Soxhlet. When medical herbs spiked with tolclofos-methyl and quintozene was analyzed to how the extraction efficiency of microwave by kind of medical herbs, the extraction efficiency by microwave with extraction time of 3 to 5 minutes was the same as Soxhlet extraction. The optimal condition for extraction of tolclofos-methyl and quintozene in medical herbs by microwave was 45 to 90 watts of power supply, 3 to 5 minutes of extraction time and acetone 30 ml of solvent volume.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2020

Objectives In this study, we analyzed the effect of Dioscoreae Rhizoma on exercise practice ability and blood fatigue variable factor in the forced swimming test. Methods Male mice were divided into four group. Mice were administrated with saline, Discorae Rhizoma extracted by water (DRW), Discorae Rhizoma extracted by 30% ethanol (DRE), red ginseng (RG), orally once per day, for 1 week. Exercise performance was evaluated by exhaustive swimming time and weights. Glycogen contents of liver and soleus muscle were measured at the end of the experiment. In addition, the biochemical parameters such as asparate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen, creatine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ammonia, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acid (FFA) were analyzed. Results Both DRW and DRE showed an improvement of swimming endurance compared with control group. Levels of ALT, ammonia, TG, TC and FFA were significantly decreased in both DRW and DRE compared with control group. Levels of AST, Creatine were significantly reduced in DRE group compared with control group. Moreover LDH showed only a tendency to increase in the DRW and DRE groups. Conclusions In summary, the present study showed that Dioscoreae Rhizoma improved in physical fatigue and exercise practice ability and DRE improved the superior than those of DRW.