• 대한가정학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.97-120
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• 1993

This study is designed to understand marital relationships of the rural couples in Korea. The primary purposes of this study are to examine the relationship between marital satisfaction and role evaluation of the spouse and to construct a path model in which shows the relationships among background variables, role evaluation of the spouse and marital satisfaction. Structured guestionnaires from 435 couples with school-age children and teenagers living in rural area are analyzed in this study. The major findings are as follows : 1. Factor analysis of the role evaluation of the spouse results I 4 factors for both husbands and wives; emotional support-sexual role child socialization-economic role, kinship role and housekeeping role. 2. The most important factor influencing the marital satisfaction is the role evaluation of the spouse o emotional support-sexual relation. While the number of children, and role evaluations of the spouse influence directly on the marital satisfaction of the wives, age, level of education, level of income and husband's occupation influence indirectly through role evaluations of the spouse on that of wives. 3. For husbands, family life cycle and their occupation influence indirectly on the marital satisfaction of the husbands and the marital satisfaction of them is also mediated by role evaluations of the wieves. Level of income of the family not only influences directly on marital satisfaction but influences on it indirectly. 4. Marital satisfaction is mediated by role evaluations of the spouse. The role evaluation of the spouse on emotional support-sexual relation has the most powerful effect on the marital satisfaction for both wives and husbands. About 60 percent of the variance in the marital satisfaction of rural couples can be explained by the role evaluation of the spouse. therefore, the result of the result of the study indicates that the role evaluation of the spouse on emotional support-sexual relation plays a significant part in determining the marital satisfaction of rural couples.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2016

2015년 실시한 국민구강실태조사에 따르면 우리나라 만 12세 아동들의 우식경험영구치지수(DMFT index)는 1.9로 주요 OECD 국가들의 평균인 1.6에 거의 근접한 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 인접면 우식증의 진단에 있어 새로 개발된 $Qraypen^{TM}$의 효능을 기존의 방법인 시진 및 구내 치근단 방사선 사진과 비교 평가하고, 임상 적용 시의 문제점을 파악하여 차후 $Qraypen^{TM}$에 필요한 개선안을 제시함과 아울러 치아우식증의 예방 및 초기 우식증 재광화 방법에 대한 기초 연구자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 학교 구강검진을 목적으로 내원한 학령기의 혼합치열을 가진 32명의 어린이들을 대상으로 구강검진 2회, 구치부 치근단 방사선 필름 판독 2회 그리고 구치부 인접면 $Qraypen^{TM}$ 이미지 판독 2회를 실시하고 비교한 결과 $Qraypen^{TM}$ 영상은 변연융선이 파괴되지 않은 유구치의 인접면 우식증의 탐지에 효과적이었다. 또한 방사선 촬영 결과와 비교해 보니 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 그러나 인접면 우식증이 상아질까지 진행되어 병소가 성숙하여야 뚜렷한 붉은색 형광을 관찰할 수 있었기에 우식 병소의 진행 정도와 붉은색 형광 발생의 관련성을 확인하기 위해서는 향후 발치된 치아를 사용하여 조직학적 검사를 병행한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구 결과 $Qraypen^{TM}$은 유구치의 육안으로 보이지 않은 인접면 우식증을 탐지하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있는 유용하고 간편한 보조장비가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.504-509
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• 2006

소아치과는 소아와 청소년의 구강상태에 대하여 보존, 교정, 치주, 외과치료 등 다방면의 치료를 복합적으로 시행한다는 점에서 타분야와 구분된다. 초창기의 소아치과학은 유치와 영구치의 우식의 치료, 발치 등에 국한되었으나, 최근에는 교정, 소 수술, 심미, 예방치료 등으로 진료의 범주가 확대되고 있다 2005년 11월 현재 소아와 청소년을 대상으로 하는 개인치과에서 근무하는 치과의사 50명을 대상으로 설문지를 발송하고 회송된 설문지 21매를 토대로 진료현황을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 일주일 간 평균적으로 진료하는 환자의 수는 82.4명이었고, 각 환자당 평균적으로 치료받는 치아의 수는 2.35개였다. 2, 전체 치료 중 예방치료가 15.7%, 수복치료가 55.7%, 치수치료가 15.6%, 외과치료가 10.5%, 교정치료가 2.4%를 차지하였다. 3. 수복치료 중 아말감이 3.8%, 글래스 아이오노머가 5.5%, 복합레진이 63.0%, 스테인레스 기성금관이 277%를 차지하였다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.499-509
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• 2015

Efforts to have children consume milk continue across the world for the sufficient supply of calcium and protein. This study examines the frequency and amount of dairy milk and the recognition, acceptability, and knowledge of milk and dairy products by considering fifth- and sixth-graders in Hwaseong, Korea. The acceptability of milk and dairy products measured based on a five-point Likert-type scale was assessed to determine its correlations with breakfast frequency, the frequency of milk intake, and milk knowledge. According to descriptive statistics, 47% and 53% of the subjects were fifth- and sixth-graders, respectively, 53% and 47% were male and female, respectively, 45.3% and 51.2% had mothers in their thirties and forties, respectively, and 57% had working mothers. Breakfast frequency was 5.2 and 5.3 times per week, and milk and dairy intake was 4.6 times. The milk knowledge score was 5.3 out of 10 points. The average daily intake of milk was a cup (55.1%), and a vast majority preferred white milk (68.6%). Ice cream bar type (4.49 points) and cone type (4.48 points) showed the highest acceptability, and breakfast frequency was positively correlated with white milk and cheddar cheese (p<0.01). Daily milk intake frequency was positively correlated with white milk and fortified milk. Milk knowledge was positively correlation with white milk, fortified milk, functional yogurt (p <0.05), fermented milk, and cheese (p<0.01). The higher the breakfast frequency, the more likely the intake of white milk (p<0.01). An increase in milk intake increased milk knowledge (p<0.05). The higher the level of knowledge, the more likely the intake of fortified milk and the frequency of milk intake. These results suggest that school lunch milk may increase awareness and milk intake through continuing education in milk knowledge. High acceptability scores for white milk, fortified milk, and fermented milk indicate their suitability for school milk consumption.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2015

To revise the clinical guideline for childhood urinary tract infections (UTIs) of the Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology (2007), the recently updated guidelines and new data were reviewed. The major revisions are as follows. In diagnosis, the criterion for a positive culture of the catheterized or suprapubic aspirated urine is reduced to 50,000 colony forming uits (CFUs)/mL from 100,000 CFU/mL. Diagnosis is more confirmatory if the urinalysis is abnormal. In treating febrile UTI and pyelonephritis, oral antibiotics is considered to be as effective as parenteral antibiotics. In urologic imaging studies, the traditional aggressive approach to find primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scar is shifted to the targeted restrictive approach. A voiding cystourethrography is not routinely recommended and is indicated only in atypical or complex clinical conditions, abnormal ultrasonography and recurrent UTIs. $^{99m}Tc$-DMSA renal scan is valuable in diagnosing pyelonephritis in children with negative culture or normal RBUS. Although it is not routinely recommended, normal scan can safely avoid VCUG. In prevention, a more natural approach is preferred. Antimicrobial prophylaxis is not supported any more even in children with VUR. Topical steroid (2-4 weeks) to non-retractile physiologic phimosis or labial adhesion is a reasonable first-line treatment. Urogenital hygiene is important and must be adequately performed. Breast milk, probiotics and cranberries are dietary factors to prevent UTIs. Voiding dysfunction and constipation should be properly treated and prevented by initiating toilet training at an appropriate age (18-24 months). The follow-up urine test on subsequent unexplained febrile illness is strongly recommended. Changes of this revision is not exclusive and appropriate variation still may be accepted.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.67-84
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• 2003

Immunization has been one of the most effective measures preventing from infectious diseases. However, children routine vaccination rate of Korea was 68.2% and it was not higher than expected. Korean government revised the School Health Law for every primary school children to submit the vaccination certificate record from 2005. It is quite important national Infectious disease prevention policy to keep the immunizations rate high and monitor the immunizations rate continuously. To do this, National Institute of Health introduced the National Immunization Registry(NIR) Program at 2000. Objective : The aims of this study was to evaluate the Immunization Registry program which has been implementing since 2000 at the Public Health Centers(PHC). Methods : The mail survey was done from November 2001 to January 2002. 169 (69%) Public Health Centers among 244 PHC were responded. Results : The respondents of PHC sud the Immunization Registry(IR) program had reduced the workload (18.5%). 69.2% said they inputted the immunization data into the IR program after the shots were given. 86.5% said they hadn´t checked or retrieved the children lists who had missed the scheduled immunization. Only 17.2% said the speed of internet for the R program was good. It showed that 20% of respondents hadn´t written down documents, records on immunization any more. Even there were a lot of negative results, the respondents of PHC thought that the IR program was effective. They especially agreed that the IR program could make the job accurate (81.5%), convenient (71.3%), and reduced the chances of making mistakes (71.3%), increase the service quality (78.5%). And they were well adapting the job process of the IR (79.63%). Bivariate analysis showed that the software program was the important determinants of IR success. The only Bit Computer software program has been evaluated to be less satisfactory than the Integrated (Posdata operating system + Bit software) program. Other variables, such as age, duration of present job, and location of PHC (metropolitan, small city, rural area) were not significantly related. Conclusion : It seemed that the success of NIR might depend on the software program. Because Integrated program, which has been developed from 1994, include not only the general operating and management program for PHC but also IR program. It was natural to prefer Integrated program to Bit software program. So we can suggest that it is essential for the NIR to be successful that not only the immunization software program but also hardware equipments and public health information system should be further improved.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.124-143
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• 2000

본 연구는 학교폭력의 피해자를 대상으로 정신병리에 대한 특성을 알아내고, 조기 정신병과의 관계를 규명함을 기본 목적으로 시행되었다. 더 나아가서는 조기정신병의 발견과 아울러, 조기 치료를 시행함으로써 심각한 정신병의 예방을 도모하고자 하였다. 서울시 전 구역 중 16개 중학교를 선정하여 중학교 1, 2학년 남 ${\cdot}$ 녀 학생에게 간이정신진단검사, 피어스-해리스 자아상 검사의 인기도와 학교 적응 소척도, 저자들이 개발한 따돌림 척도를 배포하여 따돌림을 당하는 정도의 점수가 평균보다 통계적으로 유의하게 차이가 나는 대상을 선정하고, 이들 중에서 스스로 인기가 없다고 여기면서 정신병적 증상이 유의하게 높게 보고된 대상을 선정하여'정신병의 전구기에 있는 군'으로 판정하여, 이들의 대상의 수를 계산하여 위험도를 산출하고, 정신병 전구기에 있다고 판단되는 대상의 임상적 특성을 상관 분석 및 회귀 분석을 통해 정신병적 증상과 관련된 임상적 척도들을 파악하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 따돌림 척도에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 점수를 받은 군은 총 157명(5.3%)이었고, 그 중에서 47명(29.9%)이 간이정신진단검사의 정신병적 증상 수치가 유의하게 높았다. 따돌림 척도에서 높지 않은 점수를 보인 2,135명 중 정신병적 증상이 높은 군은 50명이어서, 따돌림 척도에서 높게 나온 군의 정신병적 증상이 높게 나올 위험도(odds ratio)는 17.8이었다. 이는 통계적으로 유의한 수치였다(${\chi}^2$=274.8, df=1, p<0.05). 즉 따돌림을 당한다고 호소한 집단은 정신병적 증상이 유의하게 높았고, 이를 통해 왕따 피해자는 정신병 발병 위험이 통계적으로 유의하게 높다고 할 수 있었다. 2) 자신은 남들에게 인기도 없고, 따돌림을 당한다고 여기며 정신병적 증상을 가진 군(47명, 남자 31명, 여자 16명)은 단순히 정신병적 증상이 높은 군에 비해 불안 척도, 우울증 척도, 공격성, 대인 민감성, 학교 및 사회 적응 척도, 강박증상 척도, 공포불안 척도, 정신병적 증상, 신체적 증상 호소 등에서는 차이를 보이지 않았으나 자신이 따돌림을 받는다는 호소와 편집증은 더 높게 측정되었다. 그리고, 학교폭력 피해자 중에서 정신병적 증상이 유의하게 높게 측정되었고, 스스로 인기가 없다고 생각하는 대상들에서는, 불안 증상, 우울증, 공격성, 대인 예민성, 강박증상, 편집증, 신체 증상 호소 등이 정신병적 증상을 잘 설명해주었다 ($r^2$=0.93). 즉, 따돌림을 당한다고 호소한 집단은 정신병적 증상이 유의하게 높았고, 이를 통해 왕따 피해자는 정신병 발병 위험이 통계적으로 유의하게 높다고 할 수 있었다. 이를 통해서 따돌림과 같은 학교폭력 피해자가 불안증상, 우울증, 공격성, 대인 예민성, 강박증상, 편집증, 신체 증상 호소와 같은 문제를 보였을 경우에는 정신병적 증상 유무와 학교 적응, 집중력 장애, 사고개념 형성 장애 등을 확인하여 정신병의 진단을 고려해야 한다고 할 수 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권9호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2015

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare syndrome characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation. Other characteristics include a peculiar facial gestalt, short stature, skeletal and visceral abnormalities, cardiac anomalies, and immunological defects. Whole exome sequencing has uncovered the genetic basis of KS. Prior to 2013, there was no molecular genetic information about KS in Korean patients. More recently, direct Sanger sequencing and exome sequencing revealed KMT2D variants in 11 Korean patients and a KDM6A variant in one Korean patient. The high detection rate of KMT2D and KDM6A mutations (92.3%) is expected owing to the strict criteria used to establish a clinical diagnosis. Increased awareness and understanding of KS among clinicians is important for diagnosis and management of KS and for primary care of KS patients. Because mutation detection rates rely on the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis and the inclusion or exclusion of atypical cases, recognition of KS will facilitate the identification of novel mutations. A brief review of KS is provided, highlighting the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with KS.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the trends and contents of intervention towards children using meta analysis, to support the basis for using in the field and research method about nursing intervention. We used 27 materials which was reported from 1970 to August, 1999 : dissertation study and Korean Nurses' Academic society Journals, the Journal of Korean Academic society of Adult Nursing, The Korea Journal of Maternal and Child Health Nursing. The types of intervention we used came from 3 different researchers. Snyder showed cognitive, movement, social sensory intervention. McCloskey & Bulechek categorized as the following : self-care assistance, acute care management, life-style alteration, health promotion, life support intervention, Craft & Denehy classified psychosocial intervention and biophysiological intervention. Some findings are summarized as follow : Out of the 27 researches sensory intervention had the most in there thesis, recently cognitive intervention research has a tendency to increase. 18 researches has acute care management in there theses, and health promotion was found the least. Out of the 27 thesis 15 thesis was classified as biophysiological intervention and 12 had psychosocial. 27 thesis had 11 types of interventions which originally was categorized by Snyder, therefore sensory intervention thesis had the most. 11 types of intervention which originally was classified by McClosky & Bulechek, teaching and information had the most out of acute care management. Out of 27 thesis, 14 had dealt with newborns, especially newborns with sensory intervention. Therefore school age and above had cognitive intervention which was used for teaching and information. Infants, preschool, schoolage children received acute care management the most, health promotion intervention was used towards adolescences. Depending on the characteristics of dependent variables, it was analysed using meta however 17 thesis are possible except primary experimental research. Mean effect size comparison by Snyder classification, cognitive intervention was the largest mean(1.51), sensory intervention was larger(0.71) also, movement intervention was in the middle(0.56) as shown. Comparison done by McClosky & Bulechek, the intervention leading to life style alteration was the largest mean(1.97), teaching was used the most. Comparison by Craft & Denehy classification, psychosocial intervention was larger(1.15) than biophysiological intervention (0.67). The result of nursing intervention through age classification, the largest weighted mean effect size in the research was towards infants and neonates. The research which was focused on nursing intervention, has important meaning in nursing practice and knowledge development. When we know that children's nursing intervention is necessary and overcome our biased view, efficiency of children's nursing intervention are increased and professionalized. Therefore results will be important basic data to guide a development of child nursing intervention & classification.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether paid work time desynchronization affected housework time desynchronization. Time slot data from the Korean Time Use Survey data from 2014 was analyzed. This study included 1,475 married couples aged 20 to 59. They were dual-earner couples, heterosexual couples, and both partners worked during the day, either durong the week or on the weekend. The data was analyzed by the following four groups: weekday-husband, weekday-wife, and weekend-husband, weekend-wife. The results demonstrated that as the desynchronization of paid work increased, the desynchronization of time spent on housework in the weekday-husband and weekend-husband groups also increased. Second, the amount of leisure time did not affect the desynchronization of time spent on housework. Lastly, the amount of time that one person spent on housework increased the housework time desynchronization level. In addition, if the family had children who attended primary, middle, or high school-mothers in the weekday-wife group completed more housework. These results demonstrated that paid work time desynchronization might be a way to decrease the amount of time that dual-earner wives' spent housework.