• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 1993

Various scales of red tides have frequently occurred in the southern coastal waters of the Korean Penninsula since the late 1970's. Because most shellfish and finfish farms in Korea are located in the southern coastal waters, the impacts of red tides on the aquaculture have been increasing significantly. The Puksin Bay is one of the places where red tides have occurred almost every year since the early 1980's. During $1990\~1991$, mass mortalities of aquacultural species by the red tides were recorded. The causative organisms in this period were Leplocylindrus danicu(November '90 and June '91), Skeletonema costatum(December '90 and August '91), Nitzschia seriata(August '91), and Gymnodinium splendens(July '91). The maximum chlorophyll-a content was $265.7{\mu}g/l$ in the tides. Frequent red tides are associated with the eutropication of the bay. Some relationships between red tides' occurrence and europhication are herein discussed.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.49-156
• /
• 2016

Fourteen new species and A. coreana Morimoto, 1970 of Allobathynella Morimoto and Miura, 1957 are (re-)described and illustrated from the Korean Penninsula. Comparison of the external morphology of these species and two previously known species, A. japonica Morimoto and Miura, 1957 and A. shinjongieei Park and Cho, 2008 enables us to amend the generic diagnosis. A 7-segmented antennule turns out to be inconsistent character due to A. wonjuensis sp. nov., which has a 6-segmented antennule. On the other hand, the exopodal distal segment of thoracopods I-VII with a tiny terminal knob and with outer seta covered by long and strong barbs is proved to be a autapomorphic character of the genus. The 14 new species belong to the mirabilis-group and display more or less similar morphology. However, they differ from A. coreana, A. japonica and A. shinjongieei and from each other not only in quantitative but also in qualitative characters. These differences are summarized in tables. The species inhabit hyporheic zones of rivers and each appears to be highly endemic to a given tributary, having a range limit less than 100 km.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.123-142
• /
• 1994

This paper is a part of "A Case Study on The Dwellings and Settlement of Korean Immigrants to North-Eastern Province of China". Among various subjects from the study, this paper covers with the spaces and life style in the dwellings of Korean Immigrants. The purpose of this paper is to discribe how their dwelling culture has been moved and changed to a new environment. One rural village of Korean Immigrants named "Ch'ang-ts'ai" in Yen-pien Province was selected where we investigated more than 110 households. From the formal interview, I collect the data on the family structure, family economic state, dwelling spaces and its use, and dwelling facillities and furniture. From informal interview with key informants, I analyze how they have changed their dwelling spaces and life style since they moved here. Based on the analysis of the data, I conclude that major features of their dwelling and life style has been moved from Korean penninsula, specially from 'Hamkyong' Province where their ancestor has lived. This features are summarized as follows: a. Dwelling spaces and its functions are simillar to typical dwelling type of Hamkyong Province. b. They use "Chong-ji" for both a cooking space and a major living space. c. They have a life style of sitting on the floor. d. Bedrooms are differentiated with male and female. e. Most of their dwelling facillities and furniture arc different from those of Chinese in the same province. Since they immigrated, there has been some social changes which could influence on making their dwelling culture. But they have preserved their cultural identity on their dwellings and life style. So I suggest that the dwelling culture of a society would be seldom changed by immigration, as long as they will be given similar conditions such as the independent ethnic community, the same ecosystem, and economical autonomy.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.195-216
• /
• 2002

The flora of Ulleung island was summarized as 975 taxa with 122 families, 465 genus, 762 species, 5 sub-species, 178 varieties, 21 forms, and 9 hybrids. This extent of plant diversity of the island ecosystem was modified from the field surveys by the authors adding the number of 627 taxa; 109 families, 355 genus, 526 species, 2 sub-species, 89 varieties and 10 forms, and Considering the aspects of geographical distribution of the island, the flora showed much closer to the Korean penninsula than that of the Japanese Archipelago. An action plan including intensive conservation and management both for habitat and plant to conserve the island ecosystem should be prepared. The naturalized plants is expanding gradually due to the increase of the tourist. The Ulleung island ecosystem should be conserved as the Protected Area, which is enlarged habitat compared with the present legal conservation actions.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.131-140
• /
• 2002

The bryophyte communities on the forest floor of the mixed coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved forest of cool temperate zone on Deongnyusan(1,616m) south-eastern part of the Korean Penninsula were investigated from the phytosociological viewpoint. As a result, a bryophyte community was recognized, considering the phytosociological unit of the forest: Sasamorpha borealis-Abies koreana / Hylocomiopsis ovicarpa-Thamnoblyum alopecurum community. This community was interpreted as a counterpart one of the Sasamorpha borealis-Abies koreana / Dicranum scoparium-Plagiothecium silvaticum community in the Jiri Mountains, but between the two communities, the species composition was somewhat different. The bryophyte community on the forest floor on Deongnyusan was confirmed as a synusie belonging to the Fraxino-Abietetum koreanae Song 1988. Up to date many investigators have described the coniferous forest distributed above 1,400m on Deongnysan as the forest vegetation of subarctic(=subalpine) zone. However, from the results of the present study, the forest vegetation, a mixed forest, was elucidated to be one of cool temperate zone. Species diversity of the terri-colous bryophyte community on Deongnyusan was very close to that of the communities of the similar type in the Jiri Mountains. The taxa of the bryophyte community was composed of 19 families,25 genera and 38 species.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.63-75
• /
• 2018

The lower marine terrace 1 and 2 surfaces distributed between Ulsan and Pohang coast in the southeastern coast of the Korean penninsula have been correlated with MIS 5e and 5a (or 5c) by amino acid dates, 14C dates, wide-spread tephra correlation and pollen analysis respectively. In this study, to test the reliability of the OSL method for the estimation of the numerical burial age of marine sediment deposits, we analyzed the samples from the marine terraces which have been known as typical marine terraces formed during MIS 5e and MIS 5a in the above-mentioned coast. The burial ages of the marine deposit of the lower marine terrace 1 and 2, with paleoshoreline altitudes of 18m to 19m and 10m to 11m respectively, both showed about the same age of 60 ka BP. The lower marine terraces 1 and 2, however, were divided into two terrace surfaces by a clear terrace cliff. Besides, the OSL dates of the lower and upper parts of the lower marine terrace 2 of the Bonggil coast showed the reversed burial ages. In the lower marine terrace 1 of the Sanhari coast, almost the same burial ages were derived from both the lower part (marine rounded gravel layer) and the upper part (terrestrial angular gravel layer) of the terrace deposit. Therefore, at the present time, judging from only the OSL dates measured in this study, it could be argued that the OSL method is not the best for the estimation of forming periods of the lower marine terraces 1 and 2 and their classification.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.107-117
• /
• 1977

The Charyong batholith extends northeasterly from the west coast to the west of Wonju in the central parts of Korean Penninsula. The batholith is separated by the metamorphic complex into the northern and the southern granites. and is believed to intrude during the Daebo orogeny of early Jurassic to early Cretaceous age. It constitutes a sort of anticlinorium and the metamorphic complex can be regarded as a huge roof pendant. The modal analysis indicates that the Charyong batholith belongs to a series of adamellite-granodiorte-to-nalite. The oxidation property happened during a magmatic segregation reveals that the batholith shows in general orogenic assimilation trend. The granites of early to middle Jurassic age show orogenic assimilation trend, whereas those of late Jurassic to early Cretaceous age post orogenic noassimilation trend. The fracture system of the whole region is two folds: the fractures having attitute of $N25{\sim}40^{\circ}E$ and $70^{\circ}SE$ are regarded as tension fractures, and those of NS, and 50E to vertical and $N50^{\circ}E$ and $80^{\circ}E$ to vertical as shear fractures. All these facts suggest definitely that the Charyong batholith is the syntectonic intrusives during the Daebo orogeny. The mineral deposits in the area studied are gold-silver deposits in majority which was named by O,J.Kim(1970) as the Chonan metallogenic province. They are sulfides baring quartz veins which were emplaced along the tension and shear fractures originated by the Daebo orogeny.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.779-786
• /
• 2008

This study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of current air quality and to examine the monthly and yearly variation of $SO_2,\;O_3,\;CO,\;NO_2$, and fine particulate matter(PM-10) concentration in Seosan for the period of 1998-2006. During the recent 3 years, from 2004 to 2006, the yearly mean concentration of $SO_2,\;NO_2$, and PM-10 remained stability but CO and $O_3$ are gradually decreased. The monthly mean concentration of $NO_2$, CO, and $SO_2$ were high in the winter season and decreased steadily to the summer season, but the maximum concentration of $O_3$ and PM-10 appeared in the springtime. The number of days exceeding 24-hour standards for PM-10 were 54 times at Dokgodri and 25 times at Dongmundong. The number of sampling days exceeding the 1-hour and 8-hour standards for $O_3$ were 68 and 210 times at Dongmundong and at Dokgotri 93 and 213 times, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.447-468
• /
• 1996

The peat layer was deposited on the abandoned channel of incised meander of River Banbyuncheon with 7 meter thickness on Youngyang basin. The late Quaternary environmental change on the study area was discussed based on pollen anaalysis and radiocarbon-dating from this peat. The swamp which was caused to sediment the peat, was produced by which the fan debris from the adjacent slope damed the waterflow on the abandoned channel. The peat layer contains continuous vegetational history from 60,000y.B.P. to Recent. The peat deposit was divided into two layers by the organic thin sand horizon, which was sedimented at one time and made unconformity between the lower decomposed compact peat layers and the upper fresh fiberous peat layer. As the result of the pollen analysis, both peat layers from the two boring sites, Profile YY1 and Profile YY2 were divided into five Pollenzones(Pollenzone I, II, III, IV and V) and 12 Subzones which were mainly corresponded by the AP (Arboreal Pollen)-Dominance. The two profiles have some differences on the sedimentary facies and on the pollen composition as well. Therefore these were in common with the Pollenone III, however the Pollenzone I and II existed only on the Profile YY1 and the Pollenzone IV and V existed only on the Profile YY2. The lower layer containing the Pollenzone I, II and III revealed vegetational records of Pleistocene, which was characterized as tundra-like landscape and thin forested landscapes. It represented the NAP (Non-Arboreal Pollen)-period with a plenty of Artemisia sp., Sanguisorba sp., Umbelliferae, Gramineae and Cyperaceae. However a relatively high proportion of the boreal trees with Picea sp., Pinus sp. and Betula sp. as AP was observed in the lower layer. The upper layer contained the Pollenzone IVb and V and vegetational history in Holocene which was characterized by thick forested landscape with rich tree pollen. It represented AP-period with plenty of Pinus sp. and Quercus sp. as temperate trees. The temperature fluctuation supposed from the vegetational records is as follows; the Pollenzone I(Betula-Dominance, about 57,000y.B.P.) represents relatively cold period. The Pollenzone II(EMW-Domi-nance, 57,000-43,000y.B.P.)represents relatively warm period. This period is supposed to be Interstadial, the transi-tional stage from Alt- to Mittel Wurm. The Pollenzone III(Butula-, Pinus- and Picea-Dominace in turns, 43,000-15,000y.B.P.) reproesents cold period which had been built from Mittel-to Jung Wurm. Especially the Subzone IIId represents the coldest period throughout the Pollenzone III. It is corresponds to Wurm Glacial Maximu. It is supposed that the mean temperature in July of this period was coller about 10${^\circ}$C than present. The Pollenzone IV and V represent the vegetational history of Holocene. Tilia, Quercus and Pinus were dominant in turns during this period. Subzone IVb and Pollenzone I and II at east coastal plain of Korean penninsula reported by JO(1979).

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.403-420
• /
• 1997

Dodaecheon is a small river flowing into Asan Bay which is located in the middle part of the West Coast of the Korean Penninsula. We have investigated the change of depositional environment in Dodaecheon river basin during the middle Holocene. In the course of the research, the methods such as boring, radiocarbon dating, diatom and pollen analysis were employed. The Holocene deposits of the studied area are consisted of peat and gray silt layers, and contain many plooen and diatom fossils. Based on the results of diatom and pollen analysis, we conclude that the gray silt layers were sedimented owing to the transgression in the middle Holocene, and the peat layers by the regression or stabilzation of the sea level. The shoreline in the Post Glacial Age reached to the rivemouth of Dodaecheon at ca. 7,000 years before present(y. BP) and at that time the high tide sea-level(mean high water level of spring tide) rose to ca. 3m above present mean sea-level(m.a.s.l.). Since then to ca. 6,000y. BP, the high tide sea-level arrived to ca. 5m above present mean sea level further repeating minor transgressions and regressions. The peat layers of the coastal lowland of the West Coast were formed by the sea level fluctuations from 7,000 y. BP to 3,000 y. BP, and they were distributed 2 to 6 meters higher than the mean sea level of the present day. Most of them sedimented due to the high tide level are older and higher than those of the East Coast which were formed at the swale in the low tidal range environment.