• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2017

In Korea, oyster mushroom is one of the commonly cultivated mushrooms. In 2013, the cultivation areas and products of oyster mushrooms were 60,039 M/T and 201 ha, respectively. Many species of oyster mushrooms are cultivated in various countries. These include Pleurotus ostreatus, P. florida, P. sajor-caju, P. eryngii, P. citrinopileatus, P. salmoneostramineus and P. cystidiosus. P. citrinopileatus is a yellow oyster mushroom famous for its health benefits such as anti-cancer and anti-oxidant effects. Therefore, a cultivar P. citrinopileatus 'Jangdari' was developed to improve yield and the ability to grow well at lower temperatures. Two parent strains 'Gumbit (KMCC02150)' and 'KMCC02145' were selected based on their morphological characteristics. 'Jangdari' was developed by the method of Mon-Mon crossing between monokaryons derived from 'Gumbit' and 'KMCC02145', and finally selected through continuous cultivation tests. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $30^{\circ}C$. The cultivar could grow well at high temperatures, especially $16{\sim}24^{\circ}C$. Fruiting body production per bottle (850 mL) was about 90.0 g. Stipe length and thickness of 'Jangdari' were similar to those of 'Gumbit'. 'Jangdari' was more resistant to low temperature than 'Gumbit', and thus it could be cultivated with oyster mushrooms (P. ostreatus). In addition, while cultivating 'Jangdari', it is not required to scrape out the upper side of bottle's sawdust medium; hence, its cultivation is expected to save energy and time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.397-399
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• 2003

전세계적으로 연안환경에서의 중금속 오염을 모니터링 하는 데에는 Mussel Watch Program을 중심으로 담치류(mussel)와 굴(oyster) 등이 지표종(indicator species)으로 널리 사용되어 왔다(O'Conner et al.,1994). 그러나 남극에는 이 두종이 서식하고 있지 않으며, 현재까지 연구에 따르면 남극큰띠조개와 남극가리비(Adamussium cozbecki)가 담치류에 상응하는 유용한 생물지표종으로 사용될 수 있다고 알려져 있다(안 등, 1996, 2001 ; SCAR, 1996 ; Nigro et al., 1992). (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.32.2-32
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• 1999

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.407-419
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• 1983

In this study, the lipid components of three species of shellfish included oyster(Crassostrea gigas), top shell(Turbo cornutus) representing salt water shellfish and corb shell(Corbicula fluminea producta) representing flesh water shellfish were analysed and nutriontional significances were discussed. Analysed the total lipid composition, and the fatty acid and sterol composition of total lipid were determined. The lipid was fractionated into three lipid classes neutral, glyco and phospholipid by column chromatography. The fatty acid composition of each lipid class and sterols were determined by gas liquid chromatography. The lipid components of total lipid and neutral lipid were estimated by thin layer chromatography and TLC scanner. The results were as follows: Total lipid contents of shellfish were 1.8% in oyster, 0.4% in top shell and 4.0% in corb shell. The contents of total fatty acid in total lipid were 80.7, 71.2 and 73.2%; and the contents of unsaponifiable matters were 15.4, 18.1 and 23.1% respectively. Total lipids were mainly composed of triglycerides, polar lipid-pigments and sterols as major component, and hydrocarbon-esterified sterols were determined in each sample. The major fatty acids in total lipid were palmitic(37.0%), eicosapentaenoic(13.5%) and linoleic acid(11.2%) in oyster, Octadecatetraenoic(15.8%), palmitic(11.2%), oleic(8.6%) and linoleic acid(8.1%) in top shell, but palmitic(34.0%), linoleic(12.3%) and paimitoleic acid(9.8%) in corb shell. Particularly, the contents of eicosapentaenoic acid of oyster and top shell were higher than those of corb shell. Sterol composition from three species of shellfish were mainly consisted of cholesterol (42.7~64.0%), brassicasterol(15.6~24.7%) and 24-methylenecholesterol (4.7~21.9%). But sitosterol (5.3%) was detected only in oyster and 22-dehydrocholesterol(12.9%) was only in top shell. The contents of fractionated neutral lipid was commonly higher than that of polar lipid in each sample. Glycolipid and phospholipid in polar lipid showed similar in quantity. The neutral lipids were composed of triglycerides(33.0~36.7%), free sterols(25.7~31.2%), esterified sterol(12.4~23.7%) and free fatty acids(5.1~11.7%). The contents of triglycerides and free sterols were higher than those of free fatty acids and esterified sterols. The major fatty acids in neutral lipid were palmitic(28.4~26.4%) eicosapentaenoic(18.6~21.9%) and linoleic acid(9.0~5.4%) in oyster and corb shell but octadecatetraenoic(14.5%), eicosapentaenoic (13.5%) and palmitic acid(12.3%) in top shell. The major fatty acids in glycolipid were eicosenoic(10.2%), palmitic(12.1%) and linolenic acid (10.2%) in oyster, Eicosenoic(26.0%), octadecatetraenoic(14.6.%) and eicosadienoic acid(12.9%) in top shell. But eicosadienoic(21.4%) stearic(14.6%), octadecatetraenoic(8.5%) and eicosenoic acid(8.5%) in corb shell. The major fatty acids in phospholipid were myristic(16.0%), stearic(10.6%), eicosenoic(10.5%) and palmitic acid(10.3%) in oyster, Oleic(22.2%), stearic(20.7%) and linolenic acid (11.8%) in top shell but eicosapentaenoic(25.1%), myristic(8.7%) and arachidonic acid(8.3%) in corb shell.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.685-690
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• 2021

Harmful shell-boring species of the genus Polydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) were frequently reported from commercially important mollusk species in Korea, Japan and China. The traditional approach based on the morphological characteristics showed limitations for species discrimination among shell-boring species. Therefore, DNA barcoding was adopted to identify Polydora species using molecular markers. Two Polydora species (P. haswelli and P. hoplura) in abalone shells were reported from our previous molecular phylogenetic study. In this study, we additionally reported the presence of shell-boring Polydora haswelli in commercially sold shellfish. The taxon-specific cox1 marker used in this study successfully allowed the isolation of P. haswelli from cockle Scapharca subcrenata, mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, oyster Crassostrea gigas and scallop Argopecten irradians. Polydora hoplura was not found in these shellfish species. The genetic variations were found on the intraspecific level of P. haswelli and the same genotype was also detected in different shellfish species. This result can provide information on a new host and accurate parasitic Polydora species. Moreover, this report can be used as the biodiversity data of Polydora species on the invasion and transition of harmful Polydora species in mollusk aquaculture farms.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.154-162
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• 2014

Oyster mushrooms including of P. ostreatus, P. eryngii, P. pulmonarius and P. cornucopiae are one of the famous mushrooms for foods in Korea. RAPD were carried out using 14 of oligoprimers to analyze the phylogenetic relationship among 57 strains of 32 Pleurotus species. Most of species formed the minimum clade with strains within species and was divided respectively species. Therefore clade was separated well in accordance species. Pleurotus species formed again clade to be added in close related to other species, and were discriminated by sixteen clades with each representative species including high similarity groups. Sixteen clades were composed representative species according to each clade. There were clade I of P. pulmonarius(P. sajor-caju, P. opuntiae, P. sapidus), clade II of P. eryngii(P. fuscus var. ferulae, P. fossulatus), clade III of P. ostreatus(P. ostreatus var. columbinus, P. spodoleucus, P. floridanus), clade IV of P. florida, clade V of P. djamor(P. flabellatus, P. incarnates, P. salmoneo-stramineus), clade VII of P. populinus(P. subareolatus), clade VIII of P. cystidiosus(P. cystidiosus var. formosensis), clade X of P. dryinus(P. dryinus var. pometi), clade XIV of P. cornucopiae(P. citrinopilieatus, P. euosmus), and clade XV of P. australis. These species were representative species each clades. Five species, P. ulmarius(clade VI), P. griseus(clade IX), P. calyptratus(clade XI), P. lampas(clade XII), P. smithii(clade XIII)and P. serotinus (clade XVI) were used each one strain in analysis, so they were clustered other groups.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.234-239
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• 1992

The experiment was performed to find out the possibilities to detect virus infection in oyster mushrooms, Pleurotus species by analysis of doublestranded ribonucleic acid (ds RNA). Ds RNA segments were extracted from virus infected isolates which grew abnormally. But virus free isolates didn't show any ds RNA segments. The ds RNA was consisted of one large segment of 8100 base pairs (bp) and 4 smaller segments with 2170, 2120, 1980 and 1984 bp. Whereas, cell free virus particles showed only one larger ds RNA segment. The ds RNA was dissolved by RNase A in low salt, 0.1 M SSC and melted at $85^{\circ}C$. It was possible to use the ds RNA analysis for detecting virus infection directly from the host cells.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

This experiment were carried out to investigate the effect of the rice bran added into spawn various amounts on the cultivation. Our results show that 10 to 20 percent addition of the rice bran as a supplement results in a good mycelial growth and density. However we didn't find a significant variance among the different species of oyster mushroom using poplar sawdust as a medium. When it inoculated spawn with various amounts of rice bran on the medium of rice straw, the mycelial density was increased according to the increase of the added supplement, while there was no significant in the mycelial growth among the treatments. Through the field test it was showed that 15 to 20 percent addition of the supplement results in the highest yield, the shortest days from spawing to pinhead, and the lowest infection rate.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.813-818
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• 2013

In order to understand the co-culture impact of the sea squirt Halocynthia roretzi on the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, we examined the filtration rate of the sea squirt in relation of water temperature ($5-25^{\circ}C$) and body weight. The filtration rate increased in relation to body weight and water temperature, indicating a clear positive correlation with the two variables. Due to the clear positive correlation between filtration rates at each temperature groups for acceptable collinearity, each constants at regression equation was further analyzed for a unified model of filtration rate. Therefore the filtration rate of H. roretzi was estimated as: Fr (L/h/animal)=$(0.1956+0.0182T){\times}DW^{0.7978EXP(-0.0273T)}$ for water temperature in the range of $5-25^{\circ}C$. The estimated filtration rates of H. roretzi were higher than those of C. gigas in the winter season (water temperatures below $16^{\circ}C$) in condition of equal body weight. Our results indicate that H. roretzi may have an advantage over C. gigas in food competition during the winter season when the two species are co-cultured.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.443-450
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• 2014

To determine Pb species in soils following the immobilization process, sequential extraction has been used despite the possibility of overestimating Pb species from unintended reactions during chemical extraction. Meanwhile, the application of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) has been shown to provide a more precise result than chemical extraction. In this study, the immobilization of Pb in contaminated soils treated with liming materials such as oyster shell (OS) or eggshell (ES) was evaluated with thermodynamic modelling and EXAFS analysis. Thermodynamic modelling by visual MINTEQ predicted the precipitation of $Pb(OH)_2$ in OS and ES treated soils. In particular, the values of saturation index (SI) for $Pb(OH)_2$ in OS (SI=0.286) and ES (SI=0.453) treated soils were greater than in the control soil (SI=0.281). Linear combination fitting (LCF) analysis confirmed the presence of $C_{12}H_{10}O_{14}Pb_3$ (lead citrate, 44.7%) by citric acid from plant root, Pb-gibbsite (Pb adsorbed gibbsite, 26.4%), and Pb-kaolinite (Pb adsorbed kaolinite, 20.3%) in the control soil. On the other hand, $Pb(OH)_2$ (16.8%), Pb-gibbsite (39.3%), and Pb-kaolinite (25.6%) were observed in the OS treated soil and $Pb(OH)_2$ (55.2%) and Pb-gibbsite (33.8%) were also confirmed in the ES treated soil. Our results indicate that the treatment with OS and ES immobilizes Pb by adsorption of Pb onto the soil minerals as a result of the increase in soil negative charge and the formation of stable $Pb(OH)_2$ under high pH condition of soils.