• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.380-384
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• 2003

Optimal extraction, separation and capillary rinsing conditions for capillary electrophoresis (CE) were established to discriminate the geographical origin of ligusticum root (Ligusticum wallichii) using 113 samples (domestic sample n = 62, foreign sample n = 51). Ligusticum root was extracted with 30% ethanol and separated on a uncoated fused-silica $(50\;{\mu}m{\times}27\;cm)$ capillary. Conditions for optimal analysis include: temperature, $40^{\circ}C$; voltage, 10 kV; and pressure injection time, domestic and foreign samples were 5 sec and 2 sec, respectively. The optimal separation buffer was 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) containing 15 mM iminodiacetic acid with 40% methanol. Under the optimal conditions established for CE, the ratio of specific peak area (peak LW-1) to other peak area (peak LW-5) was effective in discrimination geographical origin of ligusticum root. The mean accuracy for correct discrimination of geographical origin of domestic and foreign ligusticum roots were 65% and 63%, respectively.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

We used flowcytometry to ploidy verification after that investigate difference between diploid and spontaneous triploid through the truss dimension and classical dimension at crucian carp, Carassius auratus, crucian carp C. cuvieri and common carp, Cyprinus carpio collected from Hangang river, Hantangang river, Imjingang river, Geumgang river, Yeongsangang river and Nakdonggang river, Korea. There were significant differences among the three species for the truss dimensions anterior origin of dorsal fin $(2){\times}$ anterior origin of anal fin (5), $2{\times}$ anterior origin of pelvic fin (6), $2{\times}$ origin of pectoral fin (7), posterior origin of dorsal fin $(3){\times}5$, $3{\times}6$, and $3{\times}7$ (P<0.05). There were no significant differences among the three species in the truss dimensions dorsal fin length ($2{\times}9$) and eye diameter (ED)(P>0.05). On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the several classical dimensions of each species (P>0.05). Three classical dimensions, most anterior extension of the head $(1){\times}2$, $1{\times}6$ and $2{\times}$ most posterior scale in lateral line (4) did not differ between the C. auratus diploid and spontaneous triploid (P>0.05). Two classical dimensions, $1{\times}6$ and longest length between most anterior extension of the head and gill cover ($1{\times}8$) did not differ between the C. cuvieri diploid and spontaneous triploid (P>0.05). One classical dimensions, $1{\times}2$ did not differ between the common carp diploid and spontaneous triploid (P>0.05). There were significant differences in the each diploid and triploid species (P<0.05). These results suggest that the classification of each species and classification between diploid and spontaneous triploid morphometrical parameters used in this study are useful indices of morphometrical status in the each species from major river of Korea.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.537-543
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• 2015

In Korea, the use of world geodetic system(WGS) has been mandated in year 2010. Accordingly, the national geographic information institute(NGIS) provides the digital maps according to the WGS. Nevertheless, most of the digital geological maps are still based on the Tokyo Datum(TD). Therefore, users should conduct 2D/3D geological spatial analysis after converting the coordinates of digital geological maps to WGS. The conversion process is often tedious and troublesome for certain users. Therefore, in this study, the method to transform coordinate from TD to WGS using ArcToolbox is introduced for users not familiar with the process. For a better appreciation, the Chungju and Hwanggang-ri digital sheets of 1:50,000 scale was chosen as an example. Here, Chungju and Hwanggang-ri sheets were defined based on the TD-central origin and TD-east origin, respectively. The two sheets were merged after the transformation of TD-east origin of Hwanggang-ri to the TD-central origin, and eventually transformed to WGS-central origin. The merged map was found to match exactly with the digital map(Daeso 367041). The problem of coordinate determination in previous digital geological maps was solved effectively. The proposed method is believed to be helpful to 2D/3D geological spatial analysis of various geological thematic maps.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.298-307
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• 2003

To figure out the conserved genes and newly added genes at each phylogenetic level of Archaea, COG (clusters of orthologous groups of proteins) algorithm was applied. The number of conserved genes within 9 species of Archaea was 340 and that of 8 species of Euryarchaeota was 388. Many of conserved 265 COGs, which are specific to Archaea and absent in Bacteria and S. cerevisiae, were concerned with 'information storage and processing' (94 COG, 35.5%) and 'metabolism' (82 COG, 30.9%). COGs related to these functions were assumed as highly conserved and permit peculiar life form to Archaea. It seemed that there was some difference in 'nucleotide transport and metabolism' and there was little difference in 'information storage and processing' between Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. Marine-origin Euryarchaeota showed different conserved COGs with terrestrial Euryarchaeota. Conserved COGs, related to carbohydrate transport and metabolism and others, were different between marine- and terrestrial-origin Euryarchaeota. Hence it was assumed that their physiology might be different. This study may help to understand the origin and conserved genes at each phylogenetic level of marine-origin Euryarchaeota and may help in the mining of useful genes in marine Archaea as Manco et al. (Arch. Biochem. Biophy. 373, 182 (2000)).

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.92
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• pp.5-28
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• 2011

This thesis was planned to correct the traditional undervaluation that although the Hui Shi philosophy aimed at "the whole of heaven and earth", it is a philosophy not to reach it to the end. For this, the origin of Hui Shi philosophy and the unique method of only Hui Shi reaching "the whole of heaven and earth" should be clearly examined, and it was seen that the key of this depends on Deng Xi. Therefore, this thesis has first examined various points of view that were confused until now in terms of the origin of Hui Shi philosophy, and pointed out its limit. Next, this thesis has paid attention to the new alternative called Deng Xi. The search on Deng Xi was carried out by thoroughly discussing meanings being implicated in "Wuhou" and "Zhuanci", which are two book's names of "Deng Xi Zi", in the context of the history of ancient Chinese philosophy. As a result, it was confirmed that the "Wuhou" of Deng Xi symbolizes that God and heaven, which were an absolute criterion from ancient times to the spring and autumn period, have fallen to existence of ineffectiveness uncapable of intervening human affairs any more. In addition, "Zhuanci" viewed that problems generated among human beings are a reflection of consciousness that will solve through clear speaking or thinking or words instead of Heaven's will. In conclusion, this thesis has tried the origin of Hui Shi philosophy and an explanation of a unique method of only Hui Shi reaching 'the whole of heaven and earth' from the idea of Deng Xi like this.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.134-141
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• 2021

In this study, the fatty acid (FA) composition of commercial sesame oils (n = 62) was investigated using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), were applied to the chromatographic data of the FAs to discriminate the geographical origin of sesame oils. A statistically significant difference was observed in the content of C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2 between domestic and imported sesame oils. A satisfactory recovery rate of 82.8-100.2 % was achieved for C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3. The correlation of C16:0, C18:1, and C18:2 in domestic sesame oils showed opposite trends compared to imported oils. The PCA plot demonstrated that sesame oils were clustered in distinct groups according to their origin. LDA was used to predict sesame oil samples in one of the two groups. C16:0 (Wilks λ = 0.361) and C18:1 (Wilks λ = 0.637) demonstrated the highest discriminant power for classifying the origin of the samples. The correct prediction rates were 88.9 % and 100 % for the domestic and imported samples, respectively. Further, 60 of the 62 sesame oil samples (96.8 %) were correctly classified, indicating that this approach can be used as a valuable tool to predict and classify the geographical origin of sesame oils.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.93-114
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• 2017

Under the FTA agreement, preferential tariffs between FTA members will result in tariff reductions. In order to ensure the stable use of the FTA tariff system, it is necessary for the customs authorities to determine whether the origin goods are clearly applicable. This study analyzed the procedure of appeal according to the origin verification system based on the decision made by Korea Customs Service and Tax Tribunal. From this, we examined whether the rate of re-claiming a case rejected in the 'Review System of the Legality Before Taxation' differs. In addition, we carried out a quantitative analysis using bootstrapping technique in order to overcome the scarcity cases of verification of origin among FTA members. The implications of this paper are summarized as follows: First, we tested the hypothesis that the re-claiming rate of Western countries is higher. Second, some issues represented higher re-claiming rate. Third, there was no significant difference between the verification group and the re-claiming rate. Finally, even if an applicant makes a claim again, there is a possibility of being rejected again.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to find out the origin, efficiency in sasang constitutional medicine and dosage of Mu tong. Methods: Investigation and analysis was been done through 15 literatures like the pharmacopoeia of the five countries in east Asia, the literatures about sasang constitutional medicine and so on. Results and conclusion: The species of Mu tong in Korea is identical with the Mu tong in China, but different from Chuan mu tong and Guan mu tong in China. Mu tong is a kind of medicine using by kidney can be use at most 12 qian (about 45g) a day when treating heat closing in small intestine, edema, headache, dysentery and difficult urination on Soyangin(SY).

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.71-81
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• 2008

A traditional Korean housing is a typical type which is contained life style, spatial organization and scape element of people who lived in Korea. In the hanok, people want to be live not only in human environment and traditional culture, but also modem urban housing as a high density. This article deals as follows: First, Hanok as urban housing would be composed in a housing lot, linear type layout, devide building, and cluster type. Second, Housing unit and configuration of Multi family housing can be used single story, second story, second story + single story, multi story and Hanok roofing. Thirds, structure of the building are traditional wooden, combined one of steel and wood or concrete and wood, and the building system in exterior and interior can be seperated into another system. Forth, Image of multi story Hanok A last, consistency of Hanok is not a repeat of an origin but application and creative aptitude of the origin, and multi family housing application of Hanok can be a trial creative.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.124-130
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• 1997

Korean folk medicine 'O-I-Pul' has been used to cure arthritis, neuralgia, leucorrhea, snake-bite, vomiting and diarrhea. With regard to the botanical origin of O-I-Pul, it has been considered to be Sanguisorba species of Rosaceae, but there has no pharmacognostical confirmation on it. Morphological and anatomical examination of Sanguisorba leaves show that 'O-I-Pul' was the leaves of S. Officinalis and S. tenuifolia var. alba.