• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.923-943
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• 2018

This study was conducted to verify whether gender role attitudes are related to depression in Korean older males and examine the mediating effect of family conflict coping strategies on the relationship between the two variables. In this study, The target of the study was 1,955 men aged 65 and over in the 9th wave of the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS). Frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed. In addition, Bootstrapping was conducted to verify the significance of the mediating effects of family conflict coping strategies. The results of this study show that patriarchal gender role attitudes of Korean older males were found to be associated with increased risk of depression. Family conflict coping strategies play a role as a mediator for the relationship between gender role attitudes and depression. Throughout the results of this study, the restructuring of gender role attitudes and the improvement of the way of coping with family conflict were suggested as measures to alleviate the depression of the older males, and academic and practical implications were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.81-91
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• 2019

In this study, 3D measurement data of 70 to 85 years old men were analyzed to investigate the body shape characteristics. and the type of the whole body of older men. Through this study, we aimed to provide basic data necessary for making good clothes for elderly men. We analyzed the body shape of elderly males using Korea 's 2015 elderly anthropometric data by SPSS Ver. 24.0. The body shape of older males was classified into four types: 'thin & long inverted triangle with thick legs', 'thick & short inverted triangle with bird legs', 'thick & long triangle with thick legs', 'thick & short triangle with thick legs'. As the age increases, the shoulders are sagging, the progressive reduction of the spine leads to a decrease in height, and the backbone refraction causes a decrease in the anterior center length and an increase in the back length. In addition, as the age increases, the chest circumference decreases and the abdomen and waist circumference increase. Considering these physical changes, it is necessary to set the length of the garment to 2-3cm shorter in the case of the aged layer. Waist and abdomen area are increased, it is considered that it will be necessary to add more margin of 2cm than general silver clothing when setting the margin amount. When setting the length of the upper body, it is considered that the front center length should be reduced and the back length should be increased to keep the bottom level. In this study, only the elderly males aged 70-85 years were included in the analysis of the whole body type. It is significant that the studies so far have been extended to those older than 70 years. Future research will need to be applied to the development of silver clothing through comparison of older men 's body shape in their 60s and 70s.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.119-132
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• 2013

This study aims to understand potential gender differences in the association between job characteristics and job satisfaction among older workers. The data are from 506 males and 202 females older than 55 from the first wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(KLoSA). Analyses focused on examining gender differences in the influences of subjective evaluation of work characteristics measured with education and skill fits of the work, work demands, customary early retirement, as well as more objective job conditions assessed with insurances by the employer, work hours, and salary on job satisfaction. Regression analyses revealed that female workers showed higher job satisfaction while job characteristics worked differently between genders to affect job satisfaction. For males, fitting the job with education and job demands were determining factors of job satisfaction, while the job with skills and work hours appeared to be significant factors for females. Results suggest that opportunities to utilize older workers' human capital and flexible working hours, especially for females workers would be helpful in promoting older adults' employment and satisfaction about their work.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.302-316
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• 2023

Objectives: The study aim was to identify changes in the nutritional status of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic according to household income and demographic characteristics. Methods: Study participants were 2,408 adults aged 65 and over who participated in the 2019-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). To examine changes in nutrient intake levels resulting from COVID-19, data of 2019 and of 2020 were compared. Study participants were divided into three groups based on household income level to compare these changes. The changes were compared according to household income level, age group, and household type. Results: Percentages of recommended intakes for energy, protein, and most micronutrients were the lowest for the low-income group of both males and females in 2020. The Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) score was the lowest for the low-income group in both years. When comparing nutrient density for 2019 and 2020 by income group, the male low-income group experienced a decrease in nutrient densities of vitamin A, thiamine, calcium, and iron. For the same group, a decreased percentage for energy intake from protein was noted. Fruit intake was lowest in the low-income group for both males and females. Low-income males had the lowest intake levels for meat, fish, eggs, and legumes in both 2019 and 2020 and the lowest milk and milk product intake levels in 2020. Older adults living alone or single older adults with children had lower MAR scores than those living with a spouse. Older adults living alone experienced decreases in energy and thiamine and iron intake levels in 2020 compared to their intake levels in 2019. Conclusions: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, nutrition intake levels worsened for older adult males in the low-income group and older adults living alone. This finding shows the need for a more systematic nutritional support strategy for the vulnerable older adults population in national disaster situations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.722-740
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• 2017

This study was conducted to offer basic data that can be used in a clothing industry for active senior males that are emerging as a new consumer bracket in a rapid aging age. To this end, this study conducted an analysis of 'younger' older male body types based on data from the 6th Size Korea. As a result of the body type analysis of 'younger' older males who are considered active seniors in comparison to 'middle' aged males, the former's height items became shorter compared to 'middle' aged males, but circumference items were bigger. Males aged 35-69, who are 'middle' aged males and 'younger' old males were divided into three body types in this study: Type1- small body type with protruded belly, compared to weight. Type 2- body type of slim torso with wide shoulder-back widths. Type3- big body type overall with tall height and heavy weight. According to body type distribution by age group, the middle-aged males had Type2 body type the most. The younger-old males showed type1 the most. There is a need to reflect the body types of active senior male characteristics in apparel pattern design because the current fits are not appropriate if active senior males wear clothing targeted for males aged 30-50.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.59-87
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• 2013

The goal of this study is to understand the experiences of emigration to Vietnam for Korean older males through a qualitative case study. The specific research questions are following. Firstly, what do they experience through emigration to Vietnam? Secondly, what are the meanings of emigration to Vietnam for them? Thirdly, what are the contextual meanings of it? To explore these questions, the data were collected through diverse data collection methods including in-depth interviews with seven research participants for eleven months. Each case was carefully examined and summarized in the within-case analysis and major issues appeared in each case were described in the cross-case analysis before the reconstitution of story-telling considering a holistic context on the older males' experiences of emigration to Vietnam. The six integrated themes are 'Motivation and background of immigration', 'Acculturation', 'Social network', 'Meaning of work', 'Family' and 'Spirituality and attitude to the life', 'Perceptions on death'. Finally, the critical results were summarized before indicating limits and implications of this study and then some suggestions for following studies are summarized on the conclusion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.530-543
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• 2018

This study investigated elderly winter wearing habits and self-identified thermal tolerance in order to compare differences between older males and older females. We surveyed 269 participants: 119 males (age $76.9{\pm}5.9yr$) and 150 females (age $76.1{\pm}5.7yr$). Thirty one questionnaires were used: Self-identified cold and heat tolerance, clothing behavior, lifestyles related to the cold and health care, etc. High percentage of respondents (both males and females) felt vulnerable to the cold. The total number of outdoor clothes were $9.6{\pm}1.6$ and $10.6{\pm}1.6$ in males and females, respectively (p<.05). Wearing frequencies for thermal underwear were 84.0% and 82.4% in males and females, respectively. The using percentage of auxiliary heating devices was higher in females compared to males (p<.01). Males felt more cold in the head and face compared to females (p<.01). Self-identified cold tolerance had negative relationships with the total number of winter outdoor clothes for both males (r=-0.260) and females (r=-0.222) (p<.01). The perceived old age for both males and females was 72.4 yr. Sex differences should be considered when developing guidelines for winter clothing behavior for the elderly and educating them on how to improve health and cold tolerance.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.31-58
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• 2008

This study examines applying the elderly poverty labor hypothesis and skill-biased technological change hypothesis to labor force participation rate(LFPR) of older males in Korea. These hypotheses have hardly been examined on the this group. The analysis is based on the data "Summary of economically active population($1965{\sim}2007$)", "Population projection($1965{\sim}2007$)", "Report on wage structure survey($1993{\sim}2005$)" and "Korea Labor and Income Panel Study($1998{\sim}2006$)". The method employed for this study is logistic regression. The main results from this analysis are summarized in five points. Firstly, Korean older males' LFPR have been increasing since 1965 when industrialization was expanding at full steam. This trend has been different from the decreasing trend of industrialized countries. The second finding is that poor older males' LFPR is, on the average, 5.2% higher than that of non-poor older males from 1998 to 2005. The third result is that the non-elderly man has been increasingly positioned at higher grade occupations, while the elderly man has been held at lower grade occupations. The fourth is that labor demand for highly educated workers has exceeded the increased labor supply of the group, while the demand for low educated workers has decreased far beyond the declined labor supply. As a result, college premium has increased from 139% in 1993 to 157.8% in 2005. The final main implication of this study is that the industrialization theory and modernization hypothesis still holds for the LFPR of Korean older males. However, the elderly affluence hypothesis of the LFPR of older males are hardly persuasive in explaining Korean phenomenon. Especially, we find that the elderly poverty is the main mechanism in determining the Korean LFPR in old ages. This supports the elderly poverty labor hypothesis presented in this study. Skill-biased technological change hypothesis partially explains the LFPR of older man. However, we believe that other factors; human capital specially high school education rather than university education and skill required in less skill biased occupations or the poverty; also have taken effect.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.428-439
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of chronic diseases according to obesity in the elderly older than age 65 using data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016~2018). The subjects of the survey were 3,245 elderly older than age 65 who participated in the health survey and nutrition survey, 45.8% of the subjects were males and 54.2% of the subjects were female. 37.5% of all the elderly were obese, and the females (42.4%) were more obese than the males (31.8%) (p<0.001). Diabetes, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia had a similar prevalence of 24.6%, 63.0%, and 12.7% in males and females, respectively. Hypercholesterolemia was higher in the elderly females (44.2%) than in the elderly males (24.9%) (p<0.001). Through the logistic regression analysis, it was found that the prevalence of chronic diseases was higher in obesity than normal in elderly males and females (p<0.001). The total food intake increased from 'under weight' to 'obesity' in males (p<0.01) and females (p<0.001). In the case of the elderly males, the higher the degree of obesity, the higher the energy intake (p<0.05), and 'pre-obesity' consumed the most energy in elderly females. As a result of this study, the higher the obesity rate of the elderly, the higher the prevalence of chronic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.536-549
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate food intake, dietary diversity and dietary pattern during the summer in middle aged and older adults living in Gugoksundam (Gurye, Goksung, Sunchang and Damyang counties), Jeonla Province located in southern part of Korea and known as one of the representative Korean longevity areas. Food intake and dietary diversity were assessed by using the data from 2 day-24 hour recall of 1,051 subjects (394 males and 711 females) aged 45 years and older (45-93 years in male, 45-105 years in female). The average ages of males and females were 70.7 years and 71.1 years, respectively. Average total daily food intake was significantly decreased with aging in both genders, and the average animal food intake ratio to total food intake was ranged 10~14% in 3 different age groups, 45~64 years, 65~74 years and 75 years and older. The contribution of each food group, in weight, to total food intake showed the descending order of grains, fruits, vegetables and alcohols in males, and grains, fruits, potatoes and meats in females. On daily intake amount of each food item, rice, watermelon, soju, kimchi, and potato were ranked on top 5 in descending order in males, and rice, watermelon, potato, kimchi and ylmukimchi in females. On intake frequency, rice, kimchi, onion, green pepper and potato were ranked on top 5 in descending order in both genders. Dietary variety score (DVS) and dietary diversity score (DDS) for the assessment of dietary diversity and balance were significantly decreased with aging in both genders. In food group intake pattern (DMGFV), 01101 type without consumption of dairy and fruits was the most prevalent, and only 3.6% of male and 3.9% of female subjects showed 11111 type, consumed all the 5 food groups a day. Dietary pattern of subjects was analyzed by cluster analysis with 18 food groups intake. Overall dietary pattern was classified into two clusters, one was more desirable and the other was less desirable. The percentage of subjects with more desirable dietary pattern was about 15% in male and 32% in female. In conclusion, most of our subjects living in Gugoksundam area were taking very simple diet with low amount of dairy products and fruits. These results indicate that nutrition intervention and education for older people living in rural areas should be focused on various food intake including dairy products and fruits.