• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.738-744
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• 2012

Gastrodia elata Blume is used for a variety of purposes including treatment of inflammation in the Korean medicine. The present study investigated whether the G. elata extracts have the anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglia cells. G. elata extracts showed an anti-inflammatory effects in the morphological and nitric oxide(NO) analysis, especially in hexane extract. So we investigated the hexane extract from G. elata in the following experiments. Hexane extract significantly inhibited the secretion of NO with protein level of inducible nitric oxide synthase in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells. Hexane extract also inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses involving the degradation of cytosolic inhibitory(I)-${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and the translocation of nuclear factor(NF)-${\kappa}Bp65$ to nucleus in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia cells by morphological analysis. Western blot analyse confirmed that I-${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and NF-${\kappa}Bp65$ showed a similar pattern as morphological analysis. Our results suggest that G. elata extracts, especially hexane extract, may act as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory disease in the central nervous system through a selective regulation of NO production and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.218-224
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• 2008

This study was conducted to obtain the basic data for using the Artemisia genetic resources as a medicinal crop. 24 taxa including Artemisia capillaris Thunb. were analyzed by principal component analysis of 25 characters and cluster analysis for classification. In Principal components analysis of individuals of taxa using 25 morphological characters of reproductive organ, the first, the second, the third and the fourth components contributed 44.73%, 16.86%, 8.88%, and 7.07% of the variations, respectively. The cumulative contribution from the first to the fourth principal components was 77.56%. In cluster analysis, taxa of Artemisia L. was seperated 3 group by 25 morphological characters of reproductive organ, but it didn't completely coincident with Kitamura classification.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 2017

For analysis of the relationship among blueberry cultivars, the growth period and morphological characteristics were investigated in 28 blueberry cultivars, and cluster analysis using the SAS program was conducted based on the morphological data. The harvest period was later and longer in rabbiteye blueberry cultivars (Austin, Brightwell, Powderblue, Southland, Tifblue) than in highbush blueberry cultivars. The L/D ratio of flower was more than 2.0 in the Austin, Brightwell, Powderblue, Southland, Tifblue, and Brigitta cultivars, and this could be disadvantageous for pollination. The 28 blueberry cultivars were classified into two groups by the cluster analysis based on growth period and morphological characteristics. Group I included rabbiteye blueberries and Group II included highbush blueberries. However, the northern, southern, and half-highbush blueberry cultivars were not differentiated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.31-36
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.200-200
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• 2018

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.12
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• pp.881-888
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• 2013

A pre-analyzed dictionary is used to increase the speed and the accuracy of morphological analyzers and to decrease the over-generation. However, if the dictionary includes 'Insufficiently-analyzed word-phrases', which do not include all the possible analysis of the word-phrase, it may cause the decrease of the analysis accuracy. In this paper, we measure the accuracy changes according to the number of word-phrase frequency and the size changes of corpus by Sejong corpus. And performance of integrate system(SMA with pre-dictionary) is highest when sufficient analysis rate of pre-dictionary is more than 99.82%. Also pre-dictionary is constructed with word-phrase that frequency more than 32(64) when size of corpus is 1,600,000(6,300,000) word-phrase.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1999

To examine taxonomic relationships among 53 plums derived from Prunus cerasifera, P. domestica, and P. salicina, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis on 27 morphological characters were conducted. Of 27 characters, leaf size, leaf shape, and leaf hair were useful characters for plum identification and understanding of taxonomic relationships among them. Leaf length, petiole length, number of leaf nectaries, leaf shape, leaf base, and date of full blooming showed the clear differences between P. salicina group and P. domestica group. Results of cluster analysis using scores of the first three principal components indicated that 53 plums could be grouped into P. salicina-P. cerasifera, P. domestica, and P. spinosa phenon at 1.0 of average distance in UPGMA. Although PCA was useful for rough classification of plums, much more characters were needed for the exact classification.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.557-565
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine variations of 35 morphological characteristics of 6 natural populations of Zelkova serrata in Korea. On the basis of the results of the ANOVA tests, the populations were significantly different in 16 of the 20 quantitative morphological characteristics that were tested. In particular, the 'Cheongju-si Gutdae Mountain' population showed larger values in 9 of the 20 quantitative characteristics that were examined. In the results of principal component analysis of the characteristics, examined characteristics were not suitable for the variation of 6 natural populations. According to the results of cluster analysis, 'Namhae-gun Mijori Evergreen Forest' population was grouped with 'Yangpyeon-gun Yongmun Mountain' population to the nearest group, and then 'Cheongju-si Gutdae Mountain' population, 'Boeun-gun Sokri Mountain' population, 'Daegu metropolitan city Palgong Mountain' population, and 'Hamyang-gun Sang Forest' population were grouped in regular sequence.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.145-153
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• 2020

Recently, keyword extraction from social big data has been widely used for the purpose of extracting opinions or complaints from the user's perspective. Regarding this, our previous work suggested a method to improve accuracy of keyword extraction based on the notion of cohesion scoring, but its accuracy can be degraded when the number of input reviews is relatively small. This paper presents a method to resolve this issue by applying simplified morphological analysis as a postprocessing step to extracted keywords generated from the algorithm discussed in the previous work. The proposed method enables to add analysis rules necessary to process input data incrementally whenever new data arrives, which leads to reduction of a dictionary size and improvement of analysis efficiency. In addition, an interactive rule adder is provided to minimize efforts to add new rules. To verify performance of the proposed method, experiments were conducted based on real social reviews collected from online, where the results showed that error ratio was reduced from 10% to 1% by applying our method and it took 450 milliseconds to process 5,000 reviews, which means that keyword extraction can be performed in a timely manner in the proposed method.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.145-161
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• 2015

This research was conducted in order to understand the hybridization between Quercus aliena Blume and Q. serrata Murray in Korea which show wide range of morphological variations within species and interspecific variations of diverse overlapping characteristics caused by hybridization. Morphological analysis (principal components analysis; PCA) of 116 individuals representing two species and their intermediates were performed. As a result, two species were clearly distinguished in terms of morphology, and intermediate morpho-types assumed to be hybrids between the two species were mostly located in the middle of each parent species in the plot of the principal components analysis. There was a clear distinction between two species in trichome distribution pattern which is an important diagnostic character in taxonomy of genus Quercus, whereas intermediate morpho-types showed intermediate state between two species' trichome distributions. Forty-two individuals representing two species and their intermediates were examined for leaf flavonoid constituents. Twenty-three flavonoid compounds were isolated and identified: They were glycosylated derivatives of flavonols, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin and myricetin. The flavonoid constituents of Q. aliena were five glycosylated derivatives: kaempferol 3-O-galactoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, and Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside. The flavonoid constituents of Q. serrata had 20 diverse flavonol compounds including five flavonoid compounds found in Q. aliena. It was found that there is a clear difference in flavonoid constituents of Q. aliena and Q. serrata. Flavonoid chemistry is very useful in recognizing each species and putative hybrids. The flavonoid constituents of intermediates were a mixture of the two species' constituents and they generally showed similar characteristics to morpho-types. The hybrids between Q. aliena and Q. serrata showed morphologically and chemically diverse characteristics and it is assumed that there are frequent interspecific hybridization and introgression.