• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.546-555
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• 2012

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between nurses' knowledge and performance for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections (ICRI) according to the strength of recommendations in evidence based guidelines (EBG). Methods: The total participants were 144 nurses working for medical surgical unit and intensive care unit. Data were collected from July 12 to July 30, 2010 and analyzed by one way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: The knowledge and performance mean scores were $0.80{\pm}0.17$ and $3.04{\pm}0.31$ for peripheral venous catheter (PVC) management, and $0.83{\pm}0.17$ and $3.00{\pm}0.30$ for central venous catheter (CVC) management respectively. The items of category IA had the highest knowledge score (F=44.70, p<.001) and the items of category II had the highest performance score (F=47.09, p<.001) in PVC management, while the items of category IA had the highest knowledge (F=20.04, p<.001) and performance scores (F=18.20, p<.001) in CVC management. Knowledge and performance scores were significantly correlated in CVC management (r=.24, p=.004), but not in PVC management (r=.03, p=.753). Conclusion: EBG for the prevention of ICRI was not fully implemented in clinical settings. These findings emphasize that clinical professions need to develope strategies to enhance nursing practices with evidence based guideline.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.271-274
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• 2010

With deer farming now becoming recognized as one of the alternative livestock farming practices, there has been much attention on infectious diseases of cattle, but less awareness of these diseases in deer. Serum samples were randomly collected from 78 deer from 31 farms and 7 wild water deer from wild animal medical center during 2005 to 2007, respectively. A total 85 sera were tested for Neospora caninum antibodies by ELISA. Fourteen farmed deer(17.9%) were positive to N. caninum but no antibodies were found in sera from wild water deer. The sera from all of the area for these study showed positive in the range from 6.7 to 30.7%. On the basis of these study, farmed deer in Jeonbuk province were exposed extensively and seriously to N. caninum which might present a risk to other species included cattle and dog.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2015

RI & RG are used in various field such as medical field, industrial field, agricultural and food&life field. The number of small nuclear facilities is on the increase. We need to take an interest in decommissioning of small nuclear facility and predict the occurring problem from facility decommissioning. Because of the relatively low radiation risk, the preparation of the small nuclear facility dismantling is often neglected. As the accident in Goiania, Brazil showed, the impact of the decommissioning of small nuclear facilities is not less than the large nuclear facilities although it may seem dangerless. Therefore, we analyzed the each institutional characteristics of the decommissioning of small nuclear facilities through foreign case study on this research. Also, we proposed several considerations on decommissioning such as reuse of facility and source, lack of space, stakeholder involvement and failures of protection. Through these study, we tried to make guideline of the small nuclear facilities decommissioning.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.457-466
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of breastfeeding education experience on knowledge, control beliefs, and future intention toward breastfeeding to consider the needs of breastfeeding education program of university students. The breastfeeding knowledge, control beliefs and related habits of 445 male and female college students were evaluated between September 1, 2011 to April 30, 2012. Data were collected from self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS for Window V.17.0. ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test and ANOVA were used for the calculation of differences between groups. The percentage of students who intended to breastfeed their baby was 80.7% (male: 73.6%, female: 84.2%). Only 21.6% of students experienced breastfeeding education. Students planned to get information related to breastfeeding from their mothers (32.4%), breastfeeding experts (23.8%) and Medical doctors & nurses (10.6%). breastfeeding education group showed higher knowledge level (14.46 vs 10.56) and control beliefs (3.48 vs 3.16) to breastfeeding than non-education group (p < 0.001). General attitude toward breastfeeding was similar between groups; the specific intention to breastfeed for 6 months was higher in the education group (83.3% vs 58.2%) (p < 0.01). Percentage of students who gave correct answers to knowledge questions related to breastfeeding was also higher in the breastfeeding education group than non-education group (72.3% vs 52.8%). Among 20 questions, only 2 questions showed no significant differences between the groups. These findings suggested that breastfeeding education was effective in encouraging or improving breastfeeding practices.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2012

Background: The C-arm fluoroscope is known as the most important equipment in pain interventions. This study was conducted to investigate the completion rate of education on radiation safety, the knowledge of radiation exposure, the use of radiation protection, and so on. Methods: Unsigned questionnaires were collected from the 27 pain physicians who applied for the final test to become an expert in pain medicine in 2011. The survey was composed of 12 questions about the position of the hospital, the kind of hospital, the use of C-arm fluoroscopy, radiation safety education, knowledge of annual permissible radiation dose, use of radiation protection, and efforts to reduce radiation exposure. Results: In this study, although most respondents (93%) had used C-arm fluoroscopy, only 33% of the physicians completed radiation safety education. Even though nine (33%) had received education on radiation safety, none of the physicians knew the annual permissible radiation dose. In comparing the radiation safety education group and the no-education group, the rate of wearing radiation-protective glasses or goggles and the use of radiation badges or dosimeters were significantly higher in the education group. However, in the use of other protective equipment, knowledge of radiation safety, and efforts to reduce radiation exposure, there were no statistical differences between the two groups. Conclusions: The respondents knew very little about radiation safety and had low interest in their radiation exposure. To make the use of fluoroscopy safer, additional education, as well as attention to and knowledge of practices of radiation safety are required for pain physicians.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate functional disability for the elderly in rural Korea and to identify influencing factors of functional disability. Methods : The data were collected for 76 community-dwelling elderly in rural area and above 65 years. We assessed cognitive function, functional disability, depression using LACLS, WHODAS 2.0, SGDS-K. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for general characteristics of subjects, Spearman's correlation among LACLS, SGDS-K, WHODAS 2.0, age, educational levels. And multiple regression was used to find influencing factors of functional disability. Results : As a result of this study, we identified that WHODAS 2.0 total score was 50.59, summary score was 9.94 and functional disability of the elderly in rural area is in the 70^th percentile. The highest level of disability occurred in areas related to 'life activities (household)', 'participation in society' and the lowest level of disability occured in areas of 'self-care', 'getting along with people'. Functional disability was significantly correlated with age (r=.398), cognitive function (r=-.547), depression (r=-.563) but not educational levels (r=-.215). Finally, we confirmed that depression (𝛽=.371), cognitive function (𝛽=-.263), widowed status (𝛽=.303), age (𝛽=.272), non-participation of community program (𝛽=.165) was significantly influencing factors of functional disability and the explanatory power of these factors was 52.80 %. Conclusion : This study revealed important factors of functional disability. Therefore, we need to consider these factors when we developed program related to health for the elderly (aged > 65 years) in rural Korea. Further, we need to standardize WHODAS 2.0 in order to enhance its applicability in clinical practices.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.74 no.6
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• pp.256-263
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• 2013

Background: Health status measure is not only important for clinical research studies but also for clinical practices of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The objective of this study is to evaluate the validity of the Korean Version of COPD Assessment Test (CAT) in primary care clinics as well as in referral hospitals. Methods: Smokers or ex-smokers, aged 40 years or older, with a smoking history of >10 pack-years; and a COPD diagnosis in the past 6 months or more, were recruited from 4 primary care clinics and 2 referral hospitals. Demographic, medical, and spirometry data was collected from patients who completed the CAT and St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and had their dyspnea been assessed. The primary endpoint was the correlation between of the Korean version of CAT with SGRQ in patients with COPD. Results: A total 100 patients were enrolled. The mean age and smoking amounts were $69.2{\pm}8.4$ years and $40.6{\pm}22.3$ pack-years, respectively. Sixty-seven percent of the patients reported at least one exacerbation in the past year. The mean CAT score was $16.9{\pm}8.0$. The internal consistency assessed by Cronbach's alpha was 0.85. The CAT score was positively correlated with the SGRQ score (r=0.76, p<0.0001) and each component of SGRQ: symptoms, activity and impacts; r=0.68, r=0.61, and r=0.72, respectively (all p<0.0001). These positive correlations were preserved in the different groups (r=0.86, p<0.0001 in primary care clinic group; r=0.69, p<0.0001 in hospital group). The CAT score was also positively correlated to the Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale (r=0.46, p<0.0001). Conclusion: The Korean version of CAT had good internal consistency and showed good correlations with SGRQ. It can be used for assessing the impacts of COPD on the patient's health including primary care setting.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2008

As the number of cell phone users become growing, some researchers have presented that the imprudent use of mobile phones exerts harmful influence on electronic devices such as medical appliances, takeoff and landing system of aircraft. In this paper, we propose a usage model based on context-awareness which can be applied to mobile devices. The model controls the usage of both mobile devices themselves and mobile contents according to some context information like location, time, the circumference noise, etc. The proposed usage control model includes a dynamic role-based access control approach. To show the effectiveness of the proposed model, we have implemented a prototype system on an embedded board and PC server, and evaluated the performance of the system.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.26-35
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• 1997

Background : Glycopeptide antibiotics are the only drugs for treatment of infections due to beta-lactam-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. As the incidence of infection and colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci(VRE) rapidly increases, the hospital infection control practices advisory committee(HICPAC) recommends prudent vancomycin use to detect, prevent and control infection and colonization with VRE. Methods : The inpatients admitted from September to December, 1996 in Pusan National University Hospital, with Gram-positive bacterial infections were evaluated retrospectively to see whether the administrations of glycopeptide antibiotics were appropriate or not, upon comparison with the recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance by HICPAC. Results : Teicoplanin has been chosen more frequently than vancomycin of the glycopeptide antibiotics. The indications of administration of glycopeptides in patients with pneumonia, wound infections, sepsis, and in febrile or neutropenic patients with malignancies were appropriate, but the use of glycopeptides for elimination of merely colonized bacteria in the oral cavity could not be excluded. Inappropriate use of glycopeptides was 10.6%, and inappropriately long-term use without positive culture for beta-lactam-resistant Gram-positive organisms was about 40% of total days of drug use. Conclusion : It seems essential for the quality assurance committee to make a plan in teaching the HICPAC recommendations to the medical practitioners who prescribed the glycopeptides inappropriately or used for irrelevantly long to his patient, monitor and survey their use of glycopeptides prospectively and periodically, and if there are repeated inappropriate prescriptions, a certain penalty would be given to the practitioners.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.78-81
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• 2003

The prevention of cancer is one of the most important public health and medical practices of the $21^{st}$ century. We have made much progress in this new emerging field, but so much remains to be accomplished before widespread use and practice become common place. Cancer chemoprevention encompasses the concepts of inhibition, reversal, and retardation of the cancer process. This process, called carcinogenesis, requires 20-40 years to reach the endpoint called invasive cancer. It typically follows multiple, diverse and complex pathways in a stochastic process of clonal evolution. These pathways appear amenable to inhibition, reversal or retardation at various points. We must therefore identify key pathways in the evolution of the cancer cell that can be exploited to prevent this carcinogenesis process. Basic research is identifying many genetic lesions and epigenetic processes associated with the progression of precancer to invasive disease. Many of these early precancerous lesions favor cell division over quiescence and protect cells against apoptosis when signals are present. Many oncogenes are active during early development and are reactivated in adulthood by aberrant gene promoting errors. Normal regulatory genes are mutated, making them insensitive to normal regulatory signals. Tumor suppressor genes are deleted or mutated rendering them inactive. Thus there is a wide range of defects in cellular machinery which can lead to evolution of the cancer phenotype. Mistakes may not have to appear in a certain order for cells to progress along the cancer pathway. To conquer this diverse disease, we must attack multiple key pathways at once for a predetermined period of time. Thus, agent combination prevention strategies are essential to decrease cancer morbidity. Furthermore, each cancer type may require custom combination of prevention strategies to be successful.