• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.372-385
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop web-based self-nutrition management u-Health program for diabetic patients (DMDMG: Diabetes Mellitus Dietary Management Guide) for achieving systematic self-management of diet. Methods: The program consisted of five parts with different contents according to the results of needs assessment. Five major parts were 1) meal management part which contains calorie prescription, meals recording and dietary assessment, 2) prevention of disease part with information of diabetes and assessment of dietary behavior, 3) dietary behavior modification part with an education on dietary behavior modification plan and dietary behavior plan, 4) meal plan containing a training section for meal plan and self constructing part for meal planning by making tables, and 5) information about myself which composed with general and physical information. The system proposed in this study provides nutrients intake results right after input of diet intake, which is possible with simultaneous calculation of input data in the server with 3,495 food and 1,821 meal data base. The nutrients analysis program was evaluated with 26 diabetic patients with two-day 24 hr recall. Results: The differences of nutrients intakes between DMDMG and CANPRO 3.0 ranged from 13.5-16.5%, which was caused by the differences of databases of the two programs. The characteristics of DMDMG were; 1) it can provide an interactive tailored nutrition management, 2) it is a practical tool of diabetes nutritional management, 3) the program gives motivation for the dietary behavior modification. Conclusions: The effectiveness of whole program needs to be conducted, but the program was an innovative tool for self-management of nutrient intakes, diet behaviors, meal management and tailored nutrition education.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.352-359
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• 2005

Uncertainty involved during determination of vitamin C content in infant formula was quantified by indophenol titration method. Uncertainty sources in measurand, such as purity, weight, final volume of standard, volume of standard solution used for titration, sample weight, final volume of sample, extraction solution used for titration, titration of extraction solution and standard solution by indophenol solution were identified and used as parameters for combined standard uncertainty based on Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM) and Draft EURACHEM/CITAC Guide. Uncertainty parameters of each source in measurand were identified as resolution, reproducibility and stability of chemical balance, standard material purity, repeatability, reproducibility, end point of titration, 1 mL pipet, 5 mL autopipet, and 100 mL mass flask. Each uncertainty component was evaluated by types A and B and included to calculate combined uncertainty. Analytical test result for traceability under laboratorial conditions using Certified Reference Material (CRM) test was certified as $108.4{\pm}1.7mg/100g$, which was within CRM certification range of $114.6{\pm}6.6mg/100g$. Uncertainty test result of vitamin C content of 5 g sampling was $56.7{\pm}2.44mg/100g$. Uncertainty could be reduced by identification of uncertainty sources and components related with vitamin C determination by indophenol titration method and by decreasing uncertainty sources and components.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.701-710
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• 2004

Uncertainty was quantified to evaluate calcium determination result in infant formula with AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) and ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry). Uncertainty sources in measurand, such as sample weight, final volume of sample, sample dilution and the instrumental result were identified and used as parameters for combined standard uncertainty based on the GUM (Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement) and Draft EURACHEM/CITAC Guide. Uncertainty components of each sources in measurand were identified as resolution, reproducibility and stability of chemical balance, standard material purity, standard material molecular weight, standard solution concentration, standard solution dilution factor, sample dilution factor, calibration curve, recovery, instrumental precision, reproducibility, and stability, Each uncertainty components were evaluated by uncertainty types and included to calculate combined uncertainty. The kinds of uncertainty sources and components in the analytical method by AAS and ICP-AES were same except sample dilution factor for AAS. The analytical results and combined standard uncertainties of calcium content were estimated within the certification range $(367{\pm}20\;mg/100g)$ of CRM (Certified Reference Material) and were not significantly different between method by AAS followed by ashing and method by ICP-AES followed by acid digestion as $359.52{\pm}23.61\;mg/100g\;and\;354.75{\pm}16.16\;mg/100g$, respectively. Identifying uncertainty sources related with precision, repeatability, stability, and maintaining proper instrumental conditions as well as personal proficiency was needed to reduce analytical error.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.691-701
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the dietary quality of school-aged children from low-income families in comparison with those from higher income families. The socio-demographic and anthropometric data and one day 24-hour recall dietary intake data of 1,782 school-aged children were used for analysis from the data of 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey. The children whose family had monthly household income 120% or lower than the 2001 Minimum Cost of Living were classified into Low Income Group (LIG), and the others were classified into Higher Income Group (HIG). The consumption levels of the food groups of the Korean Food Guide as well as the general nutritional status based on their weight and height, energy and nutrient intake were compared between LIG and HIG in elementary (n = 989), middle (n = 432), and high (n = 361) school-aged children, respectively. LIG tended to have lower weight, height, and BMI than HIG, but the difference was significant only in the weight and the BMI of the middle school-aged children. The energy intake of LIG didn't differ from that of HIG, but LIG consumed a higher percentage of energy from carbohydrate and a lower percentage of energy from fat than HIG. Some micronutrient intake was lower in LIG than HIG in case of the elementary and the middle school-aged children. The average numbers of servings of milk dairy products and fruits consumed by LIG were significantly lower than those consumed by HIG in the elementary and the middle school-aged children, and they were less than the respective recommended serving. The average number of servings of meat fish egg beans consumed by LIG was lower than that consumed by HIG in the middle and the high school-aged children, and it was also less than the recommended serving. The results suggested that the diet of children from low-income families should be intervened by strategies different from the other children in order to improve the consumption level of milk dairy products, fruits, and meat fish egg beans.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.206-210
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• 2017

This study was performed to develope mathematical models for predicting growth kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus in the processed meat product, pyeonyuk. Growth patterns of S. aureus in pyeonyuk were determined at the storage temperatures of 4, 10, 20, and $37^{\circ}C$ respectively. The number of S. aureus in pyeonyuk increased at all the storage temperatures. The maximum specific growth rate (${\mu}_{max}$) and lag phase duration (LPD) values were calculated by Baranyi model. The ${\mu}_{max}$ values went up, while the LPD values decreased as the storage temperature increased from $4^{\circ}C$ to $37^{\circ}C$. Square root model and polynomial model were used to develop the secondary models for ${\mu}_{max}$ and LPD, respectively. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was used to evaluate the developed model and the fitness was determind to be 0.42. Therefore the developed predictive model was useful to predict the growth of S. aureus in pyeonyuk and it will help to prevent food-born disease by expanding for microbial sanitary management guide.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.99-103
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• 1988

For the purpose of discussing two colorimetric methods modified from the Standard Methods of Sanitary Inspection. Guide issued by the Ministry of Health and Social Affaires of Korea (1985), the Standard Methods of Analysis of Hygienic Chemists authorized by the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.(1980) and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method were studied. Two kinds of ham, sausage samples and four kinds of roe samples were analyzed by the HPLC method and the results agreed well with those obtained by the diazotization-coupling colorimetric method prescribed in the Standard Methods of Analysis for Hygienic Chemists authorized by the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (1980) and two modified methods.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1053-1059
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• 2003

This study aimed to determine the amount of vitamin C from vegetable & fruit juice by high performance liquid chromatograhy (HPLC). Components for estimation of measurement uncertainty associated with the analysis of vitamin C, such as standard weight, purity, molecular weight, dilution of standard solution, calibration curve, recovery, and precision, were importantly applied. The estimation of uncertainty obtained with systematic and random error based on the GUM (Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement) and EURACHEM document with mathematical calculation and statistical analysis. The components, evaluated ty either Type A or Type B methods, were combined to produce an overall value of uncertainty known as the combined standard uncertainty. An expanded uncertainty was obtained by multiplying the combined standard uncertainty with a coverage factor (k) calculated from the effective degree of freedom. The content of vitamin C from vegetable and fruit juice was 27.53 mg/100g and the expanded uncertainty by multiplying by the coverage factor (k, 2.06) was 0.63 mg/100g at a 95% confidence level. It was concluded that the main sources were, in order of recovery and precision, weight and purity of the reference material, dilution of the standard solution, and calibration curve. Careful experiments on other higher uncertainties is further needed in addition to better personal proficiency in sample analysis in terms of accuracy and precision.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.717-734
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify preschool children's eating behaviors associated with early childhood obesity and its multi-level, socio-ecological determinants. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of 364 mothers of preschool children aged 3-5 years, these children's healthy eating behaviors were assessed using a validated preschool nutrition quotient (NQ-P) questionnaire. The children's overweight or obesity statuses were determined based on body mass index percentiles from the 2017 Korean National Growth Chart. The associations between the NQ-P score and risk of overweight or obesity were examined using multivariable logistic regression. The associations of individual, maternal, physical, and media environmental factors with the NQ-P score were also examined using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS: Preschool children with greater NQ-P scores were at a significantly lower risk of overweight or obesity (P < 0.01). The NQ-P score had a significantly positive association with maternal body mass index and an inverse association with household income (all P < 0.05). Maternal parenting and feeding practices exhibited associations with the NQ-P score. Positive associations were observed with "warm," "structured," and "autonomy-supportive" parenting as well as monitoring feeding practices (all P < 0.05). In addition, the NQ-P score had a significantly positive association with the childcare center's anti-obesogenic environment, such as the provision of nutritional and physical-activity support and vicinity of the built food environment to the home, including access to good-quality food, fruits and vegetables, and low-fat foods (all P < 0.05). Regarding media environments, the NQ-P score demonstrated more significant associations with viewing and eating and/or cooking content displayed on online video platforms (all P < 0.05) than with that on television. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the significance of healthy eating behaviors in early-childhood-obesity prevention and underscore the importance of multilevel maternal, physical, and media environmental interventions that effectively guide eating behaviors in preschool children.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.57-80
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• 2021

The purpose of this research is to develop a Home Economics education curriculum that can promote citizenship through critical literacy. To this end, the 'housing' area in the 2015 revised curriculum of home economics and textbooks were analyzed from a critical literacy perspective. Using Laster(1986)'s critical science curriculum development course and "A Teacher's guideFamily, Food and Society"(Staaland & Storm, 1996), a 'Citizenship raising curriculum of home economics education in the housing area.' was developed. The results of this research are as follows. First, when the the curriculum was examined, the teaching objectives of the overall subject, or the achievement criteria, learning elements, and evluative methods of the housing area consisted of practical problem solving curriculum that can include critical literacy content. In addition, as a result of analyzing the text of the three textbooks' housing areas, it was found that most of them were described as adapting to and coping with the current culture, and few problems or social issues were mentioned that could lead to critical literacy. Second, the housing area curriculum for critical literacy learning was developed, with a total of 13 plan of 7 modules including continuous interests, valued ends, learning contents, and 26 learning materials including reading materials, and video materials. Based on the findings, the next curriculum and textbook should address social issues related to critical literacy and various classes of housing, and teachers' communities and training should be operated to support teachers who can be examplary for practical reasoning and critical thinking.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.327-339
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• 2009

It is known that Korean pregnant women take iron supplements at a higher than the recommended level. This study was designed to provide data on current iron intake levels both from food sources and supplement to better guide iron supplement use during pregnancy. We also explored associations of iron supplement intake levels with various sociocultural factors and pregnancy outcomes. Dietary intakes of 510 pregnant women were assessed by a validated 102-item food frequency questionnaire, and information on types and amounts of nutritional supplement intakes were also attained. While dietary intake levels of most nutrients exceeded the KDRIs (Korea Dietary Reference Intakes: EAR: Estimated Average Requirements), folate fell short of the KDRIs. A total of 428 women (83.9%) reported to take iron supplement. The pregnant women were divided into the three groups (group I: Fe supplement intake ${\le}$ EAR, group II: EAR < Fe supplement intake ${\le}$ 3 times of EAR, group III: 3 times of EAR < Fe supplement intake). The mean dietary intake of iron was 24% of the total iron intake for pregnant women. Iron intake from food was not significantly different among I, II, and III. In case of iron intake from supplements, the most frequent dose (34.1%) was 90-100 mg/day, and the mean iron supplement intake was 362% of the EAR. The study findings showed that those with higher levels of iron supplements had better meal quality measured by NAR (Nutrient Adequacy Ratio) and INQ (Index of Nutrient Quality). In addition iron supplement intake levels were significantly related to age (20s: 66.5 ${\pm}$ 38.6 mg/day, 30s: 77.3 ${\pm}$ 47.8 mg/day, p < 0.0116) and experience of childbirth (1st pregnancy: 70.9 ${\pm}$ 41.2 mg/day, 2nd pregnancy: 64.5 ${\pm}$ 39.5 mg/day, ${\ge}$ 3rd pregnancy: 94.4 ${\pm}$ 63.8 mg/day, p < 0.005). However, no significant difference was found between iron supplement intake levels and various pregnancy outcomes including birth weight, birth height, gestational age, weight gain during pregnancy, and jaundice. It is worrisome that iron intake by supplement use greatly exceeded the EAR, suggesting the need of appropriate guidelines for iron supplement intake during pregnancy. Thus iron overdose from supplements in pregnancy should be considered as a serious condition.