Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Early childhood eating behaviors associated with risk of overweight and its socio-ecological determinants in Korean preschool children

  • Yeri Kim (Department of Nutritional Science & Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Jiye Kim (Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Bomi Lee (Department of Child Development & Intervention, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Seungyoun Jung (Department of Nutritional Science & Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Seo-Jin Chung (Department of Nutritional Science & Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Hyekyeong Kim (Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Nana Shin (Department of Child Development & Intervention, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Yuri Kim (Department of Nutritional Science & Food Management, Ewha Womans University)
  • Received : 2022.07.04
  • Accepted : 2023.01.09
  • Published : 2023.08.01
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Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify preschool children's eating behaviors associated with early childhood obesity and its multi-level, socio-ecological determinants. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of 364 mothers of preschool children aged 3-5 years, these children's healthy eating behaviors were assessed using a validated preschool nutrition quotient (NQ-P) questionnaire. The children's overweight or obesity statuses were determined based on body mass index percentiles from the 2017 Korean National Growth Chart. The associations between the NQ-P score and risk of overweight or obesity were examined using multivariable logistic regression. The associations of individual, maternal, physical, and media environmental factors with the NQ-P score were also examined using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS: Preschool children with greater NQ-P scores were at a significantly lower risk of overweight or obesity (P < 0.01). The NQ-P score had a significantly positive association with maternal body mass index and an inverse association with household income (all P < 0.05). Maternal parenting and feeding practices exhibited associations with the NQ-P score. Positive associations were observed with "warm," "structured," and "autonomy-supportive" parenting as well as monitoring feeding practices (all P < 0.05). In addition, the NQ-P score had a significantly positive association with the childcare center's anti-obesogenic environment, such as the provision of nutritional and physical-activity support and vicinity of the built food environment to the home, including access to good-quality food, fruits and vegetables, and low-fat foods (all P < 0.05). Regarding media environments, the NQ-P score demonstrated more significant associations with viewing and eating and/or cooking content displayed on online video platforms (all P < 0.05) than with that on television. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the significance of healthy eating behaviors in early-childhood-obesity prevention and underscore the importance of multilevel maternal, physical, and media environmental interventions that effectively guide eating behaviors in preschool children.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research is supported from the Ewha Womans University Research Grant of 2020.

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