• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.240-249
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the future plan for infant feeding practice and its associated factors among university students so as to develop focus for nutritional education program for the promotion of breastfeeding. The subjects were 301 students (males 130, females 171). The results obtained were as follows. In this survey, the subjects had a basic knowledge of breastfeeding and lactation, especially of the ingredient of breastmilk. However they were not well informed about the physiology and method of breastfeeding and benefits of breastfeeding for mothers. The average scores far attitude toward breastfeeding and lactation were 3.09 points on a 4 point scale, which indicated a slightly positive attitudes toward breastfeeding. However the participants had a negative attitude toward its emotional and practical aspects. Their future plan for infant feeding was breastfeeding 40.3%, formula feeding 3.0% and mixed feeding 56.7%. A concern was that the students showed a high rate with regard to a mixed feeding plan, and Dey decided this based on an incorrect knowledge of breastfeeding. The group who planned to breastfeed in the future (BF) showed higher scores with respect to knowledge and attitudes than those who planned to formula feed or mixed feed (FF + MF). Therefore, to encourage mothers to breastfeed and support breastfeeding, breastfeeding nutritional education is urgently needed among university students. In addition, nutrition education programs should promote the benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and the physiology and practical method of breastfeeding. Also a practical and culturally sensitive course about food and nutrition is recommended to inform participants about breastfeeding. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(2) : 240∼249, 2003)

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2021

Objective: To gather the opinions of hands-on workers for successful introduction of the Development Safety Update Report (DSUR) according to a five-year comprehensive plan for clinical trial development [Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 2019]. Methods: We conducted a survey on considerations that industry stakeholders may have related to the enforcement of the DSUR. A questionnaire was distributed among pharmacovigilance specialists from 13 pharmaceutical companies in South Korea on June 4, 2020. The questionnaire comprised two sections: 1) current status of the Drug Safety Data Management System and 2) considerations on the implementation and management of the DSUR. Results: All respondents have agreed the introduction of DSUR is inevitable for regulatory harmonization and safety of trial subject. However, most respondents (85%) felt concern about additional workload with DSUR implementation. They answered that format and operation system of DSUR should be harmonized with those of international standards and authorities need to minimize double burden due to related report. Conclusion: All respondents asserted that domestic DSUR should be harmonized with International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) E2F guidelines. Respondents from global companies also suggested regulatory authorities allow DSUR written in English to replace Korean version considering their deadline for submission. Moreover, every respondent agreed regulatory authorities need delicate effort when implementing mandatory submission of DSUR to ensure that even small pharmaceutical companies with no experience in DSUR can comply with the system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1052-1060
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• 2003

Poor dietary habits and inadequate nutrient intakes are of concern in the elderly, even it is worse in rural areas. In the present study, we conducted the anthropometric measurement and the dietary intakes including macronutrients, minerals and vitamins to assess the nutrient intakes and nutritional risk in elderly people in rural kyungpook province in South Korea. Subjects (n = 168, mean age, 67.3 yrs) were interviewed using d general questionnaire and 3 days of 24-hours recall for dietary intake. Nutrient intakes were analyzed using CAN-pro soft program and compared to Korean RDA and nutrition reference values (NRV). The anthropometric measurement showed that the weight and the height of the subjects in the rural area were below the average of the same age of Korean elderly people. The energy and protein intakes were 85％ and 90％ of Korean RDA, respectively. The intakes of lipid, cholesterol and dietary fiber were 62％, 40％ and 22％ of NRV for Korean adults. Main sources for protein and lipid intakes came from the vegetable sources and this pattern was more prominent in female elderly people. Ca intake was half of Korean RDA (56％), while P intake was 132％ of Korean RDA. For the antioxidant trace mineral (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Se) intakes, Fe and Zn intakes were 78％ and > 103％ of Korean RDA. Cu, Mn and Se intakes were > 113％, > 275％, and > 185％ of Korean NRV. Thiamin, niacin and vitamin C intakes were above Korean RDA, but the intakes of vitamin A and riboflavin were 88％ and 63％ of Korean RDA, respectively. On summarizing the results of the present study, the elderly people in rural area consume less lipid, cholesterol, Ca, and dietary fiber. Ca intake is lower, while P intake is higher, and this would be the potential risk for bone health. Also, Na intake was high, which can be the potential risk for the cardiovascular disease prevailance. Vitamin intakes were fairly good status, excepting riboflavin. Antioxidant mineral intakes were much higher than Korean NRV, unexpectedly. The results suggest that the elderly people in rural area have inadequate intakes of protein, lipid, dietary fiber and Ca, which mainly should be supplied from animal products. Recommendations to increase diet variety would be emphasized for this nutritionally poor-conditioned subjects, specially including animal food products and high dietary fiber food.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.330-335
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate residue levels of chlorantraniliprole and ethaboxam in inner part and outer leaves of a head-type Korean cabbage. Further, reduction of residues was measured after water washing, blanching and heat-cooking of the outer leaves. For chlorantraniliprole, residues in inner part and outer leaves were <0.01 mg/kg and 0.0757 mg/kg, respectively, in case of three-time spraying 30 days before harvest and <0.01 mg/kg and 1.19 mg/kg, respectively, in case of four-time spraying 10 days before harvest; for ethaboxam, <0.05 mg/kg and 0.216 mg/kg, respectively and <0.05 mg/kg and 1.18 mg/kg, respectively. Chlorantraniliprole and ethaboxam were not detected in inner part of the head-type Korean cabbage. Residue levels in outer leaves were very high as 10-100 fold as those in inner part of the cabbage. Therefore, there is no concern for safety of pesticide residues on kimchi prepared with the inner part of a head-type Korean cabbage. In addition, it needs to be noted that outer leaves should be carefully removed at harvest of the cabbage. Outer leaves water washed and blanched are called as Woogeogi, which is consumed after heat-cooking. In Woogeogi, residue concentrations of two compounds reduced to less than 10%, and further less than 5% by heat-cooking. This indicates that considerable amount of the test pesticide residues in outer leaves of a head-type Korean cabbage removed through water washing, blanching and heat-cooking.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.602-610
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• 2008

Purpose Acrylamide is present in significant quantities in a wide range of commonly consumed human foods. Carcinogenic risk of acrylamide through the consumption of food is a great public concern and in controversy, but it is not properly addressed due to the lack of evidence in humans. While a plenty of data is available on the carcinogenicity in animal models, the studies in humans are limited. Thus, the present study attempted to examine the carcinogenic potentials of acrylamide on the human epithelial cell, which is the target cell origin of the most cancers. Material and method & Result 1. Acrylamide was not cytotoxic up to $100{\mu}M$ as measured by MTT and LDH assays, indicating a relatively low toxicity of this substance in human epithelial cells. 2. The parameters of neoplastic cellular transformation such as cell saturation density, soft-agar colony formation and cell aggregation were analyzed to examine the carcinogenic potential of acrylamide. 3. The neoplastic transformation was further increased with the co-treatment of TPA 4. Antioxidants blocked the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) and the GSH depleting agent dramatically increased the ROS production. 5. mRNA levels of fibronectin following acrylamide exposure was increased in a dose-dependent manner, indicating a possible biomarker of acrylamide-induced cellular transformation. Conclusion The present study will provide a valuable basis to compare the interspecies differences in response to carcinogenic potentials of acrylamide. The data on the interspecies differences are essential element in human risk assessment. Thus, our results obtained from the human epithelial cells will contribute to improving the risk assessment of human neoplasm including oral cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.149-165
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• 2004

In Korea, as the elderly population is growing, the quality of life of the rural elderly is becoming a major concern. By the way, social welfare services is less available and accessible to the rural elderly. And we have very limited information about community -oriented welfare services for the elderly. The lack of social welfare services in rural area resulted from mainly geographic isolation and economic deprivation. So, the present research aimed at; 1) to explore what the social welfare service is benefited from governmental or local assembly. 2) to explore what kind of community services is provided for the rural village and elderly. 3) to appear the political propose for the rural elderly. In South Korea, The Rural Development Administration currently operate 'villages which is supported special programs for the improvement of QOL of rural elderly' in 110 villages. It is a model governmental welfare service for rural area. For the purpose, the survey data is gathered from community level data per village (107 villages), individual survey data(881people) who live in the village and qualitative data. Two kinds of quantitative data is combined to form a data. The statistical methods used for data analysis are descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. The major findings of this study were as follows : It was founded that the majority family type of the rural elderly is elderly-only households(75%). In case of poor elderly, they have very limited social insurance benefit and they can not get medical services with satisfaction. The result show that the welfare facilities per village and welfare service for the elderly is extremely low while the needs of welfare service is greate high. A distinctive characteristics in rural villages is that they receive a lot of services from private sectors, like as Women Farmers Union, Adult Union. They operate voluntary welfare services related to food supporting, education for the elderly, free haircut services and so on. In conclusion, the community care services from private sector has specialty in rural area. We conclude it is a distinguishing characteristic of rural community.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.36-49
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• 2010

This study was carried out to reduce children's sugar, natrium and fat intakes and establish their healthy lifestyle. To achieve these goals, we developed an educational web site and an e-learning system. The targets of this web site are children, parents and educators. This site has various information about sugar, natrium and fat, and has special menus for each target: such as the 'Let's study' for children, 'Guides for child's eating' for parents, and 'Educational softwares, Lesson plans/materials, and Textbooks/Teaching guides' for educators. We developed three nutrient characters and applied them to the web site. We provided information in the form of texts, images, flash and sounds. This site has special boards in 'Nutrition cafe' menu to interchange information or their successful stories between the connecters. We developed an e-learning system with two courses. One is for junior elementary students and the other is for senior students. Children can study each nutrient step by step in a course according to their academic ability and concern. Also, they can evaluate their academic achievement in this system, which was uploaded into 'Let's study' in children menu in the web site. Conclusively this web site and e-learning system could contribute to reducing children's sugar, natrium and fat intakes by helping children study them systematically and effectively by on-line system. We expect this e-learning system would be a new nutrition education system to make nutrition education more active.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to compare customers' perceptions of the need for a low-sodium diet and sodium-reduced operations in the industry foodservice by age. The relationships between health concerns and perceptions of the need for sodium-reduced operations and low-sodium diets in the industry foodservice were analyzed. Methods: A survey was conducted among 340 industry foodservice customers aged 20-50 years and residing in Seoul, Korea. This study investigated the respondents' health concerns, their perception of the need for sodium-reduced foodservice operations, their perception of a sodium-reduced diet, and the general details of the foodservices they used. A cross-tabulation analysis and ANOVA were performed to identify differences in measurement items by age, and a simple regression analysis was performed to examine relationships between measurement items. Results: For the customers' perception of the need for a sodium-reduced foodservice operation, the item "it is necessary to provide separate spices and sauces to reduce sodium intake" achieved the highest score (3.88 points out of a possible 5 points). For the perception of a sodium-reduced diet, the item "I think it is helpful for one's health" obtained the highest score (4.13 points). Respondents' health concerns had a positive effect on increasing the level of perception of the need for sodium-reduced foodservice operations and that of a sodium-reduced diet. Conclusions: Foodservice nutritionists could help enhance their customers' perceptions of the needs for sodium-reduced foodservice operations and sodium-reduced diets by frequently providing them with sodium-related health information.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.87-96
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• 2005

This survey was conducted to assess the perception of hazards and washing behavior of vegetables of 500 housewives in Korea. The subjects were selected by the stratified random sampling method. The survey was performed using a structured questionnaire through telephone interviews by skilled interviewers. Most people have bought vegetables and fruits in the supermarket or (traditional) markets rather than stores, department stores, or direct transactions. Eighteen percent of the subjects felt vegetables were secure and were not concerned about safety. But $42.8{\%}$ were concerned about vegetable safety. The perceptions of vegetable-related hazards differed significantly by the respondent's socioeconomic characteristics. Higher concern about vegetable safety was reported by subjects with higher income, children, and who usually buy vegetables in supermarkets or department stores. Most subjects ($88.6{\%}$) perceived that residues of chemical substances such as pesticides were the most significant potential vegetable risk factor, followed by heavy metal, and pathogens. Housewives mainly rinsed vegetables in flowing-water ($85.2{\%}$ of subjects), 3${\~}$4 times ($63.8{\%}$ of subjects), and without detergent ($90.6{\%}$). Subjects believed that hazards decreased by blanching or boiling vegetables rather than washing. Subjects realized more or less correctly the removal rate of pesticide and pathogen through the washing and cooking processes. However, the removal rate of heavy metals was less than subjects thought it would be. Therefore, the scientifically assessed results on safety in the washing and cooking process should be opened to the public to provide the right-to-know and assure confidence in consumers.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.973-977
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• 2009

The tracing system means that the system can follows, traces, and records every steps of production and delivery of goods and its ingredient. Specially, Koreans have big concern about food tracing system which is influential for health directly. We were more interested in medical herb using in oriental medicine than any other things. We proposed the process and design of tracing system for medical herb based on RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) technology in this research. This study shows current medical herb tracing ways and RFID code system by using for world standard. Firstly, We designed the new process of traceability of medical herb with various preceding references based on RFID technology. Secondly we suggest that RFID code configuration using the international standard code(ISO code) and korean agricultural and marine products code for the proposed process. RFID code system is very important because this plays a means of identification for tracing about medical herb. The proposed code system have the elements as Issuing Agency Code, Issuer Number, inspection information, inheritance flag, area code, modified agricultural and marine products code, serial number in 96 Bit length. Lastly We defined the code-generation process in the tracing system.