• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.15.1-15.5
• /
• 2016

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, nitrogen-free extract, and energy in selected carbohydrate sources including wheat flour (WF), ${\alpha}-potato$ starch (PS), ${\alpha}-corn$ starch (CS), Na alginate (AL), dextrin (DEX), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were determined for olive flounder. The olive flounder averaging $150{\pm}8.0g$ were held in 300-L tanks at a density of 30 fish per tank. Chromic oxide was used as the inert marker. Feces were collected from the flounder by a fecal collector attached to a fish rearing tank. Apparent dry matter and energy digestibilities of flounder fed WF, PS, CS, and DEX diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed AL and CMC diets. Apparent crude protein digestibility coefficients of flounder fed PS and CS diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed AL, DEX, and CMC diets. Apparent crude lipid and nitrogen-free extract digestibility coefficients of flounder fed PS and DEX diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed WF, CS, AL, and CMC diets. The present findings indicate that PS and DEX could be effectively used as dietary carbohydrate energy compared to WF, CS, AL, and CMC for olive flounder.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.16-22
• /
• 1986

This study was designed to investigate the nutritional effect of mugowrt powder supple mentation to rice diets with different protein levels. Thirty female albino rats weighing 39-43g were adopted for the feeding trial for 4 weeks. The different 5 kind of experimental diets were performed . Control diet was commercially available forage for rats, experimental diet (I-C) highly milled rice, (Ⅰ) highly milled rice 95% and mugwort powder 5%, (Ⅱ-C)highly milled rice 95% and milk casein 5%, and (Ⅱ) highly milled rice 90%, milk casein 5 % and mugwort powder 5%. Growth rate was remarkably high in the dietary group fed on highly milled rice supplemented with 5% mugwort powder (protein 8%) (P<0.05), but it showed the tendency to be rather low in the group fed on highly milled rice supplemented with 5% casein and 5% mugwort powder (protein 12%). Food efficiency as well as protein efficiency appeared similar to the growth rate. Hematodcrit level demonstrated the same tendency as growth rate, but hemoglobin content was observed to increase by diets supplemented with increasing amount of mugwort regardless of protein level. Each nutrient intake was increased by adding mugwort powder to diets after a week's feeding, but it was increased by 8% protein diet, and decreased by 12% protein diet in 3 weeks as well as 4 weeks after feeding . The absorption rate of carbohydrate and protein decreased by feeding mugwort supplemented diets regardless of protein level and feeding period, and that of lipid increased with 12% protein diet.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.30-34
• /
• 1998

Rotifer culture fed on five types of artificial microparticle diets were evaluated to substitute the natural diets such as Chlorella or w-yeast. These microparticle diets including solidified blood using squid oil (SBSO), solidified blood using soybean oil (SBSB), nylon protein walled particle (NPW) simple coacervation oil capsule (SCO), complex coacervation oil capsule(CCO), were tested for the evaluation of feeding efficiency. The prepared micro particle diets had diameters ranging from 3 to 30 Jim. Rotifer culturing experiments were carried out in 3-liter beakers for 13-16 days. The initial inoculum density of rotifers was 10 ind./ml. The rotifers fed on Chlorella or $\omega-yeast$ showed maximal densities of 2,000 ind./ml in 9 days or 500 ind./ml in 7 days, respectively. Those fed on SBSO, SBSB or NPW showed maximal densities of 1568 ind./ml, 586 ind./ml or 503 ind./ml, respectively and the reproductive rates for those diets were equivalent to or better than w-yeast. However, the coacervated oil capsule showed lower maximal densities of 400 ind./ml for SCO and less than 100 ind./ml for CCO due to the unbalanced diet formulation and indigestibility.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.367-372
• /
• 2002

This study investigated the effects of dietary soy protein and Ca on the lipid profiles of rats fed fat-enriched diets. Rats were divided into two groups and fed either a casein-low Ca (Exp I) or ISP-high Ca diet (Exp II) for a control period of 4 weeks. The two groups of rats were again subdivided into 4 groups and fed one of 4 experimental diets for another 4 weeks. The experimental diets consisted of 18% beef tallow and 1 % cholesterol, in which either 20 % casein or ISP with one of two levels of Ca, high (1 %) or low (0.1 %). The concentrations of total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride in serum, liver and feces were determined. At the end of the control period, the serum total lipid and cholesterol concentrations were low in the rats fed ISP-high Ca diet (67~76% and 83~86%). During the next 4 week period, these concentrations remained significantly lower in rats fed the diets containing ISP and high Ca compared with those on casein and low Ca diets (p ＜ 0.05). Total lipid and cholesterol concentrations in feces were significantly higher in the ISP-high Ca dietary group at 4 weeks, and high in both high Ca groups at 8 weeks. This study demonstrates that both soy protein and Ca reduce serum and liver cholesterol, triglyceride, and total lipid in rats fed fat-enriched diet, and that they have an additive effect when combined.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.231-235
• /
• 2010

The effects of various natural antioxidant sources on oxidation of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and fish diet during storage was determined. Juvenile fish were distributed among 18 flow-through tanks (40 fish per tank). Six experimental diets were prepared in triplicate: control (CT), antitox (AT), green tea extract (GE), fig extract (FE), Haeroc product (HP) and by-product of green tea (BG). The experimental diets were stored at two temperatures: room temperature ($26.8^{\circ}C$) for 14 days and frozen ($-30^{\circ}C$) for 16 weeks. Thirty fish were sampled from each tank at the end of the 8-week feeding trial. Whole bodies of fish were homogenized and stored in a home freezer ($-9.6^{\circ}C$) for 24 weeks. Acid values (AVs) and peroxide values (POVs) of the diets and frozen fish during storage were monitored. AVs of the experimental diets tended to increase with the storage period except for that of the HP diet at room temperature. POVs from FE, CT, and BG diets peaked at day 7 and then decreased through the remainder of the experiment. AVs of the experimental diets and fish increased with time at $-30^{\circ}C$ and $-9.6^{\circ}C$. Results of this study show that by-products of green tea and Haeroc product seem to have potential as antioxidants in fish feed to inhibit oxidation of both the feed and fish during storage.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.58-64
• /
• 2000

Obesity is a global pandemic that is increasing throughout most of the world. Increases in obesity are not restricted to highly industrialized countries, but have been observed in newly developed and developing countries as well. Obesity is associated with increased risk for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and some types of cancer. Tragically, eliminating food shortages in developing countries may result in substituting heart disease, diabetes, and cancer for malnutrition. There are many approaches to reducing obesity, including dietary modification, surgical interventions, and drug therapies. However, only dietary modification has the potential to be effective on a global scale. Public health measures in the United States have sought to reduce obesity by reducing the intake of dietary fat. While these efforts have succeeded in reducing dietary fat, obesity has continued to increase, suggesting that moderate fat reduction may not be effective. Other proposed diets include low-carbohydrate diets, low glycemic index diets, and very low fat diets. While all of these diets may be effective for some people, they are not satisfactory for public health policy. In fact, the ratio of fat to carbohydrate may not be as important as previously believed. Humans may be well suited to adapt to diets as varied as a high carbohydrate tropical diet consisting mostly of fruits to the high fat Eskimo diet consisting largely of animal foods. Either extreme may be healthful if providing adequate, but not excessive, energy and adequate amounts of micronutrients. Public health measures may need to focuss on reducing the overconsumption of inexpensive and convenient foods.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 1972

사료 조성에 건물량의 반량가량 상엽분말을 혼합하여 조제한 인공사료육에서 좋은 성적은 얻지못했다고 할지라도 인공사료육은 가능하며 앞으로의 연구에 기대한다. 특히 무균사육은 잠사과학 연구 발전에 공헌할 수 있을 줄 생각된다. (1) 발육속도가 부진한것은 사육온도와 사료의 물리적성질과도 관계가 있다고 생각되며 사료의 수분율은 높고 누에의 사육온도는 섭식을 촉진할수 있는 생리에 크게 해롭지 않는 적온 내지 3$0^{\circ}C$의 고온이 좋다고 생각된다. (2) 무균사육잠의 발육은 자연폭로의 인공사육잠보다 완만하며 이것은 방부제에 의한 장해라고 생각된다.

• 현장농수산연구지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.3-20
• /
• 2015

Vitamin A exerts a broad range of effects on many essential life processes. But, since vitamin A is known to negatively affect the development of adipocytes, extensive research has been conducted to improve marbling score in beef cattle by feeding vitamin A-deficient diets. In Japan, the method of fattening Wagyu cattle using vitamin A-deficient diets has been widely adapted. Recently, the method of feeding vitamin A-deficient diets in Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) has been spread by feed companies and TMR plants. But proper guidelines in feeding vitamin A-deficient diets should be provided, otherwise it can adversely affect the health of cattle. To maximize marbling score, a controlled level of vitamin A in blood needs to be maintained and the proper period for feeding vitamin A-deficient diets should be adapted. This review was conducted to highlight the regulatory effects of vitamins A on adipocyte differentiation, and offer a potential guideline for improving beef quality grades in Hanwoo.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.140-146
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary oxidized oil and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol level on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder. To prepare oxidized diets, squid liver oil was oxidized by aeration at $25^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The six diets were prepared to contain 6% fresh or oxidized squid liver oil as the lipid sources in combination with three levels of ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate at 0, 80 and 800 mg/kg diet. Triplicate groups of fish ($3.9{\pm}0.1$) were fed to apparent satiation twice a day for 8 weeks. Survival was not significantly different among treatments. Weight gain, feed efficiency, daily feed intake, protein efficiency ratio and condition factor of fish fed the fresh oil diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the oxidized oil diets (P<0.05). The increase of the vitamin E level in diets did not result in any significant improvement on growth performance of fish fed both oil diets. The vitamin E content of the liver and dorsal muscle increased with increasing dietary vitamin E level at both oil diet groups. A decreasing trend in vitamin E content of the tissues was observed in fish fed the oxidized oil diets at the same dietary vitamin E level. Significantly higher moisture content and lower crude lipid content were observed in the whole body of fish fed the oxidized oil diets than fish fed the fresh oil diets (P<0.05). Dietary lipid source affected the fatty acid content of the whole body; higher contents of saturated and monoenoic fatty acids, and lower n-3 HUFA contents such as 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were observed in fish fed the oxidized oil diets than those of fish fed fresh oil diets. The results of this study suggest that the dietary oxidized oil may impair the growth performance, and an increase in ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate supplementation have no beneficial effect on growth and feed efficiency of juvenile flounder.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.417-424
• /
• 1997

전복 실험용 배합사료의 효능과 배합사료 성형시 염화칼슘 수용액 농도와 침적시간에 따른 효과를 조사하기 위하여 단백질과 에너지원으로 카제인, 북양어분, 대두박, 소맥분, 건조미역 분말, 오징어간유와 대두유를 첨가하고 점착제로 알긴산나트륨을 21% 사용한 실험 배합사료를 설계하여 5%, 10% 및 15%의 염화칼슘($CaCl_2$) 수용액에 각각 10초, 20초 및 60초간 담구어 알긴산나트륨을 칼슘염으로 치환시킨 9종의 실험 배합사료를 제조하였다. 또한, 외국산 배합사료 2종류, 생사료(건조미역) 및 배합사료와 생사료 혼합구를 설정하여 실험 배합사료와 비교하였다. 평균체중 0.3 g의 참전복 치패를 각 사료당 3 반복으로 17주간 사육 실험함 결과, 최종 평균체중, 증체율 및 생존률은 건조미역 공급구가 낮은 값을 보였으며, 그 외 실험구는 실험구간에 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 평균 가식부 중량은 15% $CaCl_2$ 수용액에 각각 10초, 20초 및 60초간 담구어 알긴산나트륨을 칼슘염으로 치환시킨 9종의 실험 배합사료를 제조하였다.CaCl 하(2) 수용액에 10초간 처리한 실험구와 건조미역구가 낮은 값을 보였으나 체중에 대한 가식부의 무게에서는 모든 실험구에서 차이를 보이지 않았다. 실험 종료시 수분, 단백질 및 회분 함량은 사료에 영향을 받지 않았으나 (P>0.05), 지질함량은 외국산 배합사료가 첨가된 실험구에서 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 배합사료를 성형할 때 염화칼슘의 농도와 침적시간은 전복의 성장과 체성분에 큰 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났으며, 본 실험에서 설계된 배합사료는 건조미역보다 성장효과가 높았고 외국 시판사료와 그 성능이 동등한 것으로 나타나 차후 참전복 배합사료 연구에서 대조사료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.