• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.2
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• pp.224-232
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• 2019

The movement of fish to the upper and the lower parts of a mountain stream was investigated based on the installation of specific types of structures within the stream. The results indicated that as the flow rate increases after a rain, the height of the drop in an open-type structure, such as a concrete box, is decreased so that the floating fishes, such as the Chinese minnow fish, move relatively easily from the upper to the lower parts and from the lower to the upper parts of the stream. In contrast, the fishes released from an upper point of a wall-type structure with <1 m, such as rocks drop works and stone masonry for stream-grade stabilization, were trapped in the lower part of the stream and, even after the rainy season, it was difficult for the fish to move from the lower to the upper parts of the stream. In particular, the barrier-type structures ${\geq}3m$ limit the movement of fish, even when there are few drainage holes at the lower end of the dam, and there is no space for the fishes to communicate with each other, even when the flow rate is high; therefore, although the fish are active, they are restricted to move according to the type and characteristics of the structures. When installing structures in a mountain stream, the height of the structure must be low enough to allow the fish to communicate with each other or an open-type structure must be installed. The fish habitat and water conditions within the stream must be considered when designing the type and height of the in-stream structures.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.48-63
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• 2015

This study began with the purpose of awakening an interest in Korean Nu-jung and seeking application plan based on Nu-jung of Aneuisamdong. Also it intends to suggest activation plan of Nu-jung while using the culture of taste for the arts and classical scholar of ancestors with the physical place named Nu-jung as the medium. As concrete ways to activate Nu-jung, we suggested plans which use the game of go(Baduk), main material of the culture of taste for the arts and classical scholar, and increase availability by planning a program adding picturesqueness of Nu-jung. By bringing the material named the game of go(Baduk) to the place named Nu-jung, we suggested the plan capable of experiencing the culture of taste for the arts and classical scholar and also expecting local promotion and economical effect. And the plan is to design and conduct night program, 1 night 2 days program, tailored program, and so on by combining the material of the culture of taste for the arts and classical scholar with the medium named 'Dal(the moon)' in the static place named Nu-jung. The plans above are applicable to most of Nu-jung scattered all over the country, which means that we have a lot of Nu-jung in Korea and, at the same time, we have abundant contents to be used as cultural properties. Now it's important how to develop and use these contents through the connection with various academic fields in terms of managing cultural properties. By understanding the value of the original form of culture while emerging from simply using cultural properties, we can use cultural properties in a higher level. For this, preserving cultural properties should be supported by continuous interdisciplinary study.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.93-113
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• 2019

The behavior of the 3 hinged precast arch structure was investigated by comparing field measurements with numerical analyses performed for precast lining arch structures, which are widely used for the open-cut tunnel. According to the field measurements, the maximum vertical displacement occurred at the crown with upward displacements during the backfilling up to the crown of the arch and downward displacements at the backfill height above the crown. The final crown displacement was 19 mm upward from the original position. The horizontal displacement at the sidewall, which had a maximum horizontal displacement, occurred inward of the arch when compacting the backfill up to the crown and returned to the original position after completing the backfill construction. According to the analysis of displacement measurements, economical design is expected to be possible for precast arch structures compared to rigid concrete structures due to ground-structure interactions. Duncan model gave good results for the estimation of displacements and deformed shape of the tunnel according to the numerical analyses comparing with field measurements. The earth pressure coefficients calculated from the numerical analyses were 0.4 and 0.7 for the left and the right side of the tunnel respectively, which are agreed well with the eccentric load acting on the tunnel due to topographical condition and actual field measurements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.158-171
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• 2018

The purpose of this research was to examine the attitudes toward science on geology and satisfaction of education according to the stage of cognitive development of middle school students mainly on the geoscience education program of IS-GEO(International School for Geoscience and Mineral Resources) which is the KIGAM(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) and to see what kind of correlation it shows between these. The subjects of research are 139 out of 282 students who participated in the geoscience education program conducted at the IS-GEO which is a KIGAM in 2018 by random sampling. Therefore, the research results are as follows. First, the concrete operational stage was 44%, the transition stage was 32%, the formal operational stage was 24%, 76% of the middle school student's cognitive development level didn't reach at the formal operational stage. Also, attitudes towards science on geology indicated statistically significant differences in the sub-region in "Geology-related science class", "Suburban geological science class", "Recognition of geological science and technology". Second, there was no statistically significant difference in educational satisfaction depending on the stages of every cognitive development. In other words, all participants at the cognitive stages showed high satisfaction with the geological education program which progresses at the IS-GEO, which is the KIGAM. Third, the correlation between educational satisfaction and attitudes toward science on geology showed a statistically meaningful static correlation. Therefore, attitudes toward science on geology can be positively displayed that participants who participated in geoscience education program and training of the IS-GEO have high satisfaction of education in science behavioral system.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2007

In this study, quantitative sensitivity analysis on rockfill material influencing the dam crest settlement of CFRD (Concrete-Faced Rockfill Dam) subjected to earthquake loading was carried out. The purpose of this study is to indicate the most important input parameter from the results of sensitivity analysis, to show the quantitative variation of settlement at the crest of CFR type dam during earthquake with this input parameter, and to recommend the approximate estimation method of the settlement on the crest of CFRD subjected to earthquake loading. The statistic characteristics of rockfill parameters which were obtained from large triaxial tests were evaluated. The total 108 dynamic numerical analyses (2 input earthquake, 2 magnitudes for each earthquake, 27 rockfill material property combinations) on CFRD were conducted. The global sensitivity analysis was carried out using the results of numerical analysis. From the sensitivity analysis, It was found that the crest settlement of the CFRD subjected to earthquake was absolutely affected by the shear modulus of rockfill material irrespective of the input earthquakes and the magnitude of input acceleration. On the contrary, it was found that the effect of cohesion and friction angle of rockfill was negligible. From the results of sensitivity analysis and numerical analysis, the approximate estimation method of the settlement on the crest of CFRD subjected to earthquake loading was recommended on condition that the rockfill shear modulus and simple dam information was known.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2006

For the last decade, the hi-directional testing method has been advantageous over the conventional pile load testing method in many aspects. However, because the hi-directional test uses a loading mechanism entirely different from that of the conventional pile load testing method, many investigators and practicing engineers have been concerned that the hi-directional test would give inaccurate results, especially about the pile head settlement behavior. Therefore, a hi-directional load test and the conventional top-down load test were executed on 1.5 m diameter cast-in-situ concrete piles at the same time and site. Strain gauges were placed on the piles. The two tests gave similar load transfer curves at various depth of piles. However, the top-down equivalent curve constructed from the hi-directional load test results predicted the pile head settlement under the pile design load to be about one half of that predicted by the conventional top-down load test. To improve the prediction accuracy of the top-down equivalent curve, a simple method that accounts for the pile compression is proposed. It was also shown that the strain gauge measurement data from the hi-directional load test could reproduce almost the same top-down curve.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was done to investigate the relationship of drinking and Dampness-Phlegm pattern in acute stroke patients. Methods : In the time of period Mar. 2007 to Jun. 2007, 103 patients with stroke admitted in the department of Internal Medicine of Kyungwon University Seoul Oriental Medical Hospital, Kyungwon University Incheon Oriental Medical Hospital, Kyunghee University Oriental Medical Hospital, Dongguk Il-san Oriental Medical Hospital were included. Patients were hospitalized within a month after the onset of stroke. Stroke patients were interviewed by residents who studied standard operation procedures in Fundamental Study for Standardization and Objectification of Differentiation and Pattern Identification of Syndrome of Oriental Medicine for Stroke. A questionnaire was completed by a question-and-answer form between patients and residents after explanation details to patients and the agreement of patients. Results : Drinking subjects have tendency of Dampness-Phlegm Pattern(p=0.096), but don't have statistical significance(p<0.05). Conclusions : In this study, we found the relationship of drinking and Dampness-Phlegm Pattern. To acquire more concrete conclusion on this theme, we need more research.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was done to investigate the relationship between Sasang constitution and the facial skin in acute stroke patients Methods : In the time of period Mar. 2007 to Jun. 2007, 103 patients with stroke admitted in the department of Internal Medicine of Kyungwon University Seoul Oriental Medical Hospital, Kyungwon University Incheon Oriental Medical Hospital, Kyunghee University Oriental Medical Hospital, Dongguk Il-san Oriental Medical Hospital were included. We assessed the type of Sasang constitution, and the type of Sasang constitution of 51 patients were confirmed. We investigated general characteristics, stroke type and the relationship between Sasang constitution and the facial skin. Results : The color of face have no significant differences by Sasang constitution. But So-yang have blue and purple colored lips than So-eum and Tae-eum have. Conclusions : In this study, we found the relationship between Sasang constitution and the facial skin in acute stroke patients. But it seems necessary to investigate more cases to concrete conclusion on this theme.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.40-50
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• 2023

Quality control (QC) is an essential work for the successful construction project execution. Recently, robust application of ICT to the QC tasks leads to utilizing innovative technologies and equipment. However, overall planing of QC works needs to take place before applying new technologies to each and individual QC task. The objectives of this research involve developing a database and an algorithm that identifies QC tasks and related information upfront. In addition, the researchers developed a methodology to generate inspection tasks in conjunction with construction work tasks. The Korean Ministry of Land and Transportation provides standard supervision checklists. They were classified based on criteria of inspection items, methods, period and the scope. Reinforced concrete work was selected as a case study for validation of the method. This framework can function when planing construction tasks with any type of planning tools and innovative technologies. The researchers expect this framework may contribute to various construction projects when developing QC plans and tasks with applicable technologies.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 2023

Rather than an abstract discourse, the purpose of this study is to outline the core concepts in the 2015 revised curriculum as a concrete teaching and learning method in the school context. We interviewed eight secondary science teachers and reported their perceptions and perspectives on core concepts using a backward design model based on the cyclical process of the platform, deliberation, and design for developing teaching and learning materials to understand core concepts. The participants perceived these core concepts differently, such as big ideas corresponding to the ultimate principle, minimum science concepts required for daily life, and primary and significant key concepts. In addition, this affects the association of teaching and learning. When core concepts are understood as transferable and expandable big ideas, there is a tendency to focus on the relationship between concepts and design project learning in a specific direction. However, if core concepts are identified as minimum science concepts at the level of science literacy, that can be recalled within the context of life, there is a tendency to emphasize on activities that make a meaningful difference to the lives of students with focus on case studies that are relevant to everyday life. Once core concepts are identified as key scientific content elements, such as basic or significant concepts, teachers recognize that it is essential to emphasize concept changes by correcting misconceptions, acquiring accurate scientific knowledge, and developing problem-solving items through paper-and-pencil evaluation. As the 2015 revised curriculum is finalized and the 2022 revised curriculum is scheduled for release, effective policy support is required to ensure that the curriculum is revised, which emphasizes the purpose of big ideas by naming core concepts as core ideas, to be stably implemented in schools.