• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.371-377
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• 2008

A design pattern is a general reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software design. A design pattern is not a finished design that can be transformed directly into code. It is a description or template for how to solve a problem that can be used in many different situations. Moreover, the name of pattern itself also can be a kind of common language among developers and patterns can be easily imported to various applications demanding similar requirements. In this paper, we present models of CBTC onboard system which follows ERTMS/ETCS specifications and present patterns applied to our system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.53-56
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• 2008

Polyvinylchloride(PVC) is variously used to produce food packaging, wrap film, sealing compound of drinking bottle cap. Safety of these PVC food package is controlled by Food Code, PVC regulation. This study was carried out researches on manufacture process, physical, chemical properties and monomer(CAS No., common name, molecular structure) of PVC to help the understanding of PVC material. Also, this study helps us the understanding of regulation through researches on the foundation of PVC regulation, the purpose of test and the comment of test method. It is considered that these informations of material properties and explanations of test method are very useful to PVC producers, users and analyzers of them.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1731-1736
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• 2004

The purpose of this article is to introduce a useful methodology of effective goal-setting for the team-level units. As a way to overcome some common symptoms in terms of Strategic Performance Evaluation System such as lack of knowledge on goal-setting, disconnection of process, problem of judging the degree of difficulty about objectives, limits of staff departments evaluation, fairness and authority of evaluators, weakness in coaching technique, and quantity or figure-oriented evaluation, to name a few, and to seek a more plausible goal-setting methodology, the author suggests a persuasive goal-setting concept: VAR(Value-Added Results). VAR, as the end-results, is the team contributions that add value to the organization, and it results from the team's activities. In addition to these goal-setting technique based on the concept of value-added results, several aspects should be improved for Strategic Performance Evaluation System to be implemented more effectively. They are: 1) shift from MBO to MP & D(Managing Performance & Development), 2) impartial exercise of evaluation authority as a organizational public assets, 3) reinforcement of maternal leadership and servantship instead of paternal leadership, 4) utilization of IT-based evaluation system.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.683-688
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• 1994

The most common cause of spontaneous pneumothorax is a ruptured bleb, which occurs mostly in young patients and they are usually treated by tube thoracostomy. Recurrence frequently occurs and these patients require some form of surgical intervention. From March 1990 to February 1994, we have experienced 19 cases of recurrent pneumothorax in 16 patients among 347 patients who underwent 423 surgical interventions. The name of first operation after thoracotomy were bullectomy in 4 cases, bullectomy and pleurodesis in 3 cases, bullectomy, pleurodesis in addition to application of tissue sealant in 1 case. Thoracoscopic operations were performed as follows: bullectomy in 2 cases,electroablation plus tissue sealant in 4 cases, electroablation, tissue sealant and pleurodesis in 1 case,and in 4 cases, only tissue sealant was applied. The average age of patients are 21.5 years, and bilaterally operated patients and patients. who received tissue sealant or tissue sealant plus electrocauterization only had higher incidence of recurrence. The patients who needed chest tube insertion longer than 5 days after the first operation were 52.6 %, and 82.3 % recurred within one month of the first operation.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.87-100
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• 2017

The ontological status of Newtonian space-time has been debated under the name of substantivalism-relationism controversy. The debates between the two parties are concerned with the nature of existence of space-time. Substantivalism maintains that the points of space-time have existence analogous to material substance. Relationism claims that space-time should be understood as the framework of possible spatio-temporal relations between bodies. Newtonian space is considered as a three dimensional entity in accordance with our geometric common sense. Yet given that the concept of motion is defined as the change of position throughout time, it is possible to interpret space-time as a 4 dimensional entity. In this essay, substantivalist-relationist debate is considered within the context of non-relativistic 4 dimensional space-time theory. This essay attempts to clarify the dispute over the ontology of space-time by elucidating the relationship between the ontology of space-time, motion, and space-time symmetry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1976

Though it is not easy for those who study dendrology to memorize all the scientific names of trees, the names remaines in their memory can facilitate the understanding of foreign technical books. The scientific name of a tree indicates characteristics of shape, color, and other aspects of the tree and by analyzing the name we can see common element found in other scientific names of trees. It is helpful to those who want to memorize and study the scientific names of trees if they understand their etymology. The preseut study is the seconds report of the investigation which aims at examining the etymology of the scientific names of native and foreign trees growing in Korea and their original names not only at the habitat but in Japan, China, England, Germany, and France. While the first report, which was made known in Theses Vol. 9. (The City College of Seoul 1975), is the examination of the scientific names of trees belonging to Gymnospermae, the present report is that of scientific names of trees belonging to Piperales: 2 families, 2 genera and 2 species; and trees belonging to Salicales: 1 family, 3 genera, 44 species, 16 varieties, and 3 forms. As the etymology of the scientific names of trees is made clear, this study will help those who want memorize the scientific names and study foreign technical books and it is also useful for international interchange of trees. The classification is depended chiefly on Dendrology by Prof. Lee Tchang-bok and "Plant Resources of Korea" shown in Biblography No. 10; the native names of trees on Jumoku Daizusetsu by Dr. Uehara; and etymology on A source-Book of Biological Names and Terms by E.C. Jager. In the column of etymology of the scientific names for genera, species, varieties and forms, Gr. stands for Greek, L. for Latin, NL. for New Latin, and genit. for genitive.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.6
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• pp.473-484
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• 2013

Shorten URL service is the method of using short URL instead of long URL, it redirect short url to long URL. While the users of microblog increased rapidly, as the creating and usage of shorten URL is convenient, shorten url became common under the limited length of writing on microblog. E-mail, SMS and books use shorten URL well, because of its simplicity. But, there is no relativeness between the most of shorten URLs and their target URLs, user can not expect the target URL. To cover this problem, there is attempts such as changing the shorten URL service name, inserting the information of website into shorten URL, and the usage of shortcode of physical address. However, each ones has the limits, so these are the trouble of automation, relatively long address, and the narrowness of applicable targets. SHRT is complementary to the attempts, as getting the idea from the writing system of Arabic. Though the writing system of Arabic has no vowel alphabet, Arabs have no difficult to understand their writing. This paper proposes SHRT, new method of URL Shortening. SHRT makes user guess the target URL using Relative word of the lowest domain of target URL without vowels.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.65
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• pp.51-70
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• 2015

The Rotterdam Rules are not phrased in favour of FOB seller's legal status. Whether it will be wise under the Rotterdam Rules to trade on the basis of cash against M/R largely depends on the interpretation of various provisions of the Rotterdam Rules. To protect his interests the M/R holder and his assigns must have a right of delivery of the cargo at the port of destination. The M/R holder and his assigns must be entitled to the bill of lading or at least be able to prevent the carrier from issuing the bill of lading to the shipper. Besides, any additional right of instruction on the part of the shipper must be blocked. Article 35 of the Rules entitles only the shipper to the bill of lading while 47 entitles only the holder of the bill of lading to delivery. When no bill of lading has been issued Article 45 grants to the shipper a right of instruction whereby the shipper is allowed to advise the carrier as to the name and the address of the consignee. I have suggested that by lack of a specific provision to the contrary the Rotterdam Rules have to be considered to be embedded in the system of law as a whole. From the Common Law it follows that a M/R holder, as owner of the cargo, can ask for delivery of the cargo. As owner of the cargo a M/R holder can also claim the bill of lading, if he does so in time, because it must be implied in the contract of carriage that the carrier must deliver the bill of lading to the owner of the goods. It is for the same reason that a M/R holder can prevent the carrier from issuing the bill of lading to any third party but the M/R holder and from taking instructions from the shipper as to name and address of a consignee other than the M/R holder.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.291-322
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• 1999

The world of today faces a radical change, a new revolution, by the spread of the Internet. It is used not only for advertising but also for the exclusive rights in the field of information and communication, in add to the way of developing everyday our lives with world news, home-shopping, on-line education and so on. Actually, since the Internet Domain's Name(IDN) is unique over the world, the individual and the companies which provide information through the Internet have a keen competition to make a good IDN to memorize and organize all available information provided them. As a result, there are an increasing number of the cases where one company files suit against another for the validity of it's IDN so the policy to arbitrate and solute the cases is required. This paper is going to introduce the structure and the system of management for IDN. It will also discuss the efficient management of IDN, various case analysis of the dispute restraint and solutions, and the movement of improving the management procedure of IDN in WIPO. So we suggest to examine common disputes among IDN uses and solution methods for future problem at EC times. Therefore we have to establish the dispute solution system. Here are the two methods : one is that to establish a dispute solution organization. This organization which can conduct the new dispute solution procedure differs from the existing legislation system. The other is that to establish a dispute solution procedure i.e. the various dispute solution procedure for efficient dispute solution : council, inspection, mediation and arbitration. This procedure is conducted on-line due to features of the IDN disputes, also along with the current legislation system and the International dispute solution procedure. Because there is possibility the IDN disputes usually are connected with other countries. As there is no specific disputes solution procedure so far, we have to wait while development occurs that also striving to be coherent with and between the domestic and International solution procedure by helping to establish the International dispute solution procedure.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.34
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• pp.172-195
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• 2001

This research on the house folklore in China, Korea, and Japan is focusing on a kitchen God that is common in these three countries. This god originated in China and has subsequently influenced Korea and Japan. Today, all three countries use the same name of this kitchen god which is called Youngwang(竈王) as its name has been spelled in Chinese. In China, this kitchen god has been believed in two different ways. The Han people have developed their belief in Youngwang while another creed has been originated from other ethnic groups. Because of the particular house style with upper stories of ethnic groups in the southern and southeast areas of China, a kitchen fireplace is centered in the house. Han people in China also worship painted depictions of kitchen gods. And the ethnic groups believe it has three stone legs for a fire box. These differing beliefs has bad influenced on Korea and Japan. The kitchen god of Cheju island (off the south Korea coast) is believed to be almost the same as among the ethnic groups in China Interestingly, form of belief in the kitchen god in Okinawa (off the south coast of Japan) is almost identical as in the southern area of China Custom in China. Korea, and Japan regarding the kitchen god symbolized family values healing, initiating a new daughter-in-law to reveging the kitchen god, etc. are all the very similar. A fireplace and its fire are very important and, have many taboo, attached. Existing rich tales of kitchen gods are similar in the three countries. Moreover, people in the three countries, think that the clay or time plaster of the fireplace with bring good luck on New Year's eve. However, Korea kitchen god features one thing that is different from those China and Japan, that is that water symbolizes the kitchen god in Korea. A painted kitchen god as they are popular in China, has influenced only some Buddhist temples in Korea.