• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.267-280
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• 2016

Customer Experience Management (CEM) appeared as a complementary solution to overcome CRM limitations. CEM enhances profitability through building long-term relations with customers by understanding their experiences. This study aims at investigating the impact of customer experience quality on the willingness to pay more through customer satisfaction in the hotel businesses. The survey for this study was carried out on customers who had domestic hotel experience s within the last 6 months. Out of the 306 questionnaires retrieved, 225 valid responses were used for the empirical analysis that utilizied the statistical package programs SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The research findings may be summarized as follows. First, as an outcome of the research hypothesis that each component of customer experience management would influence satisfaction, 'the peace of mind' & 'the moment of truth' were shown to have a significantly positive (+) impact on it. On the other hand, 'the product experience' was shown not to significantly influence it in a positive (+) way. Second, as an outcome of the research hypothesis that satisfaction would influence willingness to pay more. From the findings of the study, theoretical implications are as follows. It can be predicted that customer experience management will likely make customers more profitable because customers are willing to pay more with a sense of loyalty built through satisfaction of the hotel industry. In the practical implications, the dimension of experience quality examined by the study can be used as an index to measure and manage customer experience in the hotel industry.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1125-1147
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• 2014

This study was conducted to develop the health evaluation indicator of pond wetland in order to enhance the quality of eco-experience in rural area. The methods for development of evaluation indicator were consisted of 3 stages; 1st, the precedent assessment protocol was applied to 10 pond wetlands in farm villages, and eco-experience expert survey was conducted to selection the evaluation item and criteria at 2nd and 3rd stages. In the results of applying the precedent assessment protocol, we found out two problems; 1) the evaluation result of value determination and conservation value were too simple, and 2) the score by evaluation items were nearly the same, because evaluation criteria in not precisely for application in rural area. These results were reflected to expert survey. According to the 1st survey results, they suggested that 4 items should be maintained, and 3 items should be deleted, and 2 items should be modified among a total of 9 times. Therefore, it was modified into the evaluation protocol having a total of 8 items. According to the 2nd survey results, the selected evaluation items were generally proper. With regard to items for assessing the health condition of pond wetland, we selected a total of 8 items; (1) Connectivity to forest, (2) Connectivity between water body and wetland connection, (3) Number of Vegetation, (4) Surround land use, (5) Interspersion of Vegetation, (6) Crossing Structure, (7) Wetland size, and (8) Outlet structure. In addition, it was suggested that accessibility, visibility, and trash were need for utilization of pond wetland as a place for eco-experience. It is expected that the selected evaluation indicator can help to utilize the pond wetland as an eco-experience space in rural area, and maintain the pond wetland as a space for conservation of biodiversity.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.315-329
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• 1999

Recently, dissatisfaction with aspects of health care has been complemented by directly at complaints such as informal, formal and litigation. But some people take action and other not in spite of feeling of dissatisfaction. This study was to investigate an accounts of patient's disagreement with doctor's care from a community sample, and make a distinction between felt disagreement and disagreement actions. This study was done in six hundred forty residents in Sungjoo County of Kyungbuk Province and Nonman city of Chungnam Province. The questionnaires of interview included sociodemographic data, health status data, a nature of patient's disagreement with doctor and actions taken following or during the disagreement episode. Approximately sixteen percent of sample reported a disagreement, and nine percent reported action taken following or during the disagreement episode. Age, educational attainment, income and area were significantly related with experience of disagreement episode in univariate analysis. In people who experienced the disagreement episode, nearly forty-one percent reported on disagreement about the diagnosis related, twenty-eight percent reported doctor-patients relationship related, twenty percent reported treatment related, and eleven percent reported prescription drug related. In people who experienced actions taken following or during the disagreement episode, nearly fifty-four percent acted as 'sought a second opinion or visit other doctor', thirty-six percent acted as 'verbally challenged the doctor', thirty-two percent acted as 'stopped prescribed treatment or medication', twenty-nine percent acted as 'made repeat visits to the same doctor', twenty-five percent acted as 'eventually left and changed doctor'. Results of multivariate analysis, age, marital status, have or haven't chronic disease, and general satisfaction with health service were significantly related with experience of disagreement episode and marital status was significantly related with experience of actions taken following or during the disagreement episode. This study is experimental and exploratory trial about a relationship between patient's disagreement with doctor and actions taken following or during the disagreement episode in some community of Korea. We find that patient's disagreement with doctor and actions taken following or during the disagreement episode is latent in our community. We suggest that the relationship between felt disagreement and disagreement action is more complicated and worthy of further study.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.8
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• pp.89-121
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• 1997

Many of the measures and policies advocated by supply-siders, such as lower taxation, less government intervention, more freedom from restrictive legislation and regulation, and the need for increased productivity can be found in writing the classical economist. Nor is supply-side economics a complete divorcement from Keynesian analysis. In both camps the objectives are the same-high level employment, stable prices and healthy economic growth, the means or suggestions for attaining the objectives, however, differ. Consequently, recommended economic policies and measures are different. keynesians rely primarily on the manipulation of effective demand to increase output and employment and to combat inflation. They assume ample resources to be available in order that supply will respond to demand. The supply-siders emphasize the need to increase savings, investment, productivity and output as a means of increasing income. Supply-siders assume that the increase in income will lead to an increase in effective demand. Keynesians suggest that savings, particularly those not invested, dampen economic activity. Supply-siders hold that savings, or at least an increase in after-tax income, stimulates work effort and provides funds for investment. Perhaps keynesians are guilty of assuming that most savings are not going to be invested, whereas supply-siders may erroneously assume that almost all savings will flow into investment and/ or stimulate work effort. In reality, a middle ground is possible. The supply-siders stress the need to increase supply, but Keynes did not preclude the possibility of increasing economic activity by working through the supply side. According to Keynes' aggregate demand-aggregate supply framework, a decrease in supply will increase output and employment. It must be remembered, however, that Keynes' aggregate supply is really a price. Lowering the price or cost of supply would there by result in higher profit and/ or higher output. This coincides with the viewpoint of supply-siders who want to lower the cost of production via various means for the purpose of increasing supply. Then, too, some of the means, such as tax cuts, tax credits and accelerated depreciation, recommended by suply-siders to increase productivity and output would be favored by Keynesians also as a means of increasing investment, curbing costs, and increasing effective demand. In fact, these very measures were used in the early 1960s in the United State during the years when nagging unemployment was plaguing the economy. Keynesians disagree with the supply-siders' proposals to reduce transfer payments and slow down the process of income redistribution, except in full employment inflationary periods. Keynesians likewise disagree with tax measures that favored business as opposed to individuals and the notion of shifting the base of personal taxation away from income and toward spending. A frequent criticism levied at supply-side economics is that it lacks adequate models and thus far has not been quantified to any great extent. But, it should be remembered that Keynesian economics originally was lacking in models and based on a number of unproved assumptions, such as, the stability of the consumption function with its declining marginal propensity to consume. Just as the economic catastrophe of the great depression of the 1930s paved the way for the application of Keynesian or demand-side policies, perhaps the frustrating and restless conditions of the 1970s and 1980s is an open invitation for the application of supply-side policies. If so, the 1980s and 1990s may prove to be the testing era for the supply-side theories. By the end of 1990s we should have better supply-side models and know much more about the effectiveness of supply-side policies. By that time, also, supply-side thinking may be more crystallized and we will learn whether it is something temporary that will fade away, be widely accepted as the new economics replacing Keynesian demand analysis, or something to be continued but melded or fused with demand management.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to verify improvement of the basic quality of food resources and make the pork legs as the more advanced food products after taking special processing steps with the mixture of traditional medical herbs and hot water extracted coffee meal. The pH level of the pettitoes(Jokbal) showed the highest rate among the control group but it showed no statistical differences in the moisture content between the control and the pettitoes(Jokbal) processed with coffee waste extract as an additional component. In addition, the levels of crude fat and crude ash showed slight increases as the addition of the amount increase. In case of the proteins, however, tendency of slight was decreased but it was not significantly difference as the amount increases. The sodium rate in the pettitoes(Jokbal) was higher in the additional group than in the control group. Texture analysis showed a tendency of wide decrease in the hardness and chewiness depending on amount of the added coffee waste extract. On the other hand, as for the cohesiveness and springiness, there was no significant difference with the control group. In case of the lightness value, as the amount of added coffee waste extract is increased from 10% to 20% and 30%, the 'L' value was reduced significantly compared to that of the control. And the 'a' value was not significantly different compared to the coffee waste extract foil impregnated furniture control. But the 'b' values were significantly increased in accordance with the result of increasing the amount of control is at the lowest level. The result may come from the influence of coffee waste extract, which affects the color of the pettitoes(Jokbal). According to the sensory evaluation, the pork part with 10% of coffee waste extract showed the highest score in looking, chewiness, smell and preference, resulting in the improvement in quality of the pettitoes(Jokbal).

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.27-38
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• 2016

This study examined the nutrient components and physicochemical properties of Acer termentosum Maxim. leaf as a natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the general and antioxidative contents of Acer termentosum Maxim leaf were measured. Total contents of carbohydrates, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were 53.6%, 24.3%, 3.5%, and 3.5%, respectively. Caloric content of Acer termentosum Maxim was 246.5 kcal, while total dietary fiber was 46.7%. Regarding mineral contents, K was the most abundant mineral, followed by Ca, Mg, and P. Therefore, Acer termentosum Maxim is an alkali material. Total phenol contents of the 70% ethanolic extracts of Acer termentosum Maxim was $116.35{\pm}1.4mg\;GAE/g$. Total flavonoid contents of the 70% ethanolic extracts were $20.3{\pm}1.23mg\;RE/g$. The antioxidative activities of Acer termentosum Maxim. were significantly increased in a dose dependent manner on DPPH(1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) radical scavenging, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) activity, reducing power. It is expected that follow up study of Acer termentosum Maxim through developing processed food and evaluation of their functional properties would provide useful information as a source of functional foods.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.45-67
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• 2010

On July 21st in 2005, People's Bank of China (PBOC) turned the currency peg against the U.S. dollar into managed currency system based on a basket of unnamed currencies under China's exchanged rate regime. This change means that China's enterprises are not free from currency fluctuations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relations between Renminbi fluctuations in the floating exchange rate and financial results of venture companies. The process and outcomes of this study are as follows, First, in order to measure the financial results of venture companies, I choose venture companies in Shandong Province listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) at random and several quarter financial sheets according to safety ratios, profitability ratios, growth ratios, activity ratios. Second, I arrange the daily Renminbi exchange rate data announced from July 21st, 2005 to December 31st, 2008 by PBOC into the quarterly data. Third, in order to confirm the relations between Renminbi fluctuations and financial results of venture companies, I carry out Pearson's correlation analysis. As a result, the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi has weakly negative effects on debt ratio, total assets turnover ratio and equity turnover ratio in statistics. But the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi is not related to other financial index in statistics. The result of this study is that the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi has little influence on the export and import of Chinese venture companies and certifies the fact that Chinese venture companies have much foreign currency assets. In addition to avoid the currency exposure risk, this study shows the effective method about currency exposure risk which adjusts proportion of Renminbi to foreign currency.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.61-102
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• 2007

This study empirically analyzed how human resource management(HRM) practices affect the performance of venture firms using The results of the study are as follows: First of all, several HRM practices were found to affect organizational performance significantly. Specifically, ${(1)}$ recruitment and selection practices were negatively related to turnover, which seemed to mean that effective staffing including development of good recruitment pools and rigorous selection process lower turnover, and ${(2)}$ training and development, compensation, and labor-management relations were positively related to subjective performance of the firms, which implied that as the venture firms provide more opportunities of training and development to employees, provide compensation on the basis of performance, and develop cooperative labor-management relations, the subjective performance of the venture firms Increases. Secondly, negative interaction effects were found to exist between competitive strategies and HRM practices on organizational performance. Specifically, ${(1)}$ the interaction between differentiation strategy and compensation were significantly related to turnover, ${(2)}$ HRM planning and training and development interacted with differentiation strategy to significantly affect subjective organizational performance, and ${(3)}$ HRM planning, selection, training and development, compensation and communication practices interacted with technology innovation strategy to affect subjective organizational performance. So far, there have not been many studies which deal with HRM practices of venture firms in Korea. Thus, it is hoped that this study stimulate more research efforts on theory development and empirical studies on HRM practices of venture firms. Also, it is hoped that government conduct more policy studies and provide more resources in HRM area of the venture firms. Specifically, it is suggested that government take proactive steps to improve industrial skilled staff and technical researcher systems in order to alleviate the problems of workforce shortages in venture firms. And it IS also suggested that regional human resource development programs be introduced with the participation of the firms, local governments, and universities.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 1977

The author have performed, from June to July 1976, a sociomedical study on the 314 prostitutes which was engaged in tourism in Dongrae, Busan. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Age distribution was from 20 years old to 34 years old and the highest as 36.6% was 23-25 years old group. Most of the respondents as 95.2% were under 31 years old group. 2. Distribution of respondents by educational level showed that the group below the graduated primary school was 47.2%, middle school 29.3% and high school 57.0% in that order. 5. By the occupation before be ruined, none was 34.5%, waitress at saloon 24.2%, hostess 14.3%. 4. By distribution of birth place, most of the respondents as 64.0% were Gyeongsang Do(37.9%) and Busan City (26.1%). 5. Distribution of respondents by family status showed that only mother was highest as 43.9% and 82.2% of respondents have been supported their family. 6. Monthly incomes of respondents were distributed from 50,000 Won to 250,000 Won, and 50,000-100,000 Won group was the highest as 46.2%. In monthly sundry expenses, 20,000-30,000 Won group was the highest as 27.1%. 7. Monthly supporting expenses to their family were distributed from 10,000 Won to 50,000 Won and the highest as 26.7% was 10,000-20,000 Won group. Savings per month were distributed from 10,000 Won to 60,000 Won and 50,000-60,000 Won group was the highest as 22.3%. 8. Distribution of respondents by status of luxury showed that experiences of drinking was 20.4% and smoking was 55.7%. 9. By motive of falling into the ruin, economical causes was 41.7%. Most of the respondents as 95.0% expected under 3 years in prearranged period of their occupation. 10. By number of monthly entertainment, 5-10 persons as 58.0% was the highest. 11, Distribution of respondents by status of venereal disease and pulmonary tuberculosis showed that positive of gonorrhea was 8.0%, syphilis 1.6%, and pulmonary tuberculosis was 1.6%.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.157-168
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• 2014

We investigated the anti-obesity effects of small colored potato extracts by high pressure water extraction process on body weight, plasma lipid levels in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Experimental groups were divided into basal diet only (Normal), high fat diet control (HFD), small colored potato water extracts (CP), and high-fat diet and small colored potato water high pressure extracts (HCP) groups. The levels of hematological variables were not significantly different among the four groups. Compared with the HFD group's serum total cholesterol level of $86.01{\pm}1.16mg/dL$, the levels of the CP and HCP groups were significantly lowered to $80.29{\pm}1.28$ and $77.21{\pm}4.21mg/dL$, respectively. Compared with the HFD group's LDL-cholesterol level of $18.92{\pm}2.44mg/dL$, the LDL-cholesterol levels of the CP and HCP groups were significantly lowered to $13.52{\pm}1.26$ and $12.93{\pm}1.26mg/dL$, respectively. Also, compared to the HFD group's serum triglyceride level of $82.71{\pm}3.94mg/dL$, the level of the HCP group was significantly lowered to $63.24{\pm}6.32mg/dL$. These results suggested that dietary supplementation of small colored potato extracts using high pressure water extraction does not have any adverse effects on the hematological variables, while improving the lipid content and reducing hepatic damage of the high-fat fed rats.