• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2010

The complexity of comparative constructions in each language has given challenges to both theoretical and computational analyses. This paper first identifies types of comparative constructions in Korean and discusses their main grammatical properties. It then builds a syntactic parser couched upon the typed feature structure grammar, HPSG and proposes a context-dependent interpretation for the comparison. To check the feasibility of the proposed analysis, we have implemented the grammar into the existing Korean Resource Grammar. The results show us that the grammar we have developed here is feasible enough to parse Korean comparative sentences and yield proper semantic representations though further development is needed for a finer model for contextual information.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2011

Of the coordination structures in Korean, the symmetric and asymmetric properties of verbal coordination have challenged both theoretical and computational approaches. This paper shows how a typed feature structure grammar, HPSG, together with the notions of 'type hierarchy' and 'constructions', can provide a robust basis for parsing (un)tensed verbal coordination as well as pseudo-coordination found in the language. We show that the analysis sketched here and computationally implemented in the existing resource grammar for Korean, Korean Resource Grammar (KRG), can yield proper syntactic structures as well as enriched semantic representations for real-time applications such as machine translation.

• 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국언어정보학회 2007년도 정기학술대회
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• pp.375-384
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• 2007

This paper describes a method for automatic acquisition of wide-coverage treebank-based deep linguistic resources for Japanese, as part of a project on treebank-based induction of multilingual resources in the framework of Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG). We automatically annotate LFG f-structure functional equations (i.e. labelled dependencies) to the Kyoto Text Corpus version 4.0 (KTC4) (Kurohashi and Nagao 1997) and the output of of Kurohashi-Nagao Parser (KNP) (Kurohashi and Nagao 1998), a dependency parser for Japanese. The original KTC4 and KNP provide unlabelled dependencies. Our method also includes zero pronoun identification. The performance of the f-structure annotation algorithm with zero-pronoun identification for KTC4 is evaluated against a manually-corrected Gold Standard of 500 sentences randomly chosen from KTC4 and results in a pred-only dependency f-score of 94.72%. The parsing experiments on KNP output yield a pred-only dependency f-score of 82.08%.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.117-126
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to develop formal design principles towards flexible house plan. A flexible house plan accomodates spatial requirements corresponding to change of life style and provides a way of saving architectural materials. Design properties as a basis for manipulation of room includes adjacency, orientation and geometrical information which are suited well to flexible design. This paper has developed a formal grammar of shape which can be utilized to transform house plan. Flexible design presented here is based on the idea of various operations of the shape grammar. The shape grammar, as a set of rules, specifies manipulations of shapes for reorganization of spatial relationships of rooms in a house plan. It lists exemplary rules in control knowledge which guides design processes for modifying a plan. An example taken from house plan design is used to ilustrate important aspects of the flexible design which fundamentally provides the basis for architectural material saving.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1692-1705
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• 2024

In this paper, we present a method that integrates a Grammar Transducer as an external language model to enhance the accuracy of the pre-trained Korean End-to-end (E2E) Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model. The E2E ASR model utilizes the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss function to derive hypothesis sentences from input audio. However, this method reveals a limitation inherent in the CTC approach, as it fails to capture language information from transcript data directly. To overcome this limitation, we propose a fusion approach that combines a clause-level n-gram language model, transformed into a Weighted Finite-State Transducer (WFST), with the E2E ASR model. This approach enhances the model's accuracy and allows for domain adaptation using just additional text data, avoiding the need for further intensive training of the extensive pre-trained ASR model. This is particularly advantageous for Korean, characterized as a low-resource language, which confronts a significant challenge due to limited resources of speech data and available ASR models. Initially, we validate the efficacy of training the n-gram model at the clause-level by contrasting its inference accuracy with that of the E2E ASR model when merged with language models trained on smaller lexical units. We then demonstrate that our approach achieves enhanced domain adaptation accuracy compared to Shallow Fusion, a previously devised method for merging an external language model with an E2E ASR model without necessitating additional training.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2020

우리는 이 연구에서 다언어주의 맥락에서의 지속가능한 언어교육정책을 고찰하고자 한다. 인구의 다수가 다언어적이므로 다언어구사자들이 기준이 되는 다언어정책이 교육에서 우리가 채택할 수 있는 최선의 방법이다. 전통적으로 다언어사회였던 미국의 언어교육정책을 분석하여 한국사회의 언어교육정책에 관한 시사점을 모색하고자 한다. 다언어교육정책의 채택 동기와 정당성을 지속가능성, 정체성, 공정성, 세계영어, 기계번역, 그리고 보편문법이라는 6 가지 다른 관점에서 분석한다. 언어정책의 모델로 미국에서는 영어플러스(영어+n) 정책을 제안하며, 유사하게 한국에서는 한국어플러스(한국어+n) 정책을 언어교육현장에서의 최선의 언어정책모델로 제안한다. 이러한 플러스(+n)정책은 모국어와 해당국가의 다언어주의를 형성하는 다른 외래어 둘 다의 유창성을 목표로 하며 이때 다언어정책은 이중언어정책도 포함한다. 특히 4차 산업혁명시대의 맥락인 다양성과 융합의 시대에 언어다양성과 다언어정책은 해결해야할 문제가 아니라 보호되고 유지되어야할 권리이며 자산으로 간주되어야하고 언어교육정책 또한 다언어주의의 관점에서 다루어져야 한다.