• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.684-692
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• 2016

Acute respiratory virus infectious diseases are a growing health problem, particularly among children and the elderly. Much effort has been made to develop probiotics that prevent influenza virus infections by enhancing innate immunity in the respiratory tract until vaccines are available. Lactobacillus plantarum GB-LP2, isolated from a traditional Korean fermented vegetable, has exhibited preventive effects on influenza virus infection in mice. To identify the molecular basis of this strain, we conducted a whole-genome assembly study. The single circular DNA chromosome of 3,284,304 bp was completely assembled and 3,250 protein-encoding genes were predicted. Evolutionarily accelerated genes related to the phenotypic trait of anti-infective activities for influenza virus were identified. These genes encode three integral membrane proteins, a teichoic acid export ATP-binding protein and a glucosamine - fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase involved in host innate immunity, the nonspecific DNA-binding protein Dps, which protects bacteria from oxidative damage, and the response regulator of the three-component quorum-sensing regulatory system, which is related to the capacity of adhesion to the surface of the respiratory tract and competition with pathogens. This is the first study to identify the genetic backgrounds of the antiviral activity in L. plantarum strains. These findings provide insight into the anti-infective activities of L. plantarum and the development of preventive probiotics.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.284-296
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to provide basic data on the intervention for depression program development and application by analyzing the depression intervention studies for women that were published in Korea Journal (2000~2014). Methods: The research method used was the integrative review. Nine studies were reviewed from the Nursing Articles and National Assembly Library of which 41 studies were from 126 research papers that met the inclusion criteria and analyzed using MINORS (Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies) and according to general characteristics. Results: There were non-equivalent control group pre-post test design (78%) in research design. 44% of articles in sample size were 14~26 participants and measuring tools were used CES-D (29%), BDI (I & II, 22%), GDSSF-K (22%). In quality of research according to MINORS, most of the papers got 2 scores except for the items of sample size calculation standard. Even though the similar intervention program were reported, the results could not compare because of diverse contents, duration, methods, and measuring tool with intervention program. As the results, aroma, massage, and counseling programs seemed to have significant effects of depression alleviation. Conclusion: The standard tailored program and measuring tool for depression alleviation of women was needed to develop.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.191-219
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• 2015

The Japanese government has announced that it would invest 30 billion yen in iPS cell research for the next 10 year, and the Japan National Assembly has made an act that supports the iPS cell research. This study analyzes 1) the current trend and application field of stem cell research under Japan; 2) recent policy and regulation change in stem cell research and its application under Japan. This treatise reviews about "Act for Promoting Regenerative Medicine", "Act for Assuring Safety of Regenerative Medicine", and "the Revision of Pharmaceutical Act under Japan. This study may serve as the fundamental reference for the improvements of legal and institutional systems with regard to regulations on the stem cell research under Korea.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.478-482
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• 2017

Humidity control of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) is very important control condition during driving. In terms of water management, low humidification conditions are advantageous, and high humidification is advantageous in terms of drainage utilization and energy efficiency. In this study, the characteristics of outlet water in low humidification and high humidification process were studied in terms of utilization of discharged water. Since the impurities in the effluent are generated during the degradation of the membrane and the electrode assembly(MEA), degradation of the MEA under low humidification and high humidification conditions was also studied. The rate of radical generation was high at low humidification condition of the anode RH 0%, which showed that it was the main cause of the degradation of the polymer membrane. Analysis of effluent showed low concentration of fluoride ion concentration of about 20 ppb at high humidification (both electrodes RH 100%) and 0.6 V, which was enough to be used as the feed water for electrolysis. Very low concentration of platinum below 0.2 ppb was detected in the condensate discharged from the high humidification condition.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.168-176
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• 2010

This study proposes the improvement of the present Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) management system of MOE (Ministry of Environment). The margin of safety (MOS) is calculated by a method using standard error and a method using variability and uncertainty. The allocation of pollutant loads are calculated using three methods, equal load reduction method, equal percent removal method and method using equity standards. This study applied the improved TMDL management system to the Anyangcheon watershed. Since MOS varies from 12% to 44% due to the high variability of measured and simulated data, it must not be ignored in the TMDL. The method using equity standards is the most proper in this application since the others produced unrealistic allocations. Area, runoff, water use quantity, population and budget are considered for equity standards. This study shows that this allocation method can be also applicable for the administrative units as well as the sub-watersheds. Finally, Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) with the allocated pollutant load was used to confirm whether it satisfy the water quality standard or not. This study will be helpful to improve the MOS and allocation system TMDL in the future.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.393-395
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of infusion of pectinesterase (PE) along with preheating treatment in $CaCI_2$ solution on softening Kimchi tissue. Preheating treatment showed preventive effect on softening of Kimchi tissue. Especially, the preheating in the presence of P was more effective in preserving firmness of both stem and leaf. As for of effect of PE infusion by vacuum treatment, a maximum crispness was obtained from the vacuum-treated stems in 0.05 M $CaCI_2$ solution containing PE. The crispness of all the samples decreased during fermentation and the PE-infused samples by vacuum treatment showed higher crispness than the control until the fourth day of fermentation.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.104-108
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• 2003

The reaction of $[Cu(L)]Cl_2{\cdot}H_2O(L=3,14-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[14,4,0^{1.18},0^{7.12}]docosane)$ with 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylate(pdc) led to the formation of $[Cu(L)(H_2O)](pdc){\cdot}6H_2O(1)$. The structure was characterized by X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic method. The coordination geometry around the copper atom is a distorted square-pyramid with four secondary amines of the macrocycle occupying the basal sites and a water molecule at the axial position. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds in 1 form a three-dimensional molecular network.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.842-851
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• 2011

A multi-cell test system with 25 independent cells is used to test different electrode materials simultaneously for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Twenty-five segmented membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) having the same or different Pt-loading are prepared to analyze the performance deviation of cells in the multi-cell test system. Improvements in the multi-cell test system are made by ensuring that the system performs voltage sensing for the cells individually and inserting optimum gaskets between the MEAs and the graphite plates. The cell performances are improved and their deviations are significantly decreased by these modifications. The performance deviations changed according to various cell configurations because the operating conditions of the cells, such as the gas flow and concentration, differed. This cell system can be used to test multiple electrodes simultaneously because it shows relatively uniform performance under the same conditions as well as linear correlation with various catalyst loadings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.131-140
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• 2012

Though there might exist not a few differences between cyclic works and atypical works, many researchers have applied the same assessment techniques that used for repetitive works, which may result introduce bias in their conclusions. This research aimed to verify whether there exist non-negligible work characteristics and/or dissimilarity among works with different work nature and whether one of the most prevalent assessment techniques for assessing ergonomic hazards of musculoskeletal disorders, REBA, can be applied to atypical works. For a general hospital, an automobile repair shop, and two auto-part assembly plants which manufactures quite different parts, a questionnaire survey and field investigation and ergonomic assessment were carried out and analyzed statistically with reference to the 3rd Quantification technique. The results showed that there exist remarkable difference between physical factors in cyclic works and atypical non-cyclic works. As for repetitive work, body posture was significant factors affecting on musculoskeletal disorders while atypical works seemed to have none which implied that the necessity of taking psychosocial factors into account for assessment of hazards. Complain rate in repetitive works was highest shoulder, back, and neck or wrist in sequence. However, there existed no consistent trend in complain rate in atypical works. And, though weight of manufacturing objects was a common factor that can partly explain musculoskeletal complain, time duration was significant in atypical work whereas repeatability and body posture were significant in repetitive works. As being the results, to summarize, it could be said that application of conventional ergonomic assessment techniques regardless of repetitiveness would be fruitless, and that the necessity of a unique methodology focused on atypical non-cyclic works should not be neglected.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.187-190
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• 2012

Contamination of ion from cathode air on the membrane and electrode assembly (MEA) is the serious degradation source in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). In this study, concentration of ions in air at industry region, street and seaside were measured. There were comparably high concentration of $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$ in this regions. This paper shows the effects of MEA contamination by these ions generated from humidification water. After 170 hours of fuel cell operation using city water as humidification water, the performance of unit cell decrease to 11% of initial performance. The electrolyte membrane easily absorbed foreign contaminant cations due to the stronger affinity of foreign cations with the sulfonic acid group compared to $H^+$. The contaminant ions existing in the interface between the platinum catalyst and ionomer layer turn out to be the most serious factor to decrease cell performance.