• Mycobiology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.254-257
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• 2022

Wolfiporia cocos is a wood-decay brown rot fungus belonging to the family Polyporaceae. While the fungus grows, the sclerotium body of the strain, dubbed Bokryeong in Korean, is formed around the roots of conifer trees. The dried sclerotium has been widely used as a key component of many medicinal recipes in East Asia. Wolfiporia cocos strain KMCC03342 is the reference strain registered and maintained by the Korea Seed and Variety Service for commercial uses. Here, we present the first draft genome sequence of W. cocos KMCC03342 using a hybrid assembly technique combining both short- and long-read sequences. The genome has a total length of 55.5 Mb comprised of 343 contigs with N50 of 332 kb and 95.8% BUSCO completeness. The GC ratio was 52.2%. We predicted 14,296 protein-coding gene models based on ab initio gene prediction and evidence-based annotation procedure using RNAseq data. The annotated genome was predicted to have 19 terpene biosynthesis gene clusters, which was the same number as the previously sequenced W. cocos strain MD-104 genome but higher than Chinese W. cocos strains. The genome sequence and the predicted gene clusters allow us to study biosynthetic pathways for the active ingredients of W. cocos.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.111-135
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• 2024

This paper classifies the main directions of public diplomacy as 'sender-centered public diplomacy' and 'receiver-centered public diplomacy' and attempts to conceptualize them in the initial stage. In the process, the paper evaluates the specific cases and performance of 'receiver-centered public diplomacy' for posts uploaded by the U.S. Embassy in Seoul on SNS (Facebook) over the past year in 2021. Receiver-centered public diplomacy aims to win the favor of foreign citizens by introducing and experiencing the culture and specificity of the other country. As a result of the analysis, the U.S. Embassy in Seoul is striving to win the favor of the Korean people by directly introducing and experiencing Korean major issues and trends as well as Korean traditional culture such as kimchi and traditional liquor. Furthermore, it can be seen that the values and policies pursued by the United States are effectively promoted through this method. Korea's public diplomacy, which is still in the 'sender-centered', needs to establish a more effective strategy by referring to the case of the United States.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.437-448
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• 2008

As the importance of knowledge is emphasized and the environment of battlefields is changing, the military also demands competent people equipped with creativity, cooperativeness and communication ability, and in this situation it is required to apply PBL to education in the navy. The present study went through three stages in order to develop a prototype to implement a naval e PBL support system for knowledge creation. First, databases in Korea Education and Research Information Service, National Assembly Library, etc. were searched using keywords such as PBL, e-PBL, knowledge creation and knowledge ecosystem. In addition, we selected and analyzed frequently quoted literature and recent research reports related to this study among domestic and foreign theses, books, research papers, etc. recommended by specialists in contents, and derived the key values of a knowledge creation type e-PBL support system and design strategies. Second, we developed a primary prototype based on the contents of analysis and, revising it according to teaching design specialists' opinions, we proposed the final prototype of knowledge creation type naval e PBL support system and it has values as follows. First, the knowledge creation type naval e PBL support system provides learners with opportunities to apply e PBL and helps them improve their creativity, cooperativeness and communication ability and accumulate know how of services. Second, it improves work efficiency by circulating knowledge through sharing among individuals or groups, and produces synergy that promotes the organizational culture of learning. Third, the knowledge creation type naval e-PBL support system enables teachers who apply PBL to school education to find new applications of PBL in constructing knowledge bases.

• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2018

This study presents a novel and eco-friendly process that can precisely control the location of the patches on the patch particles. The method of manufacturing these anisotropic hexagram patch particles consists of sequential combinations of two separate methods such as a sequential micromolding technique for fabricating patch particles and a selective localization method for controlling the location of patches on the patch particles. The micromolding technique was carried out using physicochemically stable material as a micromold. In order to fabricate the highly stable patch anisotropic hexagram particles, the perfluoropolyether (PFPE) micromold was used to the process of the micromolding technique because they could prevent the problem of diffusion of hydrophobic monomers while conventional poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) micromold is limited to prevent the problem of diffusion of hydrophobic monomers. Based on combination methods of the micromolding technique and the selective localization method, the reproducibility and stability have been improved to fabricate 12 different types of anisotropic hexagram patch particles. This fabrication method shows the unique advantages in eco-friend condition, easy and fast fabrication due to less number of process, the feasibility of a mass production. We believe that these anisotropic hexagram patch particles can be widely utilized to the field of the directional self-assembly.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.291-299
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• 1997

As a microimaging device detecting gamma rays emitted from small lesions or tumors during operation, the intraoperative surgical probe has been proposed and is now under development. We have designed a multipurpose portable gamma prove system and evaluated the performance both for the absolute counting purpose of residual radioactivities and for the localizing capability of gamma events using the NaI(Tl) crystal and two types of photomultiplier tubes(PMTs). Counting efficiencies in the range of routine clinical use of radiation dose were measured using the assembly of single channel PMTs and 0.5 inch thick NaI(Tl) crystal of 1 inch diameter. The positioning of gamma events for imaging purpose requires the multiple channel PMTs with appropriate positioning electronics. We have designed a simple and reliable positioning circuit based on the concept of modified Anger. In preliminary experiments using the multiple channel PMT of 3 inch diameter and the dim lighth source, we were able to trace and localize the correct position with reduced positioning error by the use of two multiplier/divider chipset and simplified peripherals. The energy resolutions for the counting gamma probe measured as full width at half maximum(FWHM) for Cs-137, F-18, Tc-99m were 12%, 13%, and 36%, respectively. The spatial resolution for the imaging gamma probe measured as FWHM for green LED was 2.9 mm. The results indicate that the currently developing probe is very promising and could be very useful for many applications in nuclear medicine. Future studies will include developing collimators, improving interface hardwares, and evaluating the system with clinical data.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.263-270
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• 1998

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor system, has rapid response and high sensitivity, can be applicable for detecting reaction times of many biospecific interactions. A SPR sensor system was constructed to detect the antigen-antibody reactions of salmonella and hIgG (human immunoglobulin G). Sensor chips made of gold thin film were used for detecting biological bindings of antigen and antibody reactions. The antigen and antibody reactions for salmonella and hIgG were carried out with various time intervals to observed characteristics of these reactions using SPR sensor system. The resonance angle shift changes were clearly observed at the time of salmonella or hIgG antibody injection into sample cell since each antibody was self-assembled on gold chip surface of the sensor. It was found that the antibodies of salmonella and hIgG reacted with its sensor chip surface in 10 minutes and 60 minutes respectively. And the antigens of both salmonella and hIgG were bound to its antibody within 1 minute.

• Gut and Liver
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.722-727
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• 2018

Background/Aims: Although endoscopic bilateral stent-instent placement is challenging, many recent studies have reported promising outcomes regarding technical success and endoscopic re-intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the technical accessibility of stent-in-stent placement using large cell-type stents in patients with inoperable malignant hilar biliary obstruction. Methods: Forty-three patients with inoperable malignant hilar biliary obstruction from four academic centers were prospectively enrolled from March 2013 to June 2015. Results: Bilateral stent-in-stent placement using two large cell-type stents was successfully performed in 88.4% of the patients (38/43). In four of the five cases with technical failure, the delivery sheath of the second stent became caught in the hook-cross-type vertex of the large cell of the first stent, and subsequent attempts to pass a guidewire and stent assembly through the mesh failed. Functional success was achieved in all cases of technical success. Stent occlusion occurred in 63.2% of the patients (24/38), with a median patient survival of 300 days. The median stent patency was 198 days. The stent patency rate was 82.9%, 63.1%, and 32.1% at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. Endoscopic re-intervention was performed in 14 patients, whereas 10 underwent percutaneous drainage. Conclusions: Large cell-type stents for endoscopic bilateral stent-in-stent placement had acceptable functional success and stent patency when technically successful. However, the technical difficulty associated with the entanglement of the second stent delivery sheath in the hook-cross-type vertex of the first stent may preclude large cell-type stents from being considered as a dedicated standard tool for stent-in-stent placement.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2021

The existing construction industry is classified into industries with low productivity compared to other industries. In order to solve the decline in productivity in the construction industry, the world is focusing on off-site construction (OSC), which is about 40% more productive than existing construction methods. This high productivity is possible because the three stages of production, transport to the site, and site assembly are consistently maintained in a continuous flow. This study conducted a functional survey through literature review, preliminary field survey, questionnaire, and expert interview. The surveyed function were classified into five categories: convenience, flexibility, manageability, communication, and safety, and the functional characteristics of flexibility, manageability, and communication were high. Because of the change according to the construction progress, the production schedule of the factory, and the variety of transportation time required. Finally, A functional block diagram was developed based on the 15 functions corresponding with an average score of 4 or more in the surveyed function score result. If the OSC transport system is established through this study, It can contribute to a successful construction OSC project and increase productivity.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.197-221
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• 2018

The Cambodian People's Party swept all 125 assembly seats with 76.78% of the vote in 2018 general elections. The Cambodian National Rescue Party, having been dissolved by court, was excluded from the election and attempted to nullify the legitimacy of the election by demanding its supporters to boycott the election. The Cambodian People's Party launched a campaign encouraging to vote in a desperate need to thwart the boycott movement. The election then became an unprecedented kind of competition the winner of which is decided not by the percentage of the vote but by turnout. The Cambodian People's Party was the winner with the high turnout of 82.89%, securing the means to defend the legitimacy of the election. The potential supporters of the Cambodian National Rescue Party spread out with about a million voters switching to support the Cambodian People's Party. Over a half million invalid votes that unequivocally voiced opposition to the Cambodian People's Party were not sufficient to deny the legitimacy of the election. Having experienced the fierce competition in the 2013 general elections that threatened to end its rule, the Cambodian People's Party decided to secure its power in the upcoming election and executed a tactic designed to remove the rival party through legal means. Competition being removed, the Cambodian political system decayed back to hegemonic electoral authoritarianism from competitive electoral authoritarianism to which it had mad gradual progress through the general elections in the past.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.44-49
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• 2023

In the global pursuit of carbon neutrality, the rapid increase in the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has led to a corresponding surge in the demand for batteries. To achieve high efficiency in electric vehicles, considerations of weight reduction and battery safety have become crucial factors. Copper and aluminum, both recognized as lightweight materials, can be effectively joined through laser welding. However, due to the distinct physical characteristics of these two materials, the process of joining them poses technical challenges. This study focuses on conducting simulations to identify the optimal laser parameters for welding copper and aluminum, with the aim of streamlining the welding process. Additionally, a Graphic User Interface (GUI) program has been developed using the Python language to visually present the results. Using machine learning image data, this program is anticipated to predict joint success and serve as a guide for safe and efficient laser welding. It is expected to contribute to the safety and efficiency of the electric vehicle battery assembly process.