• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2009

Antitumor activity of Korean mistletoe extract (KM-110) and European commercial mistletoe preparation (Helixor) was investigated. KM-110 showed the cytotoxic effect that it is high for various tumor cell lines and normal splenocytes in comparison with Helixor. Administration of two mistletoe extracts ($100{\mu}g$) to mice did not show any significant changes on the level of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GTP), blood creatinine (CRE) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in sera. The culture supernatant of macrophages stimulated with KM-110 inhibited effectively tumor growth whereas Helixor had little effect. Administration of KM-110 or Helixor resulted in a effective inhibition of lung metastasis after the i.v. inoculation of colon 26-M3.1 lung carcinoma, B16-BL6 melanoma and L5178Y-ML25 lymphomas. In all cases, the mice treated with KM-110 showed more effective anti-tumor metastatic activity than the mice of Helixor. These results suggest that Korean mistletoe extracts, KM-110 might be used as an alternative methods having antitumor activity like European mistletoe preparation, Helixor.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

Objectives : Jema-sunghyangjungkisan (JSGS, Jima Xingxiang Zhengqi san) and yeoldahanso-tang (YDHST, Reduo hanshao decoction) are traditional herbal formulas which commonly used to prevent and treat stroke in traditional korean medicine. However, JSGS and YDHST extracts have not been previously reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, We measured the anti-inflammatory effects of JSGS and YDHST extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : To investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of JSGS and YDHST extracts, tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-6, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) were examined in RAW 264.7 cells with LPS of $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Results : JSGS and YDHST extracts did not have any cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration decreased 49.67% at $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ by JSGS but, YDHST has no statistically significant effect at all concentration. IL-6 accumulation on JSGS and YDHST extracts in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells reduced 22.03% and 41.44% at $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ respectively. In addition, JSGS has no inhibitory effects on NO accumulation and YDHST reduced 10.08% at $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Moreover, JSGS and YDHST treatment does-dependently reduced the $PGE_2$ production. In particular, YDHST ($500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) extract was more effective compared with $10ng/m{\ell}$ of indomethacin which is the $PGE_2$ positive control. Conclusions : Our results suggest that treatment of JSGS and YDHST extracts decreased the LPS-stimulated inflammation. Therefore, in the present study, we demonstrated that JSGS and YDHS may be used as a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.99-108
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• 2023

Objectives : The aim of this study was to assess the quantitative characteristics of pressure pain threshold (PPT) and pressure depth (PD) at the abdominal conception vessel (CV) acupoints according to subjective digestive status and digestive discomfort levels, accomplished by comparing a large group of healthy men and women, using the modified digital algometer. Methods : A total of 1,504 healthy adults aged 19 years or older participated in this study. A questionnaire was administered to evaluate participants' digestive status and discomfort. PPT (kgf/cm²/s) and PD (mm) measurements were obtained at CV14, CV12, and CV4 acupoints using a modified digital algometer. General characteristics were analyzed using the chi-square test, and differences in PPT and PD were assessed using two-sample t-tests and ANCOVA. Results : Significant difference in PPT was found based on digestive status at CV14 and CV12 for both sexes, and in PD at CV14 for women. Women exhibited significant difference in PPT based on digestive discomfort at CV14, CV12, and CV4, while men showed significant difference at CV14 and CV12. Significant difference in PD was observed at CV14 and CV4 among women. Even after adjusting for age and body mass index, significant difference persisted in PPT based on digestive discomfort at CV14 and CV12 for both sexes. PD exhibited significant differences at CV14, CV12, and CV4 among women. Conclusions : Using the modified digital algometer, this study showed the significant difference of pressure pain threshold at the CV14 and CV12 acupoints for subjective digestive discomfort levels in healthy men and women.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2017

Background: Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT) has long been used for the treatment of severe weakness caused by general fatigue, loss of appetite, or indigestion. The aim of this feasibility study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of BZYQT for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) with spleen qi deficiency. Methods: This study will be conducted at a single center as a prospective, nonrandomized, nonblinded, single-arm feasibility study. A total of 30 participants diagnosed with FD in accordance with the Rome III criteria will be enrolled. All patients will receive BZYQT for 4 weeks. The primary outcome is the change in the Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K) scores between the baseline and 4-week images. The secondary outcomes include the tongue coating thickness, blood parameters, and BZYQT Questionnaire score. The NDI-K score will be acquired four times, at Weeks 0 (baseline), 2 (during treatment), 4 (after treatment), and 8 (after follow-up). Written informed consent will be obtained from all study participants prior to enrollment. This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital. This study protocol is registered with the national clinical trial registry of the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Results will be published in a journal and will be disseminated both electronically and in print. Discussion: The results of this study may serve as a guide for researchers seeking to effectively evaluate the effects of BZYQT.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.840-844
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• 2004

A triterpene was isolated as a cytotoxic principle from the dichloromethane extract of Korean mistletoe (KM； Viscum album colora turn) by repeated silica gel chromatography and recrystalli-zation. In in vitro analysis of cytotoxic activity using various human and murine tumor cell lines, the dichloromethane extract of KM was highly cytotoxic against these cells. We isolated the most active compound, referred to VD-3, from the dichloromethane extract of KM. The VD-3 was shown to be less cytotoxic to normal cells (murine splenocytes). From the identification of the chemical structure of VD-3 by spectral data and chemical synthesis, the compound was proven to be epi-oleanolic acid. Tumor cells treated with VD-3 showed a typical pattern of apo-ptotic cell death, such as apparent morphological changes and DNA fragmentation. These results indicate that epi-oleanolic acid is an important compound responsible for antitumor activity of KM.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.75-93
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• 2023

Objectives We aimed to analyze the registration status of interventional clinical trials in children and adolescents with chronic cough. Methods All interventional clinical trials registered up to 3 July, 2023 on the international clinical trial registry platform (ICTRP) of the World Health Organization (WHO) were analyzed. Information was extracted including study design, interventions, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and outcome indicators. Results A total of 18 interventional clinical trials were analyzed. For study design, multicentre trials, randomized allocation, parallel group design and phase 4 trials were the most frequently reported. Blinding was used in 44.4% and informed consents were obtained from 61.1%. For intervention, drugs were used in 61.1%, using placebo control group in 27.8%. Quality of life questionnaires were most frequently reported in 50% as the primary outcome, and adverse events were the most as the secondary outcome. In most cases, the assessment timepoints were after two weeks. Conclusions Based on the characteristics of clinical trial design analyzed in this study, it is necessary to design traditional Korean medicine clinical trials with improved quality and accuracy of information.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.145-157
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• 2015

Objective : This study aimed to analyze a comprehensive feature of experimental research on Insamyangyoungtang and develop a strategy that can be used for experimental studies on Insamyangyoung-tang in the future. Method : The journal search was performed using six databases : PubMed, Chinese database (China Network Knowledge Infrastructure, [CNKI]), Japan database (Japan Science and Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic, [J-STAGE]) and three Korean databases (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System [OASIS], Research Information Service System [RISS], and Korean Studies Information Service System [KISS]). We used limited keywords and analyzed studies by publication year, experimental models, and the subjects of biological activities. The mechanism of pharmacological activity in accordance with the therapeutic effects of Insamyangyoung-tang was noted. Results and Conclusion : A total of 43 studies (6 domestic studies and 37 foreign ones) were examined according to the inclusion criteria of the experimental study. Research on the pharmacological activities of Insamyangyoung-tang showed its therapeutic effects on the nervous and immune systems, as well as its anti-aging, anti-fatigue, and hematopoietic effects. Additional efficacy and safety assessments and experimental and clinical studies should be performed to evaluate the mechanism of Insamyangyoung-tang. The present review has provided preliminary information for further studies on Insamyangyoung-tang.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1972

During the period from June 1st 1971 to November 30 th 1971, studies on air pollution were made in Kwangju city. The city was divided into 6 areas; the downtown area, the semi-downtown area, the heavy traffic area, the commercial area, the residential area, the park area, 13 surveying sites were selected each representing the characteristics of the area. The Measurement methods which were used are described below. Sulfur oxides were measured by $PbO_2$ cylinder method, sulfur dioxides ($SO_2$) and carbon monoxide (CO) by the MSA & Kitakwa detector, dustfall by the Deposit gauge method, and the noise levels by the Kanomax soundlevel meter. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The mean value of sulfur oxides in Kwangju city was $1.16mg\;SO_3/day/100cm^2\;PbO_2$, ranging from $0.45mg\;SO_3/day/100cm^2\;PbO_2$ to $3.10mg\;SO_3/day/100cm^2\;PbO_2$. 2. The mean values of sulfur oxides according to its specific area in the city were $1.45mg\;SO_3/day/100cm^2\;PbO_2$ in heavy traffic area, 1.36 in downtown area, 1.23 in semi-downtown area, 1.11 in commercial area, 0.96 in residential area, and 1.07 in park area, respectively. 3. The average concentration of sulfur dioxide was 0.063 ppm from 2 to 5 P.M in Kwangju city. 4. The average concentrations of sulfur dioxides according to its specific area, from 2 to 5 P.M, in the city were 0.084 ppm in heavy traffic area & downtown area, 0.067 in commercial area, 0.053 in semi-downtown area, 0.052 in residential area, and 0.036 in park area. 5. The average concentration of carbon monoxide was 22.3 ppm from 2 to 5 P.M, in Kwangju city. 6. The average concentrations of carbon monoxide according to its specific area, from 2 to 5 P.M, in the city were 27.0 ppm in downtown area, 26.3 in semi-downtown area, 23.0 in heavy traffic area, 21.7 in commercial area, 20.0 in residential arera, and 17.6 in park area. 7. The mean value of dusifall in Kwangju city was $29.28ton/km^2/month$, ranging from $9.85ton/km^2/month$ to $66.34ton/km^2/month$. 8. The mean values of dustfall according to its specific area in the city were $50.37ton/km^2/month$ in semi-downtown area, 42.76 in heavy traffic area, 34.67 in downtown area, 17.77 in commercial area, 14.40 in park area, and 14.76 in residential area. 9. The mean values of the soluble dust in Kwangju city was $10.23ton/Km^2/month$ and that of the insoluble dust was $19.05ton/Km^2/month$. 10. The mean value of noise level in Kwangju city was 62 phon, ranging from 37 phon to 88 phon. 11. The mean values of noise level according to its specific area in the city were 76 phon in heavy traffic area, 67 in semi-downtown area, 64 in downtown area, 59 in commercial area, 52 in part area, and 50 in residential area.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 2015

Objectives: This study is aimed at assessing the reliability of a standard instrument of diagnosis and assessment for Spleen Qi deficiency pattern questionnaire (SQDQ) and examining the validity of the SQDQ by comparing the pattern identification scores of different groups. Methods: We conducted a survey of 72 participants (60 patients with chronic dyspepsia and 12 healthy subjects) using self-reported questionnaire. Participants were given written consent and this study was performed under the permission of institutional review board of Kyung-Hee university Korean medicine hospital. Results: The reliability and the validity of the questionnaire were inspected. Internal consistency of the SQDQ was excellent. Construct validity analyzed by exploratory factor analysis produced 4 factors, which were selected from eigenvalues that are greater than 1.0. The factor 1, 2, 3 and 4 showed 'fatigue', 'meal', 'diagnosis' and 'figure' respectively. For most of SQDQs' items, there were significant differences observed between the Spleen Qi and the non-Spleen Qi groups. However, the 'emaciation', 'tongue diagnosis' and 'pulse diagnosis' showed no significant differences. Conclusions: The SQDQ restructured in this study may provide a fundamental questionnaire and a further study is required for a more advanced, standardized and statistically proven questionnaire.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2019

This study was performed to apply the measurement of heart rate and velocity in training horses for assessing race performance. Additionally, we aimed to identify parameters that can be used to evaluate the training level and exercise capacity. Eleven healthy 2- to 6-year-old Thoroughbreds were trained by the standard training program and heart rate and velocity were measured by using heart monitoring system and GPS. Regression analysis in heart rate and velocity data was performed to calculate velocity parameters. The mean maximal heart rate in gallop was $214{\pm}11bpm$. The mean $V_{140}$, $V_{180}$, $V_{200}$ and $VHR_{max}$ were $13.8{\pm}4.3km/h$, $37.5{\pm}3.8km/h$, $49.3{\pm}4.3km/h$ and $57.4{\pm}7.1km/h$ respectively. The mean $V_{140}$ of high performance racehorses was significantly higher than that of low performance racehorses (P < 0.05). Moreover, analyzing the correlation between velocity parameters and racing ability-related categories showed that $V_{140}$ was positively correlated with rating (P < 0.05), $V_{180}$ and $VHR_{max}$ were positively correlated with prize money per race (P < 0.05). Also, $V_{140}$ was significantly correlated with G1F (P < 0.05). The results of this study have shown that the measurement of heart rate and velocity during training could be useful methods to assess fitness for races or performance potential. Especially, $V_{140}$ is a good parameter to evaluate a performance of racehorses in Korea.