• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.230-241
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the effects of a swallowing training program on swallowing function and depression for nursing home residents with dysphagia after stroke. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with non-equivalent control group pre-post test design. The program (oro-facial muscle strengthening exercises, swallowing exercises, expiratory muscle strengthening exercises, and brain stimulation exercises) applied to the experimental group three times per week for eight weeks, 40-45 minutes for each intervention. The final data from 42 people (21 experimental and 21 control) were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 25.0 using descriptive statistics. 𝜒² test, t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Friedman test. Results: The experimental group was significantly improved than control group in oro-facial muscle strength, swallowing symptoms (Z=-2.22, p=.026), and oral intake function level (Z=-2.00, p=.046). However, there was no significant difference between two groups in depression. Conclusion: This study is meaningful in that it reorganized and mediated a swallowing training program as a safe, non-invasive exercise that nurses can implement in a nursing facility with limited medical personnel and it could be easily followed by older adults.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.254-261
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• 2019

Objective : Miller-Fisher syndrome(MFS) is a type of acute inflammatory polyneuropathy, a disease characterized by abnormal muscle coordination, absence of tendon reflexes, and paralysis of the eye muscle. This study is to report a case of delayed facial palsy and dizziness in Miller-Fisher syndrome, treated with traditional Korean medicine. Methods : A 57-year-old male was diagnosed with Miller-Fisher syndrome accompanied by neurological symptoms such as right facial palsy and dizziness. He received traditional Korean medicine treatment such as acupuncture(including pharmacopuncture, needle embedding therapy, electroacupuncture) and herbal medicine for 17 days. Results : Each neurological symptoms were improved after traditional Korean medicine. In case of facial palsy, House Brackmann Grading System was reduced form grade 3 to grade 2, and Sunnybrook Scale was improved from 39 to 55. Also, other symptoms such as dizziness and headache was also improved. Conclusions : This case report suggests that traditional Korean medicine may have a role in treating neurological symptoms such as facial palsy and dizziness in patient diagnosed with Miller-Fisher syndrome.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2018

Background Static reconstruction surgery that tightens the tension of the inferior tarsus, thereby raising the lax lower eyelid, is a common treatment for paralytic ectropion of the lower eyelid. We present one such operative procedure, in which an orbicularis oculi muscle flap was used. Methods The surgical technique involves partial resection of the tarsus and the skin, as well as a superior-based orbicularis oculi muscle flap that is sutured to the firm tissue present on the Whitnall tubercle. The muscle flap is approximately 7 mm in width and 15 mm in length, with a superior pedicle that is attached to the tarsus at the medial point of the resected tarsus. The procedure results in contact between the ocular surface and the lower eyelid. Results The procedure was performed in 11 patients with lower eyelid ectropion due to facial paralysis. Ten cases showed a favorable outcome following surgery, with stable results seen over an average follow-up period of 4.5 years. In one case, recurrence of ectropion was observed 2 months after surgery due to an insufficient correction, and the patient required repeat surgery. Conclusions The orbicularis oculi muscle flap was an effective means of suspension and was able to maintain long-term traction tension. This procedure can therefore be considered a favorable treatment option for lower eyelid ectropion due to facial paralysis.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2003

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate the progress of bilateral simultaneous facial palsy and the effect of Hominis Placenta herbal-acupunture and the other oriental medical therapies. Method : We used two methods to research the progress of disease. 1. Diagnosis - Facial muscle test, Taste test, Hearing test, Photographies, Lab-finding 2. Treatment - Acupuncture, Herbal-acupuncture, Electroacupuncture, Herb-med Edema rate, Pain endurance, WBC, Hemoglobin, Platelet, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, RA factor, CRP Results : The onset of Rt. facial palsy was earlier than Lt. facial palsy 3days. The reaction on the treatment of Rt. facial palsy was more dull than Lt. facial palsy. In terms of treatment period, Rt. facial palsy was very longer than Lt. facial palsy. Conclusion : According to the above results, we discoveried that Hominis Placenta herbal-acupunture and the other oriental medical therapies had good influence on the bilateral simultaneous facial palsy. In the future, we should endeavor to know influence between Rt. and Lt. face in case of bilateral simultaneous Bell's palsy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.29.1-29.7
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• 2015

Facial asymmetry is found in patients with or without cosmetic facial alterations. Some patients have facial asymmetry that manifests underlying skeletal problems, while others have only limited soft-tissue facial asymmetry. Orthognathic surgery brings about a dermatic change, as soft tissue covers underlying bones. Limited soft-tissue asymmetry, meanwhile, is difficult to correct. The treatment modalities for the creation or restoration of an esthetically pleasing appearance were autogenous fat grafts, cartilage graft, and silicon injections. A young female patient had right-side facial asymmetry. The clinical assessment involved visual inspection of the face and palpation to differentiate soft tissue and bone. Although the extra-oral examination found facial asymmetry with skin atrophy, the radiographic findings revealed no mandibular atrophy or deviation. She was diagnosed as localized scleroderma with muscle spasm. In conclusion, facial asymmetry patients with skeletal asymmetry can be esthetically satisfied by orthognathic surgery; however, facial atrophy patients with skin or subdermal tissue contraction need treatment by cosmetic dermatological surgery and orthodontic correction.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2023

Background The temporalis muscle flap transfer with fascia lata augmentation (FLA) is a promising method for smile reconstruction after facial palsy. International literature lacks a detailed anatomical analysis of the temporalis muscle (TPM) combined with fascia lata (FL) augmentation. This study aims to describe the muscle's properties and calculate the length of FL needed to perform the temporalis muscle flap transfer with FLA. Methods Twenty nonembalmed male (m) and female (f) hemifacial cadavers were dissected to investigate the temporalis muscle's anatomy. Results The calculated minimum length of FL needed is 7.03cm (f) and 5.99cm (m). The length of the harvested tendon is 3.16cm/± 1.32cm (f) and 3.18/± 0.73cm (m). The length of the anterior part of the temporalis muscle (aTPM) is 4.16/± 0.80cm (f) and 5.30/± 0.85cm (m). The length of the posterior part (pTPM) is 5.24/± 1.51cm (f) and 6.62/± 1.03cm (m). The length from the most anterior to the most posterior point (aTPMpTPM) is 8.60/± 0.98cm (f) and 10.18/± 0.79cm (m). The length from the most cranial point to the distal tendon (cTPMdT) is 7.90/± 0.43cm (f) and 9.79/± 1.11cm (m). Conclusions This study gives basic information about the temporalis muscle and its anatomy to support existing and future surgical procedures in their performance. The recommended minimum length of FL to perform a temporalis muscle transfer with FLA is 7.03cm for female and 5.99cm for male, and minimum width of 3 cm. We recommend harvesting some extra centimeters to allow adjusting afterward.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2023

This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of facial chuna manual therapy in treating the sequelae of Bell's palsy. Four patients were treated with facial chuna manual therapy once a week for 4 weeks, consisting of facial muscle massage, acupoint pressure, contracture chuna, and synkinesis chuna. The changes in symptoms (contracture and sysnkinesis) were measured using the Sunnybrook Facial Grading Scale (SFGS), Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ), Facial Disability Index (FDI), Contracture/Synkinesis scale using a facial scanning system, Numeric Rating scale (NRS) for synkinesis or contracture, and Was It Worth It questionnaire. After treatments, SFGS, Contracture/Synkinesis scale, and NRS for synkinesis or contracture showed significant improvements. SFGS increased in three cases from 39~76 to 52~85 score. SAQ decreased in two cases from 53.33~57.78 to 40.00~55.56. FDI increased in three cases from 120~128 to 138~145. These results suggest that Korean medicine treatment, including facial chuna manual therapy can be effective in improving the sequelae of Bell's palsy.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2017

A 25-years-old woman with mandibular prognathism underwent a mandibular setback by way of mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy (MSSRO). After 2 days of operation, she developed difficulty of closing her right eye. The blink reflex test and motor nerve conduction study of the right orbicularis oris muscle were revealed right facial neuropathy of unknown origin and House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system (HBFNGS) grade V. For treatment, we initially prescribed oral prednisolone and nimodipine including physical therapy. The samples consisted of 11 facial nerve palsy patients caused by MSSRO and were analysed about onset of facial nerve palsy, postoperative HBFNGS, final HBFNGS, treatment method and recovery time. At 10 weeks of treatment of nimodipine, she had completely regained normal function (HBFNGS grade I) of the right facial nerve. The clinical results lead to assume a fast recovery of facial nerve function by the nimodipine medication, whereas average time of recovery is 16.32 weeks in references. Despite of the limited one patient treated, the result was very promising with respect to a faster recovery of the facial nerve function. Considering the use of nimodipine treatment for peripheral facial nerve palsy following a surgical approach with an anatomically preserved nerve can be recommended.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.143-150
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose Korean monophthong recognition method optimizing muscle mixing based on facial surface EMG signals. We observed that EMG signal patterns and muscle activity may vary according to Korean monophthong pronunciation. We use RMS, VAR, MMAV1, MMAV2 which were shown high recognition accuracy in previous study and Cepstral Coefficients as feature extraction algorithm. And we classify Korean monophthong by QDA(Quadratic Discriminant Analysis) and HMM(Hidden Markov Model). Muscle mixing optimized using input data in training phase, optimized result is applied in recognition phase. Then New data are input, finally Korean monophthong are recognized. Experimental results show that the average recognition accuracy is 85.7% in QDA, 75.1% in HMM.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2022

Patients who miss teeth partially or fully show many changes which make them lose function and esthetics.From the esthetic point of view, loosing teeth makes lower face unharmonized. There are various changes of lower and whole face according as how much change oral cavity is. Restoring the multiple teeth missing properly can make patient's face harmonized. Especially full mouth implant restorations can cause drastic occlusal change affecting masticatory muscles. Because all the muscles are connected closely, the masticatory muscles which is part of lower facial muscles can cause whole muscle change. In full mouth implant restoration case, I will show the whole face muscle change harmonized by meticulous occlusal treatment process. Full mouth restorations installed in right way show whole face muscle changes extending to head and neck muscles.