• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2009

This study investigates the relationship of self-differentiation with individualism and collectivism among college students. Special focus was on whether distinctions between vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism were more useful in examining the relationship with self-differentiation. The results reveal that different aspects of individualism and collectivism were differently related to self-differentiation, indicating that self-differentiation was negatively associated with all aspects of collectivism and with vertical individualism, but positively with horizontal individualism. This study proved that four distinct constructs were more useful in explaining the effects on self-differentiation. The implications of the findings are discussed for clinicians and future research.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.593-610
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore how the collectivism of Koreans has changed or has not changed. Through in-depth interviews and FGI with the older and new generations, keywords that express Korean collectivism today were discovered. First, the collectivism of Koreans is defined as 'selective collectivism', which is based on a more compact group consisting of self-selected members rather than a given group as before. Second, with the development of technology, online collectivism, in contrast to offline collectivism, emerged. Online collectivism is based on communication using online technology, and is characterized by horizontal relationship based on anonymity and 24-hour connectivity that transcends time and space. Third, the most important factor that composes Korean collectivism was found to be 'Cheong', which was recognized as an unchanged aspect of collectivism. Lastly, for Koreans, the group is closely related to self-identity, and for this reason, Koreans are obsessed with the sense of belonging to the group membership and the relationship with the members. The implications and limitations of the study were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.85-99
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to classify individualism-collectivism orientation into groups and analyze the difference of fashion leadership and expected values of appearance management by the groups. Questionnaires were administered to 376 adults in 20's and 30's living in Deagu and Kyungbook area through June 10~June 20, 2013. Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, Duncan-test, t-test, and $X^2$-test were used for data analysis. Survey method was used to collect data for this study and the measures such as individualism-collectivism orientation, fashion leadership and expected values of appearance management consisted of 5-point Likerties scale. Individualism-collectivism orientation was categorized into collectivism, competition consciousness, love of family, and individual focus. Fashion leadership were found as opinion leadership, double leader, and innovator. Expected values of appearance management were found as pleasure/individuality, other consciousness, and conformity. This indicates that women showed high opinion leader, double leader, and innovator of fashion leadership and pleasure/individuality, and conformity of expected values of appearance management while men care more about competition consciousness, love of family, and individuality focus of individualism-collectivism orientation. Individualism-collectivism orientation showed significant correlation with the sub-variable of fashion leadership and expected values of appearance management. Individualism-collectivism orientation were classified into three groups such as competition collectivism, individuality, and low individual-collectivism. A test of significance in groups was determined by demographic variables like gender, age, occupancy and monthly income. Groups showed significant difference in fashion leadership and expected values of appearance management.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

It was argued that the collectivism found among Koreans are quite differenct from the collectivism defined by Western theories. The study aims to define the dimensions of the Korean collectivism (Uri, we-ness) and to examine the influence of Uri dimensions on various interpersonal communication behaviors. Result found that Uri was composed of six dimensions: Mental support, group-selfishness, group-skepticism, individual sacrifice, group-oriented attitude, and emotional intimacy. The six dimensions were able to be integrated into positive collectivism (mental support, group-oriented attitude, emotional intimacy) and negative collectivism (group-selfishness, group-skepticism, individual sacrifice). It was found that positive collectivism generally influenced on constructive communication behaviors while negative collectivism generally influenced on deconstructive communication behaviors.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.527-550
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• 2012

This study is aimed to compare individualism and collectivism propensity of married immigrant women in a Korean rural area. By result of comparison on nationality, the level of collectivism was higher than it of individualism in every country, but the level of collectivism among the countries was no significant difference. The level of individualism among the countries was difference significantly, and the level of individualism of Chinese is most high but it of Japanese is most low. By logistic regression analysis the probability to be involved in the group that level of individualism is high was heightened as respondent have no religion or their's satisfaction on rural life increase. The level of horizontal propensity was higher than it of vertical propensity both individualism and collectivism. But the result of comparison on nationality, difference between horizontal and vertical propensity was no significant. Besides of these results, practical implications were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.47
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• pp.47-60
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between individualism collectivism clothing behaviors and clothing purchasing motives among high school students and the difference of individualism collectivism clothing behaviors and clothing purchasing motives according to demographic variables. And we also took a close look at how they turned out in their actual clothes-buying. The questionaire survey was used toward 55 high school students in seoul region during October 1998. SAS package program were used to analyze the gatherd data. Frequency Percentage Factor Analysis Duncan test Correlation Analysis and so on. The conclusion based on the results are as follow; 1. The analysis of correlations among individualism collectivism clothing behaviors and motivations showed that there are significant correlations among them 2. There are significant differences in individualism collectivism clothing behaviors and clothing purchasing motives according to demographic variables. 3. There also are significant differences in what motivates them to buy clothes and what they actually purchased(=their motives to buy clothes and their actual purchasing).

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.17-30
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between surface/deep acting in emotion labor, the collectivism and the organizational commitment of teachers in kindergartens and childcare centers. The subjects were 212 teachers employed in kindergartens or childcare centers in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province. The collected data were analyzed by mean of Pearson's correlation, simple regression, hierarchial regression, by the use of SPSS Win 15.0. The results of our study are as follows. (1) Collectivism was positively associated with deep acting in emotion labor but not with surface acting. (2) Organizational commitment was positively associated with deep acting in emotion labor but not with surface acting. (3) Collectivism operated as a main effect with organizational commitment being observed to increase as collectivism increased. In addition, interaction effects of deep acting in emotion labor and collectivism on organizational commitment were observed, however, no interaction effects were seen in term of surface acting in emotion labor and collectivism on organizational commitment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1574-1585
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• 2007

This paper aimed to investigate the difference of clothing behavior and desired image according to individualism-collectivism cultural tendency for women. A survey of 217 adult women was conducted from November to December 2006, mainly in Daegu. Reliability, frequency, percentage, factor analysis, ANOVA, t-test, Tukey test and an -analysis were used for data analysis by using SPSS WIN 11.0 package. The results were as follows: First, while the group with a higher tendency toward individualism valued personality and convenience above everything else, the group which has a higher tendency to collectivism disposition has a much greater interested in conformity and brand-orientation. Second, while the group with a higher tendency toward individualism pursued an bold image for their clothing, the group with a higher tendency toward collectivism preferred a feminine and plain image. Third, regarding the individualism-collectivism and demographic peculiarity, there were no significant differences between the two groups according to marital status and average monthly income. However, there were significant differences in individualism-collectivism among the groups determined by age, occupation, educational background and rural or urban background.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.129-137
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• 2010

This study investigated the relationships among collectivism, role conflict, and the organizational commitment of teachers in kindergartens and childcare centers. The subjects were 190 teachers who worked in a kindergarten or a childcare center in Daegu and in Gyoungbuk Province. Questionnaires were used to investigate collectivism, role conflict, and organizational commitment by self-reports from teachers. The collected data were analyzed by factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS Win 15.0. The results were as follows. (1) Collectivism was positively associated with the organizational commitment of the teachers. (2) Role conflict was negatively associated with the organizational commitment of the teachers. Among the different types of role conflict, teaching profession conflict, co-worker conflict, and administration conflict were negatively associated with organizational commitment. (3) Role conflict was a better predictor of organizational commitment than collectivism. Additionally, administration conflict as a type of role conflict was a better predictor of organizational commitment than collectivism.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.13-21
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between supervisors' transformational leadership, collectivism and the job satisfaction of teachers in kindergartens and childcare centers. The subjects were 240 teachers employed at kindergartens or childcare centers in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province. The collected data were analyzed by mean of simple regression, hierarchial regression, and the use of SPSS Win 15.0. The results of our study are as follows. (1) Collectivism was positively associated with supervisors' transformational leadership. (2) The job satisfaction of teachers was positively associated with supervisors' transformational leadership. (3) The interaction effects of supervisors' transformational leadership and collectivism on the job satisfaction of teachers were observed.