• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.628-635
• /
• 2007

As the hydrologic cycle is transformed by the expansion of impermeable area as a result of the urbanization, the function of an ecosystem is deteriorated by the transformed hydrologic cycle. In this study, a SWMM code was modified to have a groundwater pumping option about rivers-aquifer interaction to be possible. The modified SWMM was applied to continuous simulations of urban runoff from Hakuicheon watershed and it was used to analyse the effect of a groundwater pumping. The modified SWMM overcame the limitation of the ground subroutine that it only simulate groundwater inflow from ground to rivers. The result of continuous simulation of groundwater pumping is that surface runoff, groundwater runoff and groundwater level are well simulated, and Modified SWMM expressed groundwater runoff by negative number (-) when groundwater level is less than river stage.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2017

This study develops a new hybrid passive energy dissipation device for seismic rehabilitation of an existing structure. The device is composed of a friction damper combined with a steel plate with vertical slits as a hysteretic damper. Analytical model is developed for the device, and the capacity of the hybrid device to satisfy a given target performance is determined based on the ASCE/SEI 7-10 process. The effect of the device is verified by nonlinear dynamic analyses using seven earthquake records. The analysis results show that the dissipated inelastic energy is concentrated on the hybrid damper and the maximum interstory drift of the SMRF with damping system satisfies the requirement of the current code.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2001.03a
• /
• pp.207-214
• /
• 2001

응력-변형률 관계의 모델링에 있어서 creep, stress relaxation, strain rate effect 등의 묘사는 중요한 지반거동중의 하나인 시간 의존적 거동에 대한 simulation은 있어서 대단히 중요한 요소라 할 수 있다. 특히 지반은 변형률 속도에 대하여 때로는 매우 다른 거동 특성을 보이기 때문에 지반의 모델링에 있어서 변형율 속도를 고려한 구성방정식의 제시는 큰 비중을 차지한다 하겠다. 본 연구에서는 변형율에 따라 변화하는 지반의 거동특성을 보다 현실에 가갈게 묘사하기 위한 시간 의존적 구성모델을 제시하는데 있다. Bounding Surface Model의 Stress Invariant 부분을 Perzyna(1966)와 Adachi and Oka(1982)의 변형율 속도 의존적인 구성관계 이론을 이용하여 발전시켰다 제안된 구성모델은 다양한 변형율 속도에 적용에 있어서 기존의 방식보다 간단히 모델 정수들을 결정 할 수 있다. 지반거동의 수치적인 해석을 위하여 기존의 Bounding Surface Model에 사용되었던 Program Code를 발전 시켜 사용하였으며, 엄격히 시행된 실내시험의 결과와 비교/검증하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2014

A progressive failure analysis procedure for composite laminates is completed in here. An anisotropic plastic constitutive model for fiber-reinforced composite material is implemented into computer program for a predictive analysis procedure of composite laminates. Also, in order to describe material behavior beyond the initial yield, the anisotropic work-hardening model and subsequent yield surface are implemented into a computer code, which is Predictive Analysis for Composite Structures (PACS). The accuracy and efficiency of the anisotropic plastic constitutive model and the computer program PACS are verified by solving a number of various fiber-reinforced composite laminates with and without geometric discontinuity. The comparisons of the numerical results to the experimental and other numerical results available in the literature indicate the validity and efficiency of the developed model.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.63-82
• /
• 2016

In order to cope with the changes of International Commercial Arbitration, the Shanghai International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (SHIAC) regulated an Emergency Arbitrator for the first time, implementing the arbitration rules in China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone on May 1, 2014. Moreover, the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) also regulated the Emergency Arbitrator in the revised arbitration rules on January 1, 2015. However, it caused considerable contradiction that SHIAC and CIETAC admitted an interim measure decision by the Emergency Arbitrator under the circumstance that the Chinese court can impose a preservative measure in the Civil Procedure Code (CPC) and Arbiration Act. This study attempted to compare the main contents of an Emergency Arbitrator regulated in the arbitration rules of SHIAC and CIETAC with arbitration rules of representative arbitral institutions which operate an Emergency Arbitrator. In addition, this study verified the application features and problems through comparing the rule of SHIAC and CIETAC with the rule related to the preservative measure in Chinese law.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 2012

The present study is devoted to the influence of a superposed radial inflow in a rotor-stator cavity with a peripheral opening. The flow regime is turbulent, the two boundary layers being separated by a core region. An original theoretical solution is obtained for the core region, explaining the reason why a weak radial inflow has no major influence near the periphery of the cavity but strongly affects the flow behavior near the axis. The validity of the theory is tested with the help of a new set of experimental data including the radial and tangential mean velocity components, as well as three components of the Reynolds stress tensor measured by hot-wire anemometry. The theoretical results are also in good agreement with numerical results obtained with the Fluent code and experimental data from the literature.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.29-49
• /
• 2021

The Chinese Arbitration Law came into force in 1995 and has been implemented for 26 years. As a party to the New York Convention, there are many contradictions and conflicts between the Chinese Arbitration Law and the New York Convention on the issue of ad hoc arbitration, and this institutional disconnection can bring about problems such as misalignment of arbitration powers. On July 30, 2021, China's Ministry of Justice published a draft of the revised Arbitration Law for public consultation, and the draft has generated a lively debate among the public. This article explores the reasonable and inadequate points of the draft of Arbitration Law in light of the recent trends in the use of commercial arbitration in China, the COVID-19, the Free Trade Zone, and the relationship between the Civil Code and the Arbitration Law.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.38 no.6_1
• /
• pp.1385-1394
• /
• 2022

This study was to analyze the change in albedo by level-2 land cover map for 20 years(2002-2021) using MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Also, the difference from the MODIS data was analyzed using the 10-year (2012-2021) data of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). For the albedo data of MODIS and VIIRS, daily albedo data, MCD43A3 and VNP43IA, of 500 m spatial resolution of sinusoidal tile grid produced by Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model were prepared for the South Korea range. Reprojection was performed using the code written based on Python 3.9, and the nearest neighbor was applied as the resampling method. White sky albedo and black sky albedo of shortwave were used for analysis. As a result of 20-year albedo analysis using MODIS data, the albedo tends to rise in all land use. Compared to the 2000s (2002-2011), the average albedo of the 2010s (2012-2021) showed the most significant increase of 0.0027 in the forest area, followed by the grass increase of 0.0024. As a result of comparing the albedo of VIIRS and MODIS, it was found that the albedo of VIIRS was larger from 0.001 to 0.1, which was considered to be due to differences in the surface reflectivity according to the time of image capture and sensor characteristics.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
• /
• v.35 no.12
• /
• pp.137-148
• /
• 2019

Korean piloti-type buildings are comprised of pilotis in the first story and shear walls in the upper stories. This vertical irregularity causes excessive lateral plastic deformation on the first story while the upper stories stay elastic. Meanwhile, asymmetric position of structural components such as core walls and columns of RC piloti-type buildings tends to produce torsional irregularities of the structures. Korean Building Code(KBC2016) requires the special seismic load and torsional amplification factor to apply to the piloti-type buildings lower than six-story or 20m if it has vertical and torsional irregularities when the building corresponds to seismic design category C or D. Many Korean low-rised RC buildings fall into the class. Therefore, the special earthquake load and torsional amplification factor are often applied to a building simultaneously. However, it has not been studied enough how much influence each parameter has on buildings with vertical and torsional irregularities at the same time. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of factor special seismic load and torsional amplification on seismic performance of irregular buildings. In this study, a damaged 4^th story piloti-type building by the Pohang earthquake was selected and the earthquake response analysis was carried out with various seismic design methods by the KBC 2016. The effect of the design parameters on seismic performance was analyzed by the dynamic analysis of models with special seismic load and torsional amplification factor based on the selected building. It was concluded that the application of the torsional amplification factor to the reference model to which special seismic design was applied, does not significantly affect the seismic performance.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.11
• /
• pp.574-580
• /
• 2015

Climatic zone in building code is an administrative district classification reflecting regional climatic characteristics. Use of Degree-Days is a fundamental method that can be used in various building design codes, analysis of building energy performance, and establishment of minimum thermal transmittance of building envelopes. Many foreign countries, such as the USA, the EU, Australia, Italy, India, China, etc., have already adapted climatic zone classification with degree-days, precipitation or amount of water vapor based on the characteristics of their own country's climate. In Korea, however, the minimum requirements for regional thermal transmittance are classified separately for the Jungbu area, Nambu area and Jeju Island with no definite criterion. In this study, degree-days of 255 Korean cities were used for climatic zone classification. Outdoor dry-bulb temperature data from the Korea Meteorological Administration for 1981~2010 was used to calculate degree-days. ArcGIS and the calculated degree-days were utilized to analyze and visualize climatic zone classification. As a result, depending on the distribution and distinctive differences in degree-days, four climatic zones were derived : 1) Central area, 2) Mountain area of Gyeonggi and Gangwon provinces, 3) Southern area, and 4) Jeju Island. The climatic zones were suggested per administrative district for easy public understanding and utilization.