• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.119.2-119.2
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• 2007

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• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.535-539
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• 2009

This study was conducted to identify plant-parasitic nematodes and determine the distribution pattern of the nematode species in citrus fruit orchards in Korea from April to August, 2008. Plant-parasitic nematodes were found in 139 among 178 soil samples. Tylenchulus semipenetrans was collected from 85 out of 94 Citrus unshiu orchards examined (90.4%). C. junos orchards infested with T. semipenetrans were 60 out of 84 (71.4%). However, proportion of dominant species between the two was different. At domestic Citrus orchards, it proved that T. semipenetrans was the most important plant-parasitic nematode from this study. The overall frequency of the plant-parasitic nematodes was positively correlated with the cultivation years. More alkaline soils tended to harbor more T. semipenetrans. However the correlation coefficient between the two was very low.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.373-378
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• 2008

Contents of phytochemicals in citron (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) seeds and their effects on antioxidant activities were investigated. Methanol extract of defatted citron seeds contained the highest amounts of total polyphenols followed by 70% ethanol and water extracts. Neohesperidin was the most predominant citrus flavanones in these extracts. The highest amounts of limonoids were found in methanol extract, and this extract was the most efficient in scavenging both DPPH and ABTS radicals. All 3 extracts also exhibited good antioxidant activities against attack of linoleate free radicals on $\beta$-carotene. When methanol extract was sequentially fractionated into ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fractions, butanol fraction contained the highest amounts of polyphenols otherwise most of limonoids were concentrated in ethyl acetate fraction. A positive relationship between radical scavenging activities and total polyphenol contents in fractions was observed while antioxidant activity on $\beta$-carotene seemed more related with contents of limonoids and other hydrophobic polyphenols.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.115-127
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• 2014

This study was conducted to select environmental friendly organic materials for controlling the main disease of Yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb). Meloanose caused by Phomopsi scitri and Scab caused by Elsinoe fawettii are the most common disease in Yuzu. In this study, of which Meloanose disease severity was severe at late of June corresponded with high humidity due to frequent rainfall at that time. In addition, occurrence of two disease have shown in old tree than young. After processing with environmental friendly organic materials, reduction of disease severity was 51~73% and 41~75% in case of Meloanose and scab, respectively. Based on result, environmental friendly organic materials tested in this study may source for controlling both Meloanose and scab diseases on Yuzu.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2010

The aim of this research was to develop a practical use of the citron (Citrus junos Sieb.) leaf, which is a by-product of the citron cultivation, by introducing it into the Jeolpyun, one of the most popular rice cakes in Korea. To achieve the goals of this research, the citron leaf Jeolpyun (CLJ) was first precipitated. The sensory properties and physical examination of products containing 0 (control), 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5% of the dried citron leaf powders were then assessed by employing sensory evaluations and instrumental measurements for texture and color. A total of one-hundred and fifty women panelists in age categories of 20s, 30s, 40s, and over 50 were randomly selected from residents in the Seoul area. In general, the highest sensory evaluation scores were obtained for CJLs containing 2% of the citron leaf powders by all panel groups although there was some variation. As levels of the citron leaf powder in the CLJ increased, the texture parameters such as hardness, cohesiveness, and gumminess of the CLJ as measured by the Texture Analyzer significantly increased while adhesiveness decreased and springiness remained constant. Accordingly, the optimal amount of citron leaf powder was determined to be 2% or less for CLJ in order to maintain the original texture of the Jeolpyun. As the levels of the citron leaf powder increased in the CLJ, the Hunter colorimetric L-and a-value significantly decreased while the b-value significantly increased. In other words, the CLJs became darker, as well as deeper in green and yellow tones as the levels of the citron leaf powder increased. The above results indicate that the citron leaf could be successfully used for preparation of Jeolpyun at a concentration around 2%(w/w) based on the consumer preference test and instrument analysis of the products. This research is expected to contribute to the industrial use of citron leaf powder in Jeolpyun and other food products.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.189-194
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• 1995

Calli were successfully induced from immature embryos of Citrus junos SIEB. cultured on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 40.4 BA. Plant were regenerated from immature embryo derived callus on MS medium with 5 $\mu$M BA. The calli were morphologically characterized by two types: one was whitish and the other was yellowish. After 16 weeks of culture, shoots and root were formed on calli. Plantlets were transplanted to soil and successfully grown to a whole plant Also, the arrangement of the cells showed many differences according to developmental stages of callus and organogenesis. The small cells were compact in callus cultured for 6 weeks and the extended cells which divided actively appeared in it after 8 weeks of culture. The globular protrusion of compacted cells occurred in callus after 10 weeks of culture, and the neighboring cells were liquefied. Oil sac surrounded by the liquefied cell was observed in the leaf and was formed by rupture of liquefied cells.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2020

Citrus junos seeds (CS) have been traditionally used for the treatment of cancer and neuralgia. They are also used to manufacture edible oil and cosmetic perfume. A large amount of CS shells without oil (CSS) are discarded after the oil in CS is used as foods or herbal remedy. To efficiently utilize CSS as a by-products, it needs to be studied through chemical analysis. Therefore, we developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-diode array detection (DAD) method for simultaneous determination and quantitative analysis of five components (two flavonoids and threes limonoids) in CSS. A Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 ㎛) was used for this separation. It was maintained at 40 ℃. The mobile phase used for the analysis was distilled water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. To identify the quantity of the five components, a mass spectrometer (MS) with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used. The regression equation showed great linearity, with correlation coefficient ≥ 0.9912. Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) of the five compounds were 0.09 - 0.13 and 0.26 - 0.38 ㎍/mL, respectively. Recoveries of extraction ranged from 97.45% to 101.91%. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values of intra- and inter-day precision were 0.06 - 1.15% and 0.19 - 0.25%, respectively. This UPLC-DAD method can be validated to simultaneously analyze quantities of marker flavonoids and limonoids in CSS.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.295-308
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• 2016

This study investigated the effects of a flavonoid-rich ethanol extract of persimmon leaf (PL), an ethanol extract of Citrus junos Sieb (CJS), and a PL-CJS mixture (MPC) on mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We sought to elucidate the mechanisms of biological activity of these substances using measurements of blood coagulation indices and lipid metabolism parameters. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD with PL (0.5% (w/w)), CJS (0.1% (w/w)), or MPC (PL 0.5%, CJS 0.1% (w/w)) for 10 weeks. In comparison with data obtained for mice in the untreated HFD group, consumption of MPC remarkably prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT), whereas exposure to PL prolonged aPTT only. Lower levels of plasma total cholesterol, hepatic cholesterol, and erythrocyte thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, and decreased SREBP-1c gene expression were observed in mice that received PL and MPC supplements compared with the respective values detected in the untreated HFD animals. Our results indicate that PL and MPC may have beneficial effects on blood circulation and lipid metabolism in obese mice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.242-251
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of methanolic extracts from Citrus junos (yuja) seeds and yuja seed oils against HT-29 human colon cancer cells and to identify the key compounds responsible for this effect. Extracts from yuja seeds, yuja seed oil prepared using hexane, and cold-pressed yuja seed oil were prepared using 60% methanol (ES, EHO, and ECO, respectively). The key compounds in the extracts were determined using HPLC-MS. Among the extracts, EHO and ECO inhibited proliferation of HT-29 cells. EHO and ECO were fractionated using preparative LC and the bioactive compounds were determined. Five of the fractions showed a significant anti-proliferative effect and the main compounds in the fractions were isopimpinellin, bergapten, and ichangensin. These compounds showed anti-proliferative effects on HT-29 cells when treated individually, and ichangensin showed the highest anti-proliferative activity. These results suggest that these compounds may be responsible for the anti-cancer effect of EHO and ECO.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.403-408
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• 2008

In this study, we compared with 80% ethanol extracts from peel of Poncirus trifoliata (PTP) and peel of Citrus junos (CJP) against antioxidant and immune activities. Total phenolics and flavonoids contents in PTP extracts were $60.75{\pm}1.15$ and $33.75{\pm}0.15$ mg/l00 g, respectively, and those were lower than CJP extracts. Antioxidant activities of PTP were increased with the more concentration, and were similar to CJP. Antioxidant activities of PTP were increased with increasing of concentration, and were similar to those of CJP. The NO production in macrophage cell lines were increased in a dose-dependent manner, until 5 mg/ml of CJP and 1 mg/ml of PTP compared with control cells, but decreased at higher concentrations. The proliferation of mouse spleen cells were increased in a dose-dependent manner, until 1 mg/ml of CJP and PTP compared with control cells but decreased at higher concentrations. The NO production in macrophage cell lines treated with PTP and CJP were increased in a dose-dependent manner, compared with untreated control cells until the concentrations of $1{\sim}5$ mg/ml (CJP) and 1 mg/ml (PTP) but decreased at higher concentrations than that. The proliferation of mouse spleen cells treated with PTP and CJP were increased in a dose-dependent manner, compared with untreated control cells until the concentration of 1 mg/ml but decreased at higher concentrations than that.