• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.11-18
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• 2003

This study was carried out to find the cases of change in the Anglican Church including its rectory in Onsuri, Gangwha island, which was built in Korean traditional architecture style. The materials used for the study were published books, old photos taken before the change, drawings, and field survey. The result are as followings. 1) Painting concealed natural wooden grain should be removed as well as carpet on the wooden floor. The way of ceiling finishing is to be restored as traditional way. 2) Refer to the rectory, it needs to be restored totally, since it has been changed many times through partial renovation. It lacks unification of design in entire elevation, windows and door. The practical spaces such as indoor flush toilet and boiler room are desirable not to be revealed or designed in harmony with other spaces. 3) Stript flooring in the rectory are to be restored to frame flooring, room finishing including vinyl flooring, vinyl wall paper and moulding along the cornice to the traditional paper finish. Lattice patterns of windows and doors are recommended to be restored according to the traditional design.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2004

1"his Study is to make research a Image and Symbol in the Gothic Architecture. Firstly, the concept of the symbol and the image effect are essentially based on the meaning that the activity of consciousness take on the constitution of the symbol. Therefore the image represent the deepest content of human nature has been imagination and reality. Secondly, the symbol concept showed in Gothic Architecture was associated with the passion of the order of middle ages. The world, the cosmos and the history had been revealed in Gothic architecture. In Gothic Image, Emile Male maintained the symbol of the Catholic Church as above mentioned. The Catholic Church was mirror of the natural, the institution, the moral and history, then this passion of the order was a christian order. Especially, E. Panofsky said that the scholastic method was shown in Gothic architecture. He assert that it was especially dialectic method used in theology. That is, he explained the transfiguration of Gothic Architecture with the process of thesis, anti-thesis, synthesis. These symbolize light, magnitude, clearness. Finally, symbolic image is important in Post-Modem architecture at present. Post-Modern architecture is associated with the public and the Pluralism. Post-Modern architecture attempt to communicate as symbolic language among the assumption for diverse aspect of culture.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2016

Objectives: To assess submental route intubation as an alternative technique to a tracheostomy in the management of the airway in cranio-maxillofacial trauma, along with an assessment of its morbidity and complications. Materials and Methods: Submental intubation was performed in 17 patients who had maxillofacial panfacial trauma and management was done under general anesthesia during a period of one year from 2013 to 2014 at Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Medical College, Kochi, India. Results: In all 17 cases, the technique of submental intubation was found to be simple and reliable. Hypertrophic scars were noted in three cases, orocutaneous fistula and mucocele in one case each. All these complications were managed comfortably without significant morbidity to the patient. Conclusion: Submental intubation is a good technique that can be used regularly in the management of the airway in cranio-maxillofacial trauma, but with some manageable complications.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.231-239
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• 2014

This study is regarding the accessibility for the disabled in the catholic churches. The purpose is to check the current condition of the accessibility for the disabled and to suggest the improvement plans targeted at 10 churches located in Yuseong-gu, Daejeon metropolitan city. Especially the current condition of the obligations and recommendations specified in the accessibility enhancement law for the disabled was performed through field investigation. Firstly, the accessibility for the disabled of each church was evaluated qualitatively as well as quantitatively. And then sequential improvement plans divided into three stages were suggested. Above all, the parish, management authority of catholic churches should establish medium and long-term plans besides legal standards. Even though the scope of this research was limited to catholic churches of certain areas, the result of this research is expected to help investigation the current condition of the accessibility for the disabled and to suggest the improvement plans in other catholic churches.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.72-79
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• 2021

Religious architecture in the Gwangju and Jeonam regions played the role of local culture, and in particular, cathedral architecture maintains a consistent religious context and seeks to integrate with the local community. This study is to investigate and analyze the overall data to find out the characteristics and meaning of the Eucharistic adoration, which played a central role in the religious aspect and the space in the cathedral, and used it as basic data for the study of local cathedral architecture. The Eucharistic adoration was activated starting from the time when the Eucharist storage room was placed in the Middle Ages, and in 1979, when Pope John Paul II published a letter, and Bishop Na Gilmo of Incheon introduced the Eucharist, the Eucharistic adoration movement was activated in parishes across the country. However, regarding the Eucharistic adoration, a way to use its spatial meaning and religious use is still unknown, even to its believers. The Eucharistic adoration of the cathedral contains the main spiritual function of managing faith rather than the functions of mission, fellowship, and office work. An approach which composes the liturgical spaces in various architectural planning methods is necessary, but the fundamental and religious meaning must not be abandoned.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.78
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• pp.21-55
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• 2024

Purpose of study: The purpose of this study is to examine the crisis situation of Christian education experienced by Korean churches and theological education institutions after the COVID-19 pandemic, and to seek new tasks and directions that Korean churches should prepare for the recovery and growth of Christian education. Research Contents and Methods: Before reviewing the current crisis experienced by Korean churches and theological education institutions after the COVID-19 pandemic, the terms and concepts of Christian education are first reflected. In addition, the causes and phenomena of the Korean church and Christian education crisis after the COVID-19 Pandemic are examined through statistics, media, and church field data. The researcher identified the causes of the crisis experienced by Korean churches and theological education institutions as follows: 1. The influence of COVID-19 Pandemic: suspension of faith and educational activities, 2. The age of population cliffs: increase in the elderly vs. decrease in young people, 3. Neoliberalism: marketism, infinite competition, efficiency, winner-take-all, 4. post-religious era: post-Christianity, weakened communitarianism, and reduced number of Christians. The results of this study are four points as follows: 1. Crisis of church education: suspension of operation of Sunday school and feeling of failure, 2. Crisis of faith of young generation: nurturing unstable future church leaders, 3. Faith of adult generation: crisis and hope, 4. The faith of the elderly generation: light and shadow. Conclusion and Recommendations: The new task and direction of Christian education that Korean churches should pursue after the COVID-19 pandemic are as follows: 1. New conversion of Sunday school faith education: From schooling-paradigm education to faith education that integrates family and generation. 2. New conversion of theological education: From knowledge education to spirituality training. 3. Re-ignition of faith education for middle-aged adults: Activation of faith through worship and small groups, 4. New conversion of church elder education: The need to change from caring objects to creative religious life.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.37-50
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• 2004

Presentation is the way of revealing regionality that is hidden into the inner world. The expression of regionality has to be based on the origin and at the same time created newness as always suitable for the present through combination of 'familiarity' and 'unfamiliarity'. Regionality that has been maintained even under the application modern trends, spirits, technologies and materials should be now disclosed. Creating new forms that reflect regionality is possible only when a keen sense(emotion) always focusing on the essence of the earth works together with foresight(imaginative power) clarifying global pattern changes, under high tensions between both of them. Kim Su-Keun succeeded in reinterpreting traditional spaces, but failed in communicating patterns of life, ultimately revealing stiffness with no tension and no creativity. Kim Jung-Up could not draw out a whole meaning of relations among traditional fragments or relations between them and the present. He only borrowed such fragments from the view of formative art. For 'disclosed abstract', 'familiarity' and 'unfamiliarity' are repeated circularly and cope with pattern changes, continuously creating new forms and showing unity as a complete calmness(rest). In "YangDuk Catholic Church" by Kim Su-Keun provides a simultaneous reactivation of various images through continuous cross-weaving rather than being inclined to either the earth or the world. Based on the technique of 'disclosed abstract', "YangDuk Catholic Church" created a new form and space never seen before.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.33-49
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• 2001

This study was performed under the need for systematic analysis about the effect of religious activity of a protestant married women in Korea on the relational satisfaction between her and her family members. It was separately analyzed that church-centered religious activity and home-centered religious activity. The purpose of this study are to propose religious activity that could allow for a satisfactory relationship between all family members of a protestant married women, and to contribute to make a harmonious family through recommended activities for a protestant family and church to accept and carry out. The analyses of the results are in case of the pure explanation power that religious activity has on a protestant married women and her family member’s relational satisfaction, the couple relational satisfaction degree from wife is 4.6%, the one from husband is 4.4%, the mother-child relational satisfaction degree from mother is 2.5%, and the one from child is 1.5%. Therefore effect of religious activity on family member’s satisfaction is more couple relational satisfaction than mother-child relational satisfaction, and the significant variable on all the relationships between the protestant married women and her family members are home-centered religious activity.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.613-619
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• 2019

Paleoparasitological analysis was carried on 4 Merovingian skeletons, dated from the late-5th to the late-9th centuries, and recovered in the church of Saint-Martin-au-Val in Chartres (Center region, France). The corpses were buried in stone sarcophagi, which were still sealed at the time of excavation. Parasite marker extraction was conducted on sediment samples taken from the abdominal and pelvic regions, but also on samples taken from under the head and the feet as control samples. Microscopic observation revealed the presence of 3 gastrointestinal parasites, namely the roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), the whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and the fish tapeworm (genus Diphyllobothrium). This analysis contributes to a better knowledge of the health status and the lifestyle of ancient medieval populations during the Merovingian period, for which very few paleoparasitological data were available, up until now. It demonstrates the presence of the fish tapeworm for the first time during this period.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.66
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• pp.179-208
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• 2021

Due to COVID-19, the entire world is facing the unprecedented phenomenon. Amid the threat of the virus, the global community is struggling for life. In such circumstances, churches in Korea have been criticised as selfish groups threatening the community by spreading the virus. With such criticism, they are disregarded by Korean society because their immorality and exclusive attitude towards other religions and cultures were also mentioned in public. There are many reasons for Korean churches to lose trust from people. One of the reasons for that is the quantitative growth of church and expansion of the power of church, which is a direction that has been practised so far as a missionary goal. The zeal for spreading gospel has undermined the trust of church and become a deteriorating factor for mission, which is irony. In such problematic situations, the change of paradigm is required for new mission. The passion for evangelisation should not only focus on the quantitative growth of church; it should change its direction for serving the world in lieu with the plan of God for the activity of redemption on this land. A hint of such mission can be found in ecumenical mission. Ecumenical mission is a new paradigm which was discussed in ecumenical movement led mainly by WCC, and its aim is to participate in activities of redemption of God for life in this world. Christian education has been a tool for the expansion of Christian power in the context of traditional mission. Reflecting on the role of Christian education as such, the change of direction as practical movement for the kingdom of God was tried in ecumenical movement: the beginning of the discussion of Christian education based on ecumenical mission. Due to exclusivity, aggressive mission, and the excessive attention to the system of ecclesiastical authority rather than life, Korean churches, which have lost trust in this society, should recover themselves as the model of the kingdom of God, and the establishment of mission education based on ecumenical mission is required for them to become a community towards life. Furthermore, this is an urgent task for Korean churches to implement such mission education in a church community.