• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2001

Objectives : To assess the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis through proper diagnosis in a rural community and to elucidate the relevant factors of this health problem in order to develop educational methods for the prevention of female knee osteoarthritis as well to provide basic data for prospective research. Methods : Over a period of three months starting from August, 2000, 432 women over the age of 40 and living in a rural area were selected by a multistage cluster sampling method in order to investigate the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis and the related factors. The study utilized interviews and radiological examination. The criteria of knee osteoarthritis used was the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for osteoarthritis of the knee(1995). Results : The adjusted prevalence of knee osteoarthritis among the subjects was 55.0%, and multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio(OR) of knee osteoarthritis among subjects 50-59 years of age and subjects older than 60 years of age as compared to subjects 40-49 years of age were 2.43(95% CI: 1.30-4.70) and 4.40(95% CI: 2.47-7.83), respectively. The OR of knee osteoarthritis among factory workers or farmers as compared to others was 1.79(95% CI: 1.03-3.12). The OR of knee osteoarthritis among subjects who had a family history and subjects who had knee injury or surgical history against those subjects had neither were 2.56(95% CI: 1.42-4.03) and 4.70(95% CI:1.45-15.19), respectively. The OR of knee osteoarthritis among smokers against non smokers was 0.47(95% CI: 0.22-0.97). Conclusions : Related factors of knee osteoarthritis included age, occupation, family history, smoking, knee injury and history of surgery In order to prevent knee osteoarthritis in high risked rural woman, education concerning self-care methods and safety guideline must be provided at the work place by the public and private health sectors. Additionally, these women should be continually encouraged to exercise, including jogging and swimming regularly.

• 여성학논집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.3-35
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• 2012

본 논문은 19세기 영국 여성의 "성장"에 관한 소설들이 성장소설이라는 장르와 맺고 있는 복합적 관계를 역사적으로 살펴보고 성장소설이 가지고 있는 역동성을 잘 구현하고 있는 작품들이 여성의 "성장"에 관한 소설임을 밝히고자 한다. 일반적으로 18세기 말 독일에서 시작된 것으로 보는 성장소설은 자아의 발전을 통해 사회와 화해해가는 과정을 그린 것으로 논의되고 있다. 그러나 본 논문은 성장소설을 자아의 무한한 가능성을 이상화하면서 동시에 사회와의 통합이라는 제한적인 목표를 제시하는 데에서 오는 자아와 사회 사이의 갈등을 표현하는 서술 형식으로 파악하고, 그 갈등을 정치적 사회적 구조에 대한 비판과 연결시키면서 그 사이의 모순과 긴장을 드러낼 때 성장소설이라는 장르가 지닌 잠재적 전복성을 구현하는 역동성을 발휘할 수 있다고 본다. 성장소설이 지닌 이러한 잠재적 전복성을 잘 구현하고 있는 작품들이 19세기 여성 작가들이 그린 여주인공의 이야기라고 할 수 있다. 이들은 분리영역 이데올로기로 인하여 결혼 외에는 경제적으로도 사회적으로도 의미 있는 삶을 살아갈 수 있는 방법이 없었기 때문에 여성의 독립성이나 자율성을 근본적으로 불가능하게 하는 사회로부터의 소외를 절실히 체험하였다. 젠더라는 요소로 인해 자아의 발전과 사회와의 통합 사이의 갈등이 배가 되었던 여주인공의 한 예로 제인 에어를 들 수 있다. 『제인 에어』는 여성 성장을 이야기하되 모순적이고 반의적인 의미들을 다양하게 삽입시키는 수법을 통해 균열을 냄으로써 여성 "성장"의 의미를 새롭게 정의하고 자아의 발전을 불가능하게 하는 사회적 구조에 의문을 제기함으로써 성장소설이 가진 역동성을 발휘한 대표적인 작품이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2010

목 적: 자궁내막증 환자군과 자궁내막증이 없는 대조군의 정상 자궁내막에서 생리주기에 따른 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)의 발현 양상과 양 군간의 차이를 살펴, 자궁내막의 VEGF와 자궁내막증 발병의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 환자군은 자궁적출술을 시행 받은 환자 중 3기 이상의 자궁내막증으로 조직학적 진단을 받고, 자궁내막의 조직학 주기가 확인 가능한 40세 이하의 환자 64명을 대상으로 하였고, 대조군은 같은 시기에 자궁경부내 상피병변으로 자궁적출술을 시행 받은 환자 중 자궁내막증이나 자궁선근증이 없고 자궁내막의 주기가 확인 가능한 40세 이하의 환자 37명이었다. 환자군과 대조군의 정상 자궁내막에서 얻은 조직들을 면역조직화학 염색을 시행하여 반 정량적인 VEGF의 조직학적 점수를 산출하여 두 그룹간에 같은 월경주기 별 차이를 비교하였다. 결 과: 선세포와 기질세포로 나누어 같은 월경주기에 따라 자궁내막증군과 대조군을 비교하였을 때, 증식기와 분비기 모두에서 선세포 및 기질세포의 VEGF의 발현은 차이가 없었다. 각 세분된 월경주기 별 비교에서도 두 군간에 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 자궁내막증 환자군내에서는 선세포와 기질세포 모두 분비기에서 증식기보다 높은 VEGF 발현 양상을 보였다. 결 론: 자궁내막증 환자군과 정상 대조군의 자궁내막에 있어서 VEGF 발현 양상은 차이가 없었다. 즉 자궁내막증 환자의 자궁내막에서 VEGF 발현이 정상인에 비해 증가되어 있지 않고 이는 자궁내막의 VEGF 발현은 자궁내막증의 병인생성에 관련이 없을 가능성을 제시한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.565-577
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• 2017

본 연구는 2015년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여 건강한 한국 성인 2,624명을 대상으로 염증 지표인 CRP의 분포를 파악하고 성별, 연령 (50세 기준), 비만여부 ($25kg/m^2$ 기준)로 구분하여 CRP 그룹 (1 mg/L 기준)에 따른 인구사회학적 지표, 생활습관 특성, 영양소 섭취와의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 건강한 성인에 해당하는 대상자들의 평균 CRP는 $0.95{\pm}0.03mg/L$으로, 국외에서 조사된 타 인종의 수치보다 낮은 수준에 해당한다. 남성, 50세 이상, 비만인 경우 평균 CRP가 유의적으로 높은 수치를 보였다. LCRPG과 HCRPG을 비교한 결과, 대상자의 분류에 따라 다른 특징을 보였고 대상자의 분류에 관계 없이 비만 여부, 허리둘레, 공복혈당의 경우 HCRPG이 더 높으며 HDL콜레스테롤의 경우 LCRPG에서 더 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 식사 변수 외에 흡연자와 비만에 해당하는 대상자는 HCRPG에 더 많고 신체활동을 실천하는 대상자는 LCRPG에 더 많이 분포하는 것으로 나타나 이러한 생활습관이 CRP 수치에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 한편 교란인자의 보정 후 여성에서 HCRPG의 식이섬유 섭취량이 LCRPG보다 유의적으로 낮았으며, 50세 이상의 대상자에서 LCRPG 보다 HCRPG의 오메가3 지방산의 섭취량은 적었으며, 콜레스테롤 섭취량은 높았다. 또한 비만에 해당하는 대상자 중 HCRPG에서 지방의 에너지 기여율이 높고 지방과 포화 지방산의 섭취량이 높았다. 이러한 결과는 흡연, 신체활동과 같은 생활 습관뿐 아니라 식이섬유, 지방의 섭취량, 열량 에너지 섭취의 구성 또한 CRP 수준과 상관관계가 있음을 시사하며, 이는 식사와 만성염증과의 관련성을 제안할 수 있는 근거가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.68-81
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• 2001

This research is to study about the weight-change of a pregnant woman, conditions of the woman and an infant. The weight-change of a mother during pregnancy was observed and that was expressed as the basis on the body mass index of a mother before pregnancy. The effects of weight-changes on both the discomfort, complications of pregnant mother and the condition of an infant were also investigated. Thus we set a purpose that this study would help pregnant woman and an infant to maintain and enhance their health conditions by proper weight control through nursing mediation. This study was performed in a certain hospital of university in seoul from Feb. 1. 2000 to Mar. 31. 2000. We explained the purpose of this study to the hospital institution and obtained consent of investigation. 152 inpatients who were in condition from PA 37 weeks to PA 42 weeks were the subject of this study. The research materials were made through of question paper that inpatients make answer by themselves and investigation paper. The question paper was about general background, weight and height before pregnancy and discomfort of the physical degree. And the investigation paper was about parity, maternal weight(late pregnancy), high pregnancy, delivery method, hemoglobin level, Apgar score, fetal weight. Physical discomfort was measured using the implement made by Kim hae won(1996) (chronbach's ${\alpha}=0.85$). SPSS was used to do statistics for managing and analyzing data. The results of this study were like followings. 1. The mean value of gained weight during pregnancy was about 13.8kg within from 3 kg to 26 kg. Among 152 research candidates, the gained weight of 80(52.6%) candidates remained within an ideal range. But that of 37 candidates(24.3%) became less than the ideal range. Also that of 35 candidates(23.0%) became over than the ideal range. 2. In the investigation of the relation between the weight change of a pregnant woman and her condition, the scores to represent physical discomfort were middle in all candidates. And the physical discomfort of over weight-gained group was more than that of low weight-gained group, but there was no difference in statistics(F=0.234, p=0.791). The weight-changes of pregnant woman didn't have an influence with the high risk of pregnancy(F=0.509, p=0.477). Also, the weight-changes didn't have an influence on delivery method($x^2=3.825$, p=0.148). However, in the investigation of the relation between weight-change and hemoglobin level, the change of hemoglobin level was highest in over weight gained group(F=3.062, p=0.05). 3. In the investigation of the weight-change of pregnant woman and the condition of infant. the weight changes didn't have an influence on both 1 min Apgar score(F=0.157, p=0.855) and 5 min Apgar score(F=0.030, p=0.970) of infant. Also, in the investigation of weight-change of a pregnant woman and weight difference of a infant with Pearson Correlation Coefficient, the weight-change of a pregnant woman affected vastly the weight of a infant. It was also found that the more pregnant woman gained in weight, the more did gain weighty infants. This relation was in net proportion(r=0.256, p=0.001). In conclusion, these results suggest that the weight-changes during pregnancy in Korea women of these days are more increased than that of the past days and individual variation in weight-changes is very high. Also, these results suggest that the changed hemoglobin level of a mother and weight of an infant were meaningfully affected by the weight-changes of a pregnant woman during pregnancy. However, the physical discomfort of a pregnant woman, the high risks of pregnancy, the delivery method and Apgar score of an infant were not affected by the weight-changes during pregnancy. Because the recommendation suggesting the ideal weight-change, used this study, is basis on the subject of American women, therefore, these results also suggest the necessity of such recommendation which is subject to Korean women.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.67-82
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze how the different lifestyles between Koreans and Korean Americans have significant effects on their health. Despite being the same race, Koreans and Korean Americans have different health conditions and health attitudes due to the acquired environmental factors such as social-economic factors, lifestyle risk factors, healthcare systems, and medical utilization. It is crucial to examine how the different lifestyle habits between Koreans and Korean Americans lead to various health conditions for establishing an effective health promotion policy. Methods: In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted using the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Korea and CHIS data of the United States in 2005 and 2015 to provide valuable insights when establishing such a policy. Results: The specific research purpose is as follows: First, socioeconomic factors, such as (1)living habits risk factors, (2)health satisfaction levels, (3)disease outbreaks, and (4)medical uses, are analyzed to find the distinct characteristics among Koreans, Korean Americans, and Americans. Second, the three groups --Koreans, Korean Americans, and Americans-- were compared based on their exposure to disease-related lifestyle risk factors related to their body mass index and their general health condition. The research results are as follows: First, all three groups improved health conditions in 2015 better than in 2005. Koreans maintained relatively higher general health conditions compared to other groups: their prevalence rate of chronic diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and asthma was lower than that of U.S. residents. Second, in regards to health behavior factors, the lifetime smoking experience for Koreans and Americans both decreased in 2015 compared to 2005, while the lifetime smoking experience for Korean Americans increased slightly. The number of smokers for Koreans has greatly decreased over a decade while that of Americans has moderately increased. Third, according to the results of the multiple regression, the general health conditions, which is a dependent variable, suggests that the number of men who answered they are healthy is greater than that of women in Korea, compared to the United States. Conclusions: In conclusion, the acquired environmental factors had more significant impacts on health than the racial factors did. Compared to 2005, the health behaviors and health levels of Korean Americans in 2015 gradually became more similar to those of Americans.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.85-102
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• 1982

The current employment status among young home economists and perspectives in occupations for prospective Home Economics graduates were explored in this study which utilized information from 17 to 21 colleges in Korea and colleges in the United States during the five years of 1977∼1981. The Home Economics content areas covered in this study were Clothing and Textiles, Foods and Nutrition, Housing and Interior Design, and Child Development and Family Life. The highest percentage of Korean graduates in Clothing and Textiles was employed either as teachers at the junior high school level or as designers in the clothing and textile industries. Quite a number of the graduates were engaged in further studies at the graduate level. Korean graduates with a master's degree were teaching at the college level and some had furthered their studies at the doctorate level either here or abroad. Koreans with a bachelor's degree in Foods and Nutrition held jobs as teachers in junior high school, dieticians at mass feeding institutions and hospitals, food scientists in food industries, and researchers in institutions. Those with a master's degree were teaching at the college level. Americans with a bachelor's degree worked as dieticians, supervisors in restaurants and institutions, extension workers, researchers at various facilities, teachers and clerks. Americans with a master's or doctorate degree were engaged in teaching at colleges or supervising at research or working as extension specialists. In general, Korean graduates were found to hold positions in less varied areas than their American counter-parts. Among forty-nine graduates those working in their professional field reported less sex discrimination that those working in other fields. The major area of employment in Housing and Interior Design or Home Management graduates in Korea was teaching while in the United States it was extension work, business, governmental work and teaching. It was suggested that in the future, career development in Korea be further explored to include extension service, research, social welfare, financial planning, business, free-lancing, funeral home, home-call, and correctional education. Interviews with executives from 6 business enterprises indicated that most of them were aware of the potential contribution home economists could make for their companies but they expressed a negative attitude towards women in general due to their short stay on the job. Jobs held by Child Development and Family Life majors with a bachelor's degree in Korea were mostly teaching positions in public, junior and senior high school. However, jobs such as nursery school teaching, working in clinical setting, business, and teaching at public, junior and senior high school predominated in the United states. Most Korean graduates with a master's degree were teaching in professional colleges while in the United Stated the job variation among the graduates was rather evenly distributed among teaching at college level, public and high school, nursery school and administration areas. Reports from 7 child development majors on the job indicated that they were paid less that secretarial workers. Only half of them were working in their major area and these expressed satisfaction with their work. Two thirds of the respondents indicated no sex discrimination. It was suggested that in the future Child Development and Family Life majors pursue employment in counseling, guidance, recreation, mass media, administration and outreach work as well as education, research and parent education in services for children, teen-agers, adults and families.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.115-131
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 문헌을 통하여 실과 및 가정과교육의 철학적 이론과 사회적 배경을 고찰하고 본 교과교육의 미래 방향을 탐색하였다. 우리나라의 실과교육의 근거가 되는 교육론(교육사상)과 철학으로는 노작교육론, 실학사상 및 실용주의(pragmatism)를 들 수 있고, 가정과교육에 영향을 미쳤던 우리나라 사상으로는 유교사상, 철학으로는 Pragmatism과 비판이론을 들 수 있다. 우리나라 학교교육법 이전의 가정생활에 관한 교육은 주로 유교사상의 영향을 받아 여자가 교육받는 것을 꺼려하였고, 과거 학교교육에서도 가정과는 여자만의 교과라는 사회적 통념을 형성해왔다. 그러나 교육과정 성립 이후는 점차 미국 가정학의 영향을 받아 이론도 미국의 가정학에 기초하여 발전해왔다. 그러나 가정과의 모체가 되는 우리나라의 가정학은 미국과 다르게 Pragmatism과 비판이론과 같은 철학의 기반이 없는 상태에서 발전해왔기 때문에, 과학의 인식과 가치의 인식이 유리되어 학문으로서는 체재를 정비하여 발전해왔으나 변화하는 환경에 대응해서 생활의 가치를 지킨다는 사회적인 사명에 답을 할 수 없게 되었다. 그러므로 최근 이 문제를 가정교육학에서는 비판이론을 적용하여 해결하려고 하고 있다. 부분 개정된 제7차 교육과정의 기본 철학은 학습자의 능동적인 경험과 실제생활에의 적용을 중시함으로써 구성주의 입장을 취하고 있다고 할 수 있으며, 이는 실과 및 가정과의 성격과도 관련성을 찾을 수 있다. 미래 방향에 관한 탐색에서는 개정 교육과정의 내용분석, 일과 실천의 개념 변화, 기본생활교육 및 기초생활기술의 정착을 위한 실과 및 가정과교육의 필요성, 가정의 기능 강화에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있음을 제시하였고, 그 결과 학교교육에서 가정생활과 가족을 대상으로 하는 유일한 교과인 가정과의 역할은, 미래 저출산, 고령사회에는 더 커질 것으로 예측된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2005

Objectives: Recently, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) redefined the criteria of prediabetes, which has lowered the diagnostic level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from 110 to 125 mg/dl, down to levels between 100 to 125mg/dl. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive cutoff level of FPG as a risk for the development of diabetes mellitus in Korean men. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 11,423 (64.5%) out of 17,696 males $\leq$30 years of age, and who met the FPG of $\leq$125 mg/dl and hemoglobin A1c of $\leq$ 6.4% criteria, without a history of diabetes, and who were enrolled at the screening center of a certain university hospital between January and December 1999. The subjects were followed from January 1999 to December 2002 (mean follow-up duration; 2.3(${\pm}0.7$) years). They were classified as normal (FPG <100mg/dl), high glucose (FPG $\geq$100mg/dl and <110mg/dl) and impaired fasting glucose (FPG $\geq$110mg/dl and $\leq$125mg/dl) on the basis of their fasting plasma glucose level measured in 1999. We compared the incidence of diabetes between the 3 groups by performing Cox proportional hazards model and used receiver operating characteristic analyses of the FPG level, in order to estimate the optimal cut-off values as predictors of incident diabetes. Results: At the baseline, most of the study subjects were in age in their 30s to 40s (mean age, 41.8(${\pm}7.1$) year). The incidence of diabetes mellitus in this study was 1.19 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI=0.68-1.79), which was much lower than the results of a community-based study that was 5.01 per 1,000 person-years. The relative risks of incident diabetes in the high glucose and impaired fasting glucose groups, compared with the normal glucose group, were 10.3 (95% CI=2.58-41.2) and 95.2 (95% CI= 29.3-309.1), respectively. After adjustment for age, body mass index, and log triglyceride, a FPG greater than 100mg/dl remained significant predictors of incident diabetes. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the optimal cutoff level of FPG as a predictor of incident diabetes was 97.5 mg/dl, with a sensitivity and a specificity of 81.0% and 86.0%, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that lowering the criteria of impaired fasting glucose is needed in Korean male adults. Future studies on community-based populations, including women, will be required to determine the optimal cutoff level of FPG as a predictor of incident diabetes.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.63-85
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• 2010

이 연구는 다문화사회의 피할 수 없는 과제인 가치관 변화를 위한 출발점을 모색하기 위해 외국인에 대한 감정적 반응의 실체를 밝히고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 소수 민족에 대한 사회적 거리감을 측정하는 데 주로 사용되어 온 보가더스 척도는 '국민'과 '결혼을 통한 친족관계'에 대해 유독 배타성을 보이는 한국인들의 태도를 설명하는 데에는 충분하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이를 보완하기 위해 감정조절이론의 평가성과 권력성 그리고 활동성을 기준으로 각 출신지별 외국인에 대한 태도를 살펴보았다. 미국인이 세 차원 모두에서 높게 평가되었고, 일본인은 평가성은 낮고 권력성과 활동성이 높았다. 조선족과 새터민은 평가성은 높으나 나머지 점수가 낮다. 서아시아인은 세 차원 모두에서 부정적으로 평가되었다. 사회적 거리에 영향을 주는 요소들과 그 상대적인 영향력을 파악한 결과 평가성이 모든 집단에 영향을 미치는 공통된 변수였고, 일본인에 대해서는 권력성의 평가가, 중국인과 서아시아인에 대해서는 활동성에 대한 평가가 사회적 거리감에 영향을 미쳤다. 교육수준이 높을수록 미국인을 제외한 모든 외국인 집단에 대한 사회적 거리감이 줄어들었다. 미국인에 대해서는 여성이, 새터민의 경우에는 연령이 높을수록 사회적 거리감이 적었다.